Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: Biography da bibliography

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - Soviet tattalin arziki da kuma sociologist, wani almarar kimiyya marubuci, kuma utopian marubucin aiki na baƙauye tattalin arziki da kuma manufar halin kirki tattalin arzikin. Shi ne mai haske wakilin ƙarni na Rasha masana daga farkon karni na 20th. Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, wanda aka located kasa da photo, da dukan rai da aka kishin nazarin kungiyar na aikin noma. Ya ra'ayi da aka ba rene ta Soviet hukumomi. Duk da haka, tun 1990s, masana kimiyya ƙara ya fara koma zuwa karshe Chayanov. Bari mu yi kokarin gane abin da aka haɗa tare da munasaba da aiki na baƙauye noma ra'ayi.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: biography

Amma shi ne zai yiwu a yi la'akari da binciken na masanin kimiyya, bã su fahimtar yadda ya jẽ musu? Don haka bari mu fara da biography. Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich aka haife shi a 1888 zuwa wata m iyali, wanda yake zaune a Moscow. Rinjayi dangi a 1906 ya shiga bayan kammala karatu daga kwalejin ¡iyãma a cikin Moscow aikin gona Cibiyar. Tuni a farkon shekara ya ɓullo da wani amfani a kimiyya. Yana sha'awar Mensera. Kamar yadda aka sani, da karshen ne ya kafa ka'idar m mai amfani. A 1908 Chayanov ziyarci Italiya a 1909 - Belgium. Ya kamata a lura cewa, ko da a irin wannan matashi ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa wadannan kasashe a matsayin gaskiya masanin kimiyya, ba talakawa yawon shakatawa. Sha'awar da farko tafiya Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, bibliography wanda sa'an nan zai kunshi wani yawan ba kawai kimiyya amma kuma m ayyukansu, tsara familiarization shirin tare da kasashen waje da kwarewa na kungiyar na aikin noma. Talifi na farko ya na nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka kishin Co-aiki a Italiya. Lokacin horo a jami'a Chayanov buga 18 kimiyya articles. Ya aka miƙa wani wuri, a sashen aikin gona da tattalin arziki, da kuma ya amince. A 1912 ya samu title of Jagora Chayanov. Sa'an nan, ya bar na shekara a kan wani horon kasashen waje. A wannan lokaci ya dulos aiki a birnin Paris da Berlin. A lokacin da horon lokaci, ya kammala farko muhimmanci aiki "makala a kan Ka'idar aiki tattalin arziki."

Hulda da Soviet hukumomi

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, wanda taimako ga tattalin arzikin ne wajen samar da krestyanovedeniya ra'ayi ba theoretician, kuma a ko da yaushe nemi yin amfani da ta gudanar da binciken ne a yi. Ya kasance memba na daban-daban tunanin, memba na Board of m Congresses. A takarar Chayanov ko da an zabi ga post na ministan noma, amma ya gudanar da post kawai ga makonni biyu. Ƙarshe da co-aiki ya yi zaman lafiya tare da Soviet hukumomi. Tun shekara ta 1919 Chayanov aiki a cikin jama'ar kasar Commissariat Aikin Gona. Around cewa lokaci ya kuma soma nazarin wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. A 1922, da darektan harkokin bincike institute Chayanov gudanar a wani taron karawa juna a kan aikin gona da tattalin arziki. A wannan shekara ya aure, kuma ya tafi wani biyu-shekara tafiya kasashen waje. A shekarar 1923 da littafin da ya babbar aiki - "The kungiyar na baƙauye tattalin arziki." Ya fara kirgawa bourgeois farfesa. A 1930 Chayanov kama. Ya aka zabi "Labor baƙauye Party" a lura da kungiyar. Jama'a ji a kan al'amarin bai dauki wuri. A cikin kurkuku, da masanin kimiyyar ya ci gaba da aiki a kan ra'ayi. Chayanov sa'an nan kõre su Alma-Ata, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin Commissariat Aikin Gona. A 1937, a kan m la'anta masanin kimiyya yanke masa hukumcin kisa. A shawarar da aka bullo nan da nan, Chayanov ne kawai 49 shekaru da haihuwa.

The asalin manufar

The m al'adunmu na kafa krestyanovedeniya ne musamman bambancin. Yana hada ba kawai kimiyya aiki, amma kuma aiki na gwaninta. Duk da haka, dukan su sun raba na kowa theme. Works of art Alal misali a cikin sauki sharuddan da hadaddun sakamakon binciken kimiyya. Chayanov kara da juna a duk yankuna na agro-tattalin arziki trends. Za mu iya bambanta da wadannan matakai a gaban baƙauye aiki tattalin arzikin ka'idar. Daga cikin su:

1. A zama na iyali gonaki.
2. Halittar noma hadin
3. A ci gaba da noma a matsayin dukan.

Family-aiki ka'idar

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich ne kafa na dukan shugabanci. A cikin marigayi 19th karni, a rikicin da gidan haya 'kadarori. Wannan ya haifar da agrarian rikicin. Stolypin ta sake fasalin bai yi aiki ba, kuma yana kara bunkasa. Warware matsalar matsaloli a harkokin noma bukatar fitowan da wani sabon ka'idar kungiyar na aikin noma. Chayanov ji ruhun sau. Ya dauke da cewa babban alama na Rasha tattalin arzikin - wannan domesticity. Yana da wani tasiri a kan wadannan ra'ayoyi Chayanov da kuma horo a institute. Lalle ne, a tsakiyar malamai Chayanov kasaftawa mafi girma agrarian masana, Farfesa N. N. Hudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Prianishnikov.

