BRDM-2: kunna, yi, m, photo. Armoured bincike da motar sintirin

Fiye da rabin karni da suka wuce ta Soviet sojojin shiga BRDM-2. Rasha ci gaba halittar soja kayan aiki. Wannan inji za a iya samu a soja shafukan zuwa yanzu. Kuma ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a cikin wasu kasashe. Akwai ma da damar sayan BRDM-2 tare da adana abubuwan amfanin. Duk da haka, a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki, shi ba a san yadda zai nuna hali a cikin mota bayan da barci na 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan inji copes tare da ayyuka. Yana iya a yi la'akari da mafi kyau daya ga abin hawa, wanda "za".

Armoured abin hawa yana da babban maneuverability a kan ƙasar, ruwa shingen, a kashe-hanya yanayi, ravines da ramuka. Tafi ko'ina don taimaka mafi ƙafafun, wanda za a iya haɗa idan ya cancanta. Idan ba za su iya jimre, taimaka winch. Abin hawa yana a babban mataki na makamai da kuma kariya daga waje lalacewa. Fama module hada inji bindigogi, gurnati launchers da kuma wasu makamai daban-daban zamo.

manufacturer

Armoured bincike da motar sintirin 2 (BRDM-2) da aka samar a Gorky Automobile Shuka a cikin lokaci daga 1963 zuwa 1982 bayan shekaru 7 da wannan na'ura da aka samar a Arzamas na'ura-gini shuka. A lokaci guda samar An kafa a wasu ƙasashe. Daga cikinsu akwai Poland, Czechoslovakia, {asar Yugoslavia.

Tarihi na halitta

A 1962, da data kasance Rasha sulke da motocin da aka supplemented da wani sabon model, da ake kira BRDM-2. An ci gaba da zanen kaya na musamman Office na Gorky Automobile Shuka karkashin shugabanci na VA Dedkova. Wannan yaki inji ya zama a madadin da BRDM-1 rabu amfani da nan.

A farko model aka halin gaban gagarumin drawbacks. Daga cikin su aka located a gaban engine da damar 90 lita. s., rauni firepower, mai yawa nauyi, ba kyale da mota to ba ƙarin makamai. Saboda haka, a farkon shekarar 1959 sulke iko da kasar bayar sharuddan na reference na'ura-gini shuka don gina motoci tare da ingantattun yi.

Soja motocin BRDM-2 ya haye ruwan cikas da fadi da wuriyar. Don wannan karshen, da na'ura aka sanye take da ruwa-jet propulsion naúrar a jiki, ja rollers, wanda ake actuated da babban engine.

A wannan lokaci, kamfanin ya fara wani Gaz-66 truck samarwa (wanda aka fi sani a karkashin sunan "Shishiga"). Saboda wannan zanen kaya zai iya daukar fiye da m abubuwa don ƙirƙirar wani BRDM-2. kunna tushe model aka yi amfani da mutane da yawa sassa daga "shishiga". Waɗannan su ne gadoji, watsa, powertrain da sauran gyara.

Bambanci tsakanin sabon model daga asali version

Wheeled ATV biyu da al'ummomi suka sãɓã wa jũna bayani dalla-dalla. BRDM-2 yana da abũbuwan amfãni a kan da wanda ya riga:

• Inganta tuki yi.

• Karfafa fama damar.

• A babban mataki na tsaro.

• Akwai anti-nukiliya tsaron gida.

• A engine shigar baya, ta haka ne inganta permeability na wani ruwa Hazard.

• Domin aiki tare da bayanai (ta tsara, canja wurin) an yi amfani da rediyo tsarin.

Wadannan halaye rarrabe sabon model na BRDM-2. Hotuna zai faɗakar da canje-canje da suka shafi bayyanar da mota. Bronezaschitnye jiki sun kasance a shirye ta tsakiyar shekarar 1960. Amma sabon shasi aka gyara da kuma powertrain aka ba tukuna sanya. Saboda haka, da suka yi dauki guda kamar yadda a baya version. A wannan sanyi da soja ƙasa motocin isa ga gwajin. Amma wannan ya haddasa taro na korau reviews.

Disadvantages na model da kuma kawar da nakiyar

Soja motocin a lokacin gwajin samu wadannan sake dubawa:

• Karfin juyi, wanda yake samar da ƙarin iko engine, da watsa ba daukar kwayar cutar a cike.

• Motar tabbatar da m a cikin sasanninta. Wannan ya taimaka da wani kunkuntar mota hanya, wanda aka kafa a kudi na kafa gadoji na "shishiga". Saboda wannan dalili, da mota ba ta motsa a kan tanki waƙoƙi.

