Canja: abin da yake da shi? canza kewaye da laifi management

Kalmar "canji" za a iya samu a da dama fasaha texts. Mene ne wannan? A mafi janar ji - a na'urar for sauya sheka lantarki haihuwarka (sakonni) wanda zai iya zama lantarki, electron-katako ko electromechanically.

A cikin kunkuntar ji ana haka ya kira ƙonewa canji, wanda ke sanye take da wani motocin da fetur injuna. Wannan iri-iri na sauya, yafi mota, da kuma batun wannan labarin.

Fage ƙonewa tsarin

Kamar yadda aka sani, a kowane aiki da zagayowar fetur ciki konewa engine, akwai wani mataki na shirya wani combustible man fetur-iska da kuma cakuda ta konewa mataki. Amma cakuda ƙone, shi dole ya zama wani abu to ya ƙone.

Na farko da bayani amfani a farkon mota ciki konewa engine, walai ya cakuda da haske tube saka a cikin Silinda da Preheat kafin fara da engine. Lokacin da aiki zafin jiki na tube aka kiyaye saboda konewa a kowane sake zagayowar daga cikin cakuda.

Sha'awa, da walƙiya ƙonewa tsarin magneto amfani a layi daya da pre-ƙonewa na injuna, amma a farko kawai ga masana'antu gas engine. Wannan ka'ida da aka sauri replicated da automakers, kuma bayan da sabuwar dabara na Robert Bosch a 1902, da saba walƙiya toshe walƙiya tsarin ya zama misali.

Ka'idar da walƙiya toshe

A halin yanzu, ya fi na kowa baturi tsarin ƙonewa, hada da wani halin yanzu tushen a cikin wani nau'i na mota baturi a lokacin fara da kuma mota janareta lokacin da engine ne a guje, da ƙonewa nada ne a gidan wuta da wani babban ƙarfin lantarki sakandare Tuddan da wani abin da walƙiya toshe ƙonewa, da kuma wani mai rabawa (canza) ƙonewa . Aiki canza ne daga lokaci zuwa lokaci katse halin yanzu kewaye da primary Tuddan na ƙonewa nada. Tare da kowane katsewa na yanzu Magnetic filin data kasance a cikin maki na sarari sun shagaltar da wayoyi na sakandare Tuddan na ƙonewa nada, rage-rage sosai hanzari. Saboda haka, a bisa ga dokar da na electromagnetic shigar da a wannan maki a sarari akwai manya-manyan solenoidal lantarki filin, wanda halitta wani babban tsanani (har zuwa 25 KV) a cikin sakandare Tuddan EMF ƙonewa nada, walƙiya toshe wayoyin tsage. A irin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin su da sauri ya kai wani darajar isa ga rashin lafiya na iska rata, sa'an nan slips lantarki walƙiya kunna makãmashin-iska cakuda.

Wannan ne switched zuwa ƙonewa tsarin?

Saboda haka, da mota canji. Mẽne ne, kuma me ya sa aka bukace ta? A takaice, wannan na'urar, wanda nufin warware halin yanzu kewaye a cikin primary Tuddan na ƙonewa nada a cikin mafi yawan dace domin wannan lokacin.

A wani hudu-bugun jini ciki konewa engine, wannan lokacin ya auku a karshen da matsawa bugun jini (2nd aiki bugun jini ICE), jim kadan kafin fistan kai abin da ake kira saman matattu cibiyar (TDC), a cikin abin da nesa daga duk wani batu kan fistan ga crankshaft axis na juyawa daga cikin ciki konewa engine ne iyakar. Tun da crankshaft sa a madauwari rotational motsi, yanzu katsewa batu daura wasu daga matsayinsu kafin kai su da kuma fistan TDC matsayi. A kwana tsakanin crankshaft matsayi da kuma a tsaye jirgin sama da ake kira ƙonewa lokaci. Yana dabam daga 1 zuwa 30 digiri.

Ganin tarihi, da tambaya "Car Switch: abin da yake da shi?" - ya zama alhakin, shi ne na farko inji, da kuma daga baya, kamar yadda fasahar ci gaba, lantarki wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi a cikin ƙonewa nada.

Inji precursor ƙonewa canji

A gaskiya, da canji ne a na'urar zama da aka sani kawai kwanan nan, bayan da shi ya zama cikakken lantarki. Amma da farko, tun 1910, lokacin da mota "Cadillac" ya bayyana a karon farko da wani atomatik ƙonewa tsarin, ta yi aiki tare da wasu ayyuka suna yi da rabawa (saita lokaci). Wannan biyuntakar ne da sunan tashi saboda ya dual aiki a cikin ƙonewa tsarin. A daya hannun, yanzu a cikin primary Tuddan na ƙonewa nada wajibi ne ya katse - Saboda haka "chopper". A daya hannun, babban ƙarfin lantarki Tuddan na ƙonewa nada dole ne alternately rarraba wa fulogogin dukan cylinders, kuma tare da so gubar kwana. Saboda haka na biyu da rabi na title - "rabawa".

Kamar yadda ya yi aiki da saita lokaci?

Wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi-hanyar bawul aka kore a cikin juyawa da crankshaft ciki shaft a kan wanda ake gyarawa a dielectric na'ura mai juyi tare da juyawa-darjewa tokoraznosnoy farantin da karshenta. By spring-ɗora Kwatancen farantin nunin faifai carbon goga da alaka da wani babban ƙarfin lantarki tsakiyar lamba a cikin rabawa cover, wanda a nuna an haɗa zuwa secondary Tuddan na ƙonewa nada. Tokoraznosnaya farantin lokaci zuwa lokaci gabatowa zubar a murfi da tramblera Lambobin high ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi manyan zuwa kururuta ha ~ akar cylinders. A wannan batu a cikin sakandare Tuddan spool auku high ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ya keta biyu iska rata: tokoraznostnoy tsakanin farantin da lamba waya da kuma ga wannan walƙiya tsakanin wayoyin na walƙiya.

A wannan shaft saka cams, wanda yawan daidai da yawan cylinders da kowane cam protrusions aka bude lokaci guda tare da connection Lambobin musamman tartsatsi halin yanzu interrupter kunshe a cikin kewaye da ƙonewa nada farko windings.

Wannan tsakanin lambobi na Ubangiji Yesu Kristi ba sa tartsatsi a lokacin bude, an haɗa layi daya zuwa high-iya aiki capacitor. Lokacin bude wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi Lambobin emf jawo a cikin primary Tuddan haddasawa a halin yanzu don cajin capacitor, amma anta to ta high iya aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi, ya kuma inganta lamba bude, shi ne a kasa da iska fashewa.

Amma abin da game da gubar kwana?

Kamar yadda aka sani, tare da wani karu a mita na juyawa daga cikin crankshaft cakuda a cikin cylinders dole ƙone ta matsawa bugun jini a baya, kafin TDC, watau, ƙonewa kwana kamata a rage. Conversely, ta kara rotational gudun a cikin matsawa bugun jini cakuda dole ne ƙone farkon, Ina nufin ci gaba da kwana karuwa. Da mai židayar lokaci ya yi aikin da wannan aikin centrifugal kayyadewa mechanically guda biyu zuwa ga cams bude canji. Ya juya a kan shaft na rabawa haka cewa sun jima ko ba dade a cikin matsawa bugun jini yana buɗewa da lambobi daga cikin Ubangiji Yesu Kristi da cakuda.

Gubar kwana canji wajibi ne kuma a akai mita lokacin da engine kaya dabam. Wannan aiki da aka yi na musamman na'urar - injin kayyadewa ƙonewa.

Bayyanar da farko sauya

By ƙarshen 70s na karshe karni da ya bayyana cewa mafi raunin kumburi tramblera ne lamba wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi, ta hanyar abin da ta gudana a full primary halin yanzu. Su ƙona kullum a kuma daga oda. Saboda haka, na farko da bayani ya na musamman lantarki canza rangadi zuwa katse halin yanzu a cikin nada. A ta gaban Low ƙarfin lantarki kewaye tashoshi hada da wayoyi daga al'ada lamba wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi tramblera. Yanzu, duk da haka, shi ne, ba katse Lambobin total halin yanzu na ƙonewa nada, da kuma karamin halin yanzu a cikin shigar da kewaye canji.

A gaskiya lantarki canji da aka fasali mai tsara a matsayin mai raba naúra da kuma alaka (a request na direba) zuwa gargajiya da mai židayar lokaci. Wannan ƙonewa tsarin da aka kira lamba email. Ta kasance Popular a cikin 80s na karshe karni. Ko a yau za ka iya har yanzu ganin motoci sanye take da shi.

Tuki lamba canza lantarki tsarin faruwa transistors.

A mataki na gaba - da ƙi na lamba wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi

Saduwa da Kristi har ma a wani low-halin yanzu form, da ake amfani a lamba tare da wani lantarki ƙonewa tsarin, za ta zauna ita sosai m kulli. Saboda haka, automakers yi babba kokarin kawar da shi. Wadannan kokarin da aka lashe tare da nasara bayan halittar maras lamba haska-rabawa a kan tushen da Hall haska.

Yanzu, maimakon dama cams a kan rabawa shaft fara shigar cylindrical m allo da kuma shutters da slits therebetween, kuma a cikinta da yawan makafi ramummuka daidai da adadin engine cylinders. Curtains da allo ramummuka motsi a cikin wani Magnetic filin samar da wani m maganadisu, da wani dada Hall bincike. Muddin shi motsa baya da labule na allo, da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki na Hall haska bace. Lokacin da rufe aka maye gurbinsu da wani tsaguwa da Hall haska lantarki circuitry na bugun jini irin ƙarfin lantarki an cire, ya nuna bukatar katse halin yanzu a cikin primary Tuddan na ƙonewa nada. Wannan bugun jini irin ƙarfin lantarki yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar waya don toshe da canza halin yanzu a cikin ƙonewa nada, inda shi ne pre-Littafi, sa'an nan kuma amfani da iko da babban ikon sharuddan sauyawa mataki.