Kungiyar na baƙauye noma

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich ya ba wani akidar Karl Marx. Duk da haka, ya kasance a hanyoyi da dama irin wannan ra'ayi "Capital" marubucin game da yanayin da manoma kamar yadda da hakkin ma'aikata da masu daukansu aiki. Shahararren Rasha tattalin arziki na farkon karni na 20th, gane da bukatar da muhimman hakkokin sake fasalin. A sahun gaba, sai ya sanya sirri aiki na wani baƙauye iyali. Bisa ga binciken na waje kwarewa da kuma empirical data masanin kimiyya yana sanya a gaba da ra'ayin shirya wani shiri da ra'ayi da aiki balance. Sun kafa tsakiya na krestyanovedeniya. Bisa ga tattalin arziki, da mafi kyau duka girman da aikin gona da sha'anin dogara a kan iyali size.

A shirin

Dalilin da wani baƙauye iyali aiki ne sadu da nasu bukatun. A mafi optimally shirya housekeeping, don haka shi ya auku ga mafi har. Saboda haka, wajibcin shirya shirin. Idan wannan ne yake aikata daidai, shi tabbatar da zaman lafiyar na kamfanin kuma mafi girma aiki yadda ya dace. Kowane gona dole ne a gani a matsayin bangare na tsarin. Saboda haka, shi ya dogara da mataki na ci gaba da al'umma. The iyali a matsayin wani mahaluži kamata amfani da duk damar data kasance yanayi. Shirin taimaka wajen fahimtar ciki tsarin da tattalin arziki, da dangantakar dake tsakanin daban-daban rassan finance yawa da kuma aiki halin kaka don daban-daban ayyukan. Yana hada da:

• Labor balance. Yana nuna dangantaka tsakanin aikin noma da kuma kamun kifi.
• Production balance. Yana nuna dangantaka tsakanin dabbobi da kuma kayan aiki.
• Cash balance. Ya characterizes kudaden shiga da kuma kudi.

jaddadawa

Chayanov yi imani da cewa key ga tari na shirin ba wani takamaiman jerin tattaunawa da kuma aikace-aikace na sharudda. Daga cikin su:

• A sahun gaba na samun aiki ya kamata ya zama iyali da kuma dangantakarsu da ta mabukaci bukatar.
• Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da Bayelsa. Yana iya zama mai iyakance factor.
• An muhimmanci rarrabẽwa kuma hidima kungiyar na ƙasa. M tsari yana da wani m sakamako a kan yadda ya dace da baƙauye tattalin arzikin.
• Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da peculiarities na kungiyar na aiki. Dole bukatar kula da harkokin sufuri ta halin kaka.

Saboda haka, marubucin gudanar ya hada da dukan fannoni na shirin ci gaban kananan iyali noma Enterprises.

aiki balance

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - wani masanin tattalin arziki ne wanda ya ginu da model domin sanin da na halitta iyaka da wani kasuwanci mahaluži. Ya ce cewa sakamakon shi ne ko da yaushe wajibi ne don sanin ko da factor na samarwa, wanda shi ne samuwa a mafi kuncin. Ga iyali gonaki Chayanov tambaya irin janar tattalin arziki a rukunoni irin su haya, ban sha'awa, samun kudin shiga, farashin. Ya gano biyu kungiyoyin dalilai a cikin riba: cikin gida da kuma na kasa da tattalin arziki. Tsohon hada da mutum albarkatun da kuma tsanani da su aikace-aikace.

Bambantawa farms manoman

A karshe zamani na kerawa da masanin kimiyyar fadi a kan 1927-1930 shekara. Tare da sauran tattalin arziki, ya yi karatu matsalar bambantawa na peasantry. Ya nuna cewa shi ya tashi saboda disharmony na halitta da kuma sauki kayayyaki da samar. A farko gravitated zuwa tsakiyar yankunan da m baki ƙasa, da karshen - mafi girma a tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Sake fasalin kudin ya haddasa wani karuwa a hijirarsa gudana, wanda shi ne dalilin bambantawa. Saboda haka, stratification al'umma, bisa ga Chayanov, aka ba a hade da zamantakewa matakai, da kuma tare da kawar da sabon iri na gonaki. Don karshen ya hada da noma, da bashi da usurious, kasuwanci da kuma goyon baya. Don warware matsalar da masanin kimiyyar tsammani shi dole su gudanar da hadin collectivization. Ta kuma na rance ya kamata ya taimake yankunan karkara proletarians komawa zuwa gargajiya model na iyali aiki.

Tamanin da ra'ayi domin ci gaban kimiyya

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - a sociologist da tattalin arziki, wanda aiki ne da aka sani da zamani masana kimiyya suka yi nazarin aikin noma da tsarin. Duk da haka, daidai saboda wadannan ra'ayoyi ya sha wahala. Stalin da kaina soki ka'idar. Chayanov domin shi aka farko kõre sa'an nan kashe da shekaru 49 da shekaru. Duk da haka, duk da dukan wannan, ka'idar ta ci gaba da rayuwa. A shekara ta 1980, ya fara da za a sabunta sha'awa. Yau, da yawa na aikin gona Tattalin arziki har yanzu koma zuwa gare shi, da kuma samun wahayi zuwa a gare shi.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich Books

The masanin kimiyya rubuta da yawa ƙwarai. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kawai a lokacin horo, dake Cibiyar, ya ya aka buga 17 articles. Ya main aiki yana dauke da littafin "makala a kan Ka'idar aiki tattalin arziki." A shekarar 1989 an buga shi a daya girma zabi ayyukan da masanin kimiyya. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan art Chayanov "Journey uwana Alexei zuwa baƙauye Utopia". Wasu daga cikinsu sun buga bayan marubucin mutuwa a 1980-2010 shekaru.