• A bude turret, wanda housed da makamai, bai kare harbi. Bugu da kari, bude rabo kebanci imami da anti-nukiliya tsaron gida.

• Ciki da mota sosai kadan sarari, wanda bai isa ga ma'aikatan jirgin.

• Bad review, abin da rufe da firam na inji (na baya view) da kuma direban (gefen dama view).

Dandana BRDM-2 samfurori, kunna wanda ci gaba a kan, aka dauka ta hanyar soja. Amma abin mamaki, taro samar aka taba fara. Wannan ne ya hana muhawara kan bude turret, wanda bai dace da soja. Saboda haka, designers ya yi canje-canje zuwa ga aikin. Sun kafa Spark PKT da KPVT dama a tsakiyar na na'ura gidaje. Wannan tsari ba zai shafi patency (ciki har da na ruwa hadura). Amma a wannan maharbin aka boye cikin mota zai iya fitar da wani madauwari harbe-harben. anti-nukiliya tsaro tsarin aiki ne ba lalace. A hasara ne domin a rage yawan ma'aikatan da mutum daya. Ciki sarari ya zama ko da karami.

Serial samarwa ya sosai m. Domin shekaru 25, an saki kawai 9.5 dubu motoci.

BRDM-2: kunna factory

A lokacin da samar da mota an inganta sau da yawa. Ko da tare da waje jarrabawa za a iya bambanta model na farko da kuma na karshe shekaru.

Saboda haka, farkon soja ATVs da biyu hatches ta hanyar abin da na shigowa iska. Tare da wani trapezoidal siffar, suna rufe da wani cover cewa ya buɗe baya. A tsakiyar samar da biyu hatches sun rectangular a siffar da rufaffiyar blinds. A model da aka saki a cikin seventies na hatches da aka sanya 6 iyakoki, da kama wani naman kaza. Wannan zane sanya shi yiwuwa a kare engine.

ƙungiya

Rasha sulke da motocin manned ƙungiya daga 4 mambobin:

• Kwamandan.

• Driver-makaniki.

• Scout.

• Scout, wanda shi ma wani mai harbi da bindiga.

Kwamandan tare da direba a filin yanayi gudanar da kallo ta hanyar duba windows cewa za a iya rufe a lokacin da ya cancanta tare da sulke lids. A lokacin fadan, su kiyaye kwamandan yana amfani da wani periscope. Bugu da kari, akwai prismatic na'urorin. 4 raka'a ga shugabansu, da kuma 6 - domin makanikai. Don duba yankin dare kwamandan da kuma direban-makaniki amfani dare hangen nesa na'urorin: TVN-2B da TKN-1C, bi da bi. Shiga ciki shi ne zai yiwu, ta hanyar manholes located a saman jiki.

Scouts aka sanya a tarnaƙi na fada daki. Ga kowane daga cikinsu bayar da wani Semi-m wurin zama. Kallo na sararin sama da aka yi ta hanyar wani sako shirya cikin su uku prismatic na'urorin. Nan Kusa hatches da inuwõyi cewa ana amfani da harbe-harben na sirri makamai.

zane Features

Layout BRDM-2 ne kamar haka:

• Front - rabuwar management. A nan ne controls, rediyo, kewayawa na'urorin, wurare ga direba da kwamandan, to saka idanu na'urorin da ƙasa.

• A cikin tsakiyar - fada daki. Shi ne cibiyar da hasumiya, wadda aka kafa gun. Akwai kuma harsasai, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da raguna ƙarin ƙafafun, biyu kujeru ga scouts.

• A tsananin - da engine daki. An ware daga sauran inji bangare shãfe haske da wani tacewa naúrar. Don samun da ikon naúrar ne samuwa tare da hinged kofofin.

A yanayin da kanta da aka yi da wani birgima karfe takardar mai rufi da Layer na makamai (6-10 mm). Wannan kare da na'ura daga wani ɓaɓɓake daga kananan makamai da kuma kananan zamo kamar nawa fashewar.

Bayani dalla-dalla BRDM-2

A engine amfani ga na'ura carbureted V-dimbin yawa 8-Silinda. Motor ikon ne 140 lita. wani. Ba tare da MOTA KE SHAN MAI inji iya tafiya 750 km da ƙasa kõ 15 hours lokacin da motsi ta hanyar da ruwa. The man fetur tank 280 lita. Akwai drive motor manual tashi.

Sanyaya ruwa, rufe irin. Refrigerant aka kẽwayãwa ta hanyar forcedly tsarin.

