Cannibalization - menene wannan? Policy collectivization a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: haddasawa, tsari da kuma sakamakon

Idan muka yi magana kawai, kuma a takaice, dispossession - wani taro kwata na dukiya da manoma a 30s na karshe karni, wanda akwai miliyoyin rayuka da kuma ƙaddarãwa. Yanzu wannan tsari da aka samu ya zama doka, wajibi ne ga wadanda ke fama da diyya.

fara dispossession

Cannibalization, watau rashi na kulak baƙauye ta ikon amfani da ƙasar, da kwata na hanyar samar, "ragi" na management, ya faru a cikin shekaru na collectivization.

A farkon za a iya dauke da kwanan watan shiga (30/01/1930) Politburo yanke shawara (b). Yana tabbatar da hanyoyin da jerin matakan da ya kawar da kulak gonaki a yankuna inda collectivization.

Duk da haka, da ainihin dispossession fara yawa a baya. Lenin sanya kalamai game da bukatar magance da arziki manoma a farkon shekarar 1918. A sa'an nan da musamman kwamitocin da aka kafa, wanda da hannu a kwace kayan aiki, ƙasar da kuma abinci.

"Fists"

collectivization manufofin da aka haka m cewa fada karkashin shi da wadata manoma, kuma yana da nisa daga ci gaba na al'ummar jihar.

Muhimmanci da talakawa da manoma sun sha wahala daga tilasta collectivization. Cannibalization - shi ne ba wai kawai wata musu na tattalin arziki a kasar. Bayan halakar manoma fitar da su, repressed mu samu dukan iyalin, ko da kuwa shekaru. Jarirai da kuma tsofaffi ma alluded illa ma sha Allahu, a Siberia, da Urals, Kazakhstan. All "kulaks" da aka jiran aikin gandu. By kuma manyan, dispossession a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ta yi kama da wasan inda dokokin ake kullum canja. Musamman baƙi da babu hakkokin - wasu nauyi.

Wa ranked a matsayin "kulaks" yanke shawarar Soviet gwamnati ba tare da fitina. Za ka iya rabu da duk wanda ya ba kamar yadda m, ko zo a cikin rikici tare da hukumomin kasar.

Mummunan abu da ya shafi a ke so mutanen da suka sanya su "ta'addi" wahala ba tare da janyo hankalin ma'aikata. A farko da suka kasance sunã kira "tsakiya manoma" kuma don wani lokaci ba ta shãfe. Daga baya suka kuma rubuta a maƙiyi da sakamakon da mutane.

Ãyõyin kulak gonaki

ta bayyanar cututtuka da aka jera domin ganewa na kulak noma (SNK 1929). Daga cikinsu akwai wadannan:

• A amfani da hayar aiki a aikin noma, ayyukan da sauran filayen.
• A gaban a cikin ikon mallakar niƙa baƙauye mai Mills, bushe ya'yan itace da kuma kayan lambu, wani inji kayan aiki da engine.
• Barin duk na sama sunadaran.
• Lease gabatarwa ga mahalli.
• Darasi ciniki ayyukan, matsayin mai shiga tsakani, rasit na unearned samun kudin shiga.

A Sanadin dispossession

A dalilan da irin wannan m siyasa na hukuma ne mai sauqi qwarai. Aikin noma ne, ko da yaushe aka tushen abinci ga kasar. Bugu da kari ga wannan muhimmanci aiki, shi zai iya taimaka da kuɗaɗen da masana'antu. Shi ne mafi wuya a magance da babbar dama kananan, m gonaki. Yana da sauƙin to sarrafa mahara manyan. Saboda haka, kasar collectivization fara. A ajali manufar wannan taron - a gudanar da wani gurguzu canji na kauye. ko da takamaiman kwanakin da aka kafa domin ta yi nasara aiwatar. Matsakaicin lokaci na da aiwatar - 5 shekaru (ga wadanda ba hatsi yankunan).

Duk da haka, ta iya ba sun faru ba tare da dispossession. Wannan shi ya bayar da dalilin halittar gama da kuma jihar gonaki.

Cannibalization - shi ne kawar da fiye da 350 000 gonaki, lalatar da tsakiyar 1930. A wani kudi na 5-7% na jimlar yawan mutum gonaki real adadi shi ne 15-20%.

A dauki na kauye collectivization

Collectivization aka samu da mazauna daban-daban kauyuka. Mutane da yawa ba su gane abin da ake iya kawo, da kuma ba da gaske sane da cewa wannan cannibalization. Lokacin da manoma ya zo wannan tashin hankali da danniya, suka shirya zanga-zangar.

Wasu matsananciyar mutane Sunã halakar da kansu ya gona da kuma kashe gwagwarmaya wakiltar Soviet tsarin mulki. Don kashe tawaye da ya shiga tsakani a cikin Red Army.

Stalin ya gane cewa aiwatar iya cutar da ta suna da kuma zama makamin siyasa bala'i, ya rubuta wata kasida a cikin "Pravda". A da shi, ya yi Allah wadai da tashin hankali da ake zargi na gida masu aikatawa. Abin baƙin ciki, da labarin da aka ba da nufin kawar da rashin adalci, da kuma rubuta domin kansa fi. Riga ta 1934, duk da irin tsayin dakan da manoma a cikin gama kai da gonaki sun tuba 75% daga cikin mutum gonaki.

sakamakon

Dispossession - wani tsari da ya durkusar da rabo daga miliyoyin mutane. Shaidu tuna yadda ya aika a wata babbar iyali mahada cewa ya rayu tare for zamaninsu. Wani lokaci su da up to 40 mutane da kuma a hada da 'ya'ya maza, da' ya'ya mata, jikoki da girma-jikoki. Duk 'yan uwa aiki tukuru don bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar. Ya kwashe dukan ikon zo tare da wata alama. A kasar ta yawan ta ki for shekaru 11 da 10 da mutane miliyan. Wannan shi ne saboda dalilai da dama. A 1932-1933 suka yunwa domin kusan 30 da mutane miliyan. Areas a wadda ta tsirar da alkama (Kuban, Ukraine), su ne babban shafa. Yunwar da ta dauki variously kiyasta biyar zuwa miliyan bakwai rayuwarsu. Mutane da yawa suka mutu a kõre su daga aiki, tamowa, kuma da sanyi.

A tattalin arziki sharuddan, wannan tsari ba ya zama wani impetus ga ci gaban aikin noma. A akasin wannan, da sakamakon su m collectivization. Akwai ya kasance mai kaifi karu a yawan shanu da kashi 30%, yawan aladu da na tumaki, da aka rage by sau 2. Noman, a gargajiyance wani muhimmin labarin da Rasha ta fitar da kaya, fadi da 10%.

The manoma na jama'a dukiya, kamar yadda "a Draw". New ma'aikata aiki a wani slipshod iri, ta wadãta sata da kuma zargin almubazzarancin.

Don kwanan wata, duk ta shafa dispossession gane kamar wadanda ke fama da siyasa danniya. } Ananan hukumomi, yadda shafi don la'akari da yin yanke shawara a kan diyya gyara jama'a. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka yi wata sanarwa. A karkashin Rasha dokar, shi zai iya amfani ba kawai gyara 'yan kasa, amma kuma iyalansu, kungiyoyin al'umma da kuma amintacce mutum.