Wani embodiment na da kusanci haska ne mai rabawa naúra da wani Tantancewar haska, a cikin abin da wani phototransistor da ake amfani, maimakon na dindindin maganadisu a wuri na Hall haska - LED. A Tantancewar haska yana da wani juyawa allo tare da takware da shutters.

Bayyanar da canji kanta

Saboda haka, a cikin contactless ƙonewa tsarin maimakon daya lamba tramblera sun biyu raba raka'a: kusanci (amma kawai low irin ƙarfin lantarki) haska-hanyar bawul da kuma wani lantarki canji. The aiki na high rarraba irin ƙarfin lantarki na fulogogin a cikin haska-dogo har yanzu aikin inji Rotary darjewa da tokoraznosnoy farantin.

Kuma da yadda za a sarrafa harbe-harben kwana? Wadannan ayyuka har yanzu yi centrifugal da kuma injin gwamnoni a matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'auni-rabawa. A farko daga cikin wadannan yanzu juya cams a kan shaft ba, kuma canjawa da rufe allo, sa'an nan musanyãwa ga ƙonewa kwana. A injin kayyadewa kuma yana da ikon don matsawa da Hall haska tare da goyon baya farantin, kuma daidaitawa wannan kusurwa.

Ganin sama, tambayar nan: "The zamani mota canza: abin da yake da shi?" - ya kamata a ba da amsa cewa shi ne fasali mai raba lantarki naúrar contactless ƙonewa tsarin.

Ƙin na high ƙarfin lantarki rarraba

A mafi tsawo a cikin canza kula inji high ƙarfin lantarki rabawa Silinda ga walƙiya. The mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wannan kumburi ya isasshe abin dogara da kuma ba sa mafi gunaguni. Amma lokacin da ba ya tsaya har yanzu, kuma a farkon wannan karni, da canza dangane kewaye ya halartar manyan canje-canje a cikin gaba.

A zamani da motoci ba a nan high ƙarfin lantarki rarraba daga daya nada don daban-daban kyandirori. A akasin wannan, da suka "ninka" kanta nada da kuma karfe m kyandir kowane Silinda. Yanzu, a maimakon na lamba sharuddan sauyawa walƙiya high ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi contactless sharuddan sauyawa na coils ga low irin ƙarfin lantarki. Hakika, wannan ya dagula canza kewaye, amma kuma yi yiwuwa na zamani kewaye zane ne sosai mafi fadi.

A zamani motocin da allura injuna canzawa gudanar da ko dai m iko naúrar mota, ko jirgin kwamfuta. Wadannan controls ba kawai bincikar crankshaft juyawa gudun, amma da dama sauran sigogi characterizing da man fetur da kuma coolant, yawan zafin jiki na daban-daban aka gyara da kuma muhalli. Bisa ga yadda suka bincike na real-lokaci da kuma canja saitin da ƙonewa lokaci.

canza laifinsu

Mafi na kowa inji gazawar tramblera aka tsawa ya lambobi: duka biyu mobile kuma high-ƙarfin lantarki walƙiya lambobi. Don wannan bai faru ba (a kalla ba ma sauri), ya kamata ka kai a kai duba su, kuma idan sun kafa wata ajiya, shi wajibi ne don cire allura fayiloli ko lafiya sandpaper.

Idan karkatattun capacitor da alaka a layi daya zuwa ga lambobin sadarwa na Ubangiji Yesu Kristi, ko da wani resistor a kewaye da tsakiyar babban ƙarfin lantarki lantarki, da suka iya maye gurbinsu.

Matsalar aiki na samfur na lantarki canza lalacewa ta hanyar kasawa na Hall haska hatsaisai amfilifa ko canzawa da nada halin yanzu yawanci ba a abar, domin irin wannan canji da aka ba nadawa. A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da karkatattun naúra tana kawai maye gurbinsu da wani sabon daya.

Yadda za a duba canza?

Idan engine gudun wãsã "taso kan ruwa", ko shi stalls a kan tafi, ko ba gudu, duba gaban walƙiya daga ƙonewa rabawa haɗa zuwa Hall haska Candlelight. Don yin wannan, kwance su zuwa ci iyakoki broneprovodov, sa kyandirori a kan "nauyi" da "juya da" crankshaft Starter. Idan babu walƙiya ko shi ne mai rauni, kana bukatar ka matsa zuwa na canza.

Amma yadda za a gwada canza? Wajibi ne a kunna walai kan da kuma tantance yadda voltmeter allura ne deflected. Idan canji ne OK, sa'an nan Ya kamata karkacewa a matakai biyu. Da farko kibiya bautar wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi a cikin abin da akwai zauna 2-3 seconds, sa'an nan fitowa zuwa karshe (maras) matsayi. Idan kibiya nan da nan daukan ta karshe matsayi, za ka iya kokarin maye gurbin canji.

Haxawa da canza

How to connect da canji ga contactless ƙonewa tsarin? Ya kamata a tuna cewa ta m block an haɗa ta biyu wayoyi don tashoshi "B" da "K" da ƙonewa nada, wata uku-waya kayan doki tare da connector - ga Hall haska a kan Na'urar haska-rabawa da kuma guda waya - to "nauyi". Tare da m "+" da alaka da baturi canza kewaye a m "B" na nada.