Shasi BRDM-2 kunna kadan shafa. A general, shi ne sosai kama da cewa na BRDM. The inji aiki a kan biyu manyan gadoji. Lokacin da tuki a kan hanya, yana yiwuwa ya gama biyu mafi gadoji. Wannan za a iya yi tare da taimakon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive.

Overall girma daga cikin na'ura:

• Height - 2395 mm.

• Nisa - 2350 mm.

• Tsawon - 5750 mm.

• Wheelbase - 3100 mm.

• Ground yarda - 330 m.

• Front hanya - 1840 mm.

• Rear hanya - 1790 mm.

Machine Tã game 7 tons. Cikinsa ƙasa matsa lamba na 0,5-2,7 kg / cm ^2.

spring dakatar. A marẽmari da Semi-elliptical siffar. Dabaran dabara - 4x4, idan ka gama ƙarin biyu gadoji - 8x8.

Taya matsa lamba za a iya bari tsakiya. Tsaya wannan ba dole ba ne yin wani gyara mai yiwuwa ne ko da a kan Go. Lokacin da tuki a kan dusar ƙanƙara, wanda Layer bai wuce 30 cm, da taya matsa lamba bukata ba za a rage. Machine da dama ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara da ƙafafun tafiyar da ƙasa.

Front saka winch gidaje. Yana da damar samovytaskivatsya mota. A winch yana da wani ja da karfi na 3.9 tons. A tsawon ta USB ne 50 m.

Speed, wanda tasowa dabaran duk-ƙasa motocin lokacin da tuki a kan hanya ne 95-100 km / h. Lokacin da motsi ta hanyar da ruwa, wannan siga an rage wa 8-10 km / h.

The inji shi ne iya shawo kan matsalolin da tsawo daga wanda ya kai 0.4 m. A zurfin na moat, wanda za a iya shawo kan inji kai 1.22 m. Bridgeable Yunƙurin ne 30 digiri.

gyare-gyare

Bayar wheeled ATV BRDM-2 da dama gyare-gyare. Su ake samar a kasashe daban-daban.

A Arzamas na'ura-gini shuka a Bugu da kari ga asali version ne kuma akwai version na BRDM-2m (A). Wannan model wheeled kwamitin shirye-shirye suke maye gurbinsu da trapezoidal kofofin. Yana yiwuwa don rage nauyin da mota. Suspension aro daga BTR-80. Kamar yadda ikon naúrar aka saka turbocharged dizal engine. Its iya aiki ne 136 lita. wani. BRDM-2A version ne complemented rediyo zabi daga iri biyu. Kayan aiki a gun (7.62 da kuma 14.5 mm).

A kan ƙasa na Ukraine an saki kawai 'yan gyare-gyare. A shekarar 1999, a Nikolayev taru version na BRDM-2LD da wani sabon engine. Wannan samfurin da aka yi amfani da lokacin da rikici a Kosovo. Bayan shekaru 6 a Nikolayev bayar da wani karin gyara - BRDM-2DI "Khazar". Saka dizal engine "Iveco" tare da preheating, thermal imager da sabon makamai.

Biyu kara gyare-gyare da aka tattara a Kiev. A farko da aka kira da BRDM-2DP. Yana sãɓã wa jũna a kasa nauyi, wanda gefen sunadaran karuwa patency da aka cire. Maimakon haka, shigar da sabon engine zane cin nasara da ramuka (ramuka), da ƙofar waje na jiki ga paratroopers. Canje-canjen sa na makamai. Na biyu gyara na Kiev ta bayyana a shekarar 2013. Ƙarin ƙafafun cire. Add a rediyo tashar, a dizal engine da damar 155 lita. s., alama fitilu gaba da raya hatches for paratroopers. Canje-canjen fama raka'a.

Da dama gyare-gyare samarwa Poland. A farko BRDM-2m-96I bayyana a cikin 1997. Yana featured wani sabon birki tsarin da kuma wani dizal engine, "Iveco" 6-Silinda. Na biyu gyara zo a 2003. Yana da aka kira da BRDM-2m-96IK "The Jackal". Wani sabon ingantattun dizal engine "Iveco" 6-Silinda. Complementing da mota rediyo, kwandishan, protivokummulyativnymi latticed fuska. Canje-canjen zamo saka na'ura gun. Last gyara samar a Poland - BRDM-2m-97 "Zbik B". A wannan model baya daga cikin sabon shida-Silinda dizal engine "Iveco" sun kafa wani sabon watsa da kuma sauran ƙarin kayan aiki.

Wani canji aka tattara a Belarus. Yana da aka kira da BRDM-2MB1. Ta dauki kashe da horo ƙafafun da propellers, kyale tafiya a kan ruwa. Model sanye take da 155-horsepower dizal engine, rediyo, video kula, hatches ga sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa a tarnaƙi na jiki. Modified sabis. The ƙungiya karu zuwa 7 mutane.

A shekarar 2013, ya version of "Nibbler" miƙa wa Azerbaijan. Ruwa jiragen sama da kuma ƙarin ƙafafun cire. Powerplant shigar damar 150 lita. wani. Ingantattun nawa kariya. Saka hatches for paratroopers, na'ura gun hasumiyai for soja raka'a (roka launchers na daban-daban zamo, biyu-barreled gun).

Kazakhstan miƙa wa gyara a cikin wannan shekara. Da ikon naúrar aka maye gurbinsu a dizal shuka "Iveco". Maye gurbinsu da gadoji. Suka ɗauki a kan BTR-80. Saboda wannan ya karu hanya. spring dakatar zauna daga asali version. Gyara da ake kira BRDM-laifinsu.

Its gyara ne a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech (yawa-B, yawa-V), Serbia (Kurјak).

BRDM-2 a matsayin dalilin da samar da motoci

Bisa ga BRDM-2 (Hoto wanda za a iya gani a cikin wannan labarin) sun fara ulla manufa ta musamman motocin. Yana fara kusan nan da nan bayan da farkon samar BRDM-2.

Tuni a shekarar 1964, designers suka fara samar da abin koyi ga sinadaran bincike. Yana da aka kira da BRDM-2px ko "Dabbar". Wannan inji aka ɓullo da manufar bincike da sunadarai, bacteriological, radiological fuskantarwa. Musamman kammala wannan version ne:

• Na'ura for aunawa da mataki na samu na iska ta radiation (Radiometer).

• Gas analyzer aiki a wani atomatik yanayin.

• Roentgenometer.

• A na'ura ga ganowa sinadaran contaminants, da ke aiki a Semi-atomatik yanayin.

• Atomatik canji, a cikin abin da Ya ƙaddara hali iska domin kwayan gurɓatawa.

The iska ciyar for analysis zuwa na'urorin ga iska bututu. Bayan da gwajin, iska ta sallami zuwa waje. A tsari na ciyar da kuma ejection bincikar iska ne sarrafawa da direba. Don wannan karshen, biyu makamai ne a gaban shi. Bayan da mota bar wani sawu na kwasfa alamomi. Sun kasance sũ ne da kalmomin "Kamuwa" a kan tutar ne rawaya. Wannan ya yi don ƙayyade wani hadari hanya. Flags kafa musamman sunadaran da na'ura, wanda za a iya sarrafawa daga gida shi ne.

Bayan da sama-da aka bayyana "Dabbar" da sauran bambance-bambance tsakanin daban-daban zamo na'ura gun. Yawan ma'aikatan jirgin rage zuwa uku: kwamandan, direban (wanda bugu da žari yi inji aiki), Scout (a gaskiya shi ya kasance wani sunadarai).

A 1967, bisa BRDM-2 da aka tsara inji for sanda. Yana ba da hasumiya. Maimakon haka, suna kafa da rufin rana, wanda ya buɗe ido. A ciki sarari ruwansa da kwamandan, rediyo sadarwarka.

A cikin eighties akwai wani version na BRDM-2U. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, maimakon na kayan lantarki (wanda aka rage) saita hasumiyar don bindigogi.

Kuma ci gaba zvukoveschatelnye inji cewa suna da wani talakawan sauti baza mulki. Waɗannan su ne model:

• 3C-72B, wanda ba Ya kãmã soja raka'a. Tower a cikinsa aka maye gurbinsu a mashaya tare da lasifika. A manufacturer ya bayar da wata iyaka na watsa 7.5 km. Aika da saƙonnin da ka iya ko ramut. Kawai a cikin wannan harka da mai magana ya kamata a located a nesa na ba fiye da rabin kilomita daga mota.

• 3C-82, inda fada raka'a aka shigar. Duk da haka, adana a daya kawai na'ura gun turret. lasifika cewa za a iya ji gaba da shi a kan hasumiya da aka gyarawa a nesa na 6 km.

Inji sun kuma an ci gaba ga shari linzami ( "Baby-M", "gasar", "ido", "Falanga-P" da sauransu), gaggawa motocin, motocin da ikon shawo kan ruwa shãmaki, bashi tarin model. Horar da ma'aikatan jirgin zai iya samun musamman tsara horo kit.