Boris Chertok, a Soviet da kuma Rasha masanin kimiyya-zanen: biography, rubuce-rubucen da

A cikin karni na ashirin, Rasha ya kafa a cikakke galaxy na malamai, m techies, wanda taimako ga ci talikai ba za a iya overemphasized. An yi imani da cewa masanin kimiyyar-zanen Boris Evseevich Chertok daukan wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin su. Ya sana'a karfe musamman zane "zukata" da makamai masu linzami - gudanar da tsarin. Da yawa da hankali ya biya wa ci gaba da kuma tauraron dan adam sadarwa.

Maye gurbinsu da ashirin da tara a cikin ta farko

An haife shi a 1912, tun kafin Oktoba juyin juya halin, Chertok mutu kwanan nan (a 2011). Live kusan karni da kuma ci gaba da rai da motsi hankali - yana da daraja da shi! "Muna bukatar yin aiki dai zai yiwu domin amfanin al'umma - wannan shi ne sirrin," - ya ce Chertok. Boris Evseevich biography wanda ya fara a Lodz (Poland a yau, kamar yadda a baya located a kan ƙasashen da Rasha Empire), ya zo a cikin wannan duniya na ashirin da tara na watan Fabrairu. Yin shaida kakanninsa ce farko na Maris.

1914 - lokacin da ya kwarara daga 'yan gudun hijira gudu munin cewa za'ayi yakin duniya na farko. Gudun nan daga mummunan scenes na Battle of Lodz, dauke da ita makamai da ɗa, da iyaye tunani na kawai da abu daya: da yadda za a tsira. Bayan shekaru, yaron ya zama wani Academician, cosmic baiwa. The sunan Hero of Socialist Labor, mariƙin na da yawa awards hada da ba wai kawai a jerin "The Best Rasha jirgin sama designers," amma a duniya martaba na binciken sararin samaniya filayen.

Babbar sha'awa Chertok dabara fito daga makaranta. Devyatiletki ya sauke karatu a 1929. Duk da haka, a shekarar da suka wuce a cikin mujallar "Radio duk" zo na farko gaban wata sauki Soviet yaro (duniya tube rediyo).

A kan hanyar zuwa babban makaranta diploma

A sha tara da ɗari shekara ta talatin da matasa mutum ya zo kasar most jirgin sama sha'anin - shuka lambar 22. Mei (Energy Institute) ya kammala karatunsa ne kawai a cikin forties da wani mataki a cikin wutan aikin injiniya. By lokacin da sabon-gwani kadara ya ba daya lamban kira a kan muhimmanci fasaha mafita (da suka supersereznye dauki akalla wata atomatik saki kaya, bawa mai kaifin lantarki).

Trust da abokan aiki, "gaba na" a makarantar sakandare diploma. A daya dubu ɗari tara da talatin da biyar shekara da talented part-time dalibai (kafin karshen jami'a switched zuwa da rana) injiniyoyi a KB, inda wani sarki da wani abin bautãwa ya Victor Bolkhovitinov (tare da 1936 Design ofishin yi a cikin yankunan da shuka lambar 84, a 1939 - on sha'anin № 293 Khimki).

Ga Boris Chertok yi aiki duk da yaki da shekaru, tun goma sha tara forties. A arziki waƙa rikodin yana dauke da wadannan bayanai: gwani a lantarki da kayan aiki (gubar m), yana shirye ya tashi winged motoci na nan gaba nasara na Arewa iyakacin duniya (da kai "pervoprolettsev" - Michael Vodopianov) da kuma kama da mota Sigismund Levanevskogo, inda jarumi sanya wani nonstop jirgin Tarayyar Soviet - America.

The fitarwa

A Bolhovitinovskom KB Boris Evseevich halicci musamman ayyukan lantarki. Bisa su, da All-Union Electrotechnical Cibiyar tattara samfurori na kida batun stringent gwajin. A kunno kai trends na soja kayan aiki da ake buƙata nauyi kai harin sanye take da mafi m jirgin sama janareto da lantarki Motors AC.

Mutane da yawa san sunan Academician Claudia Shenfera. Ya gangarawa sashen na lantarki inji Electric Cibiyar da kuma goyan bayan matasa gwani. Matakan aiwatar da asali jirgin sama tsarin wa'adi da nasara. Amma hadari girgije sun tara: yaki ya barke a kan invaders.

A sha tara da arba'in da daya, mafi muhimmanci tsaro Enterprises aka kwashe zuwa ga raya. Mutane da yawa ma'aikata da kuma na asali kayan aiki da shuka lambar 293 Nii-1 NCAP dan lokaci zauna a Bilimbai Sverdlovsk yankin. Boris Chertock tuno yadda yawa jiki aiki a wani iska zazzabi debe 50 digiri, a azumi (suna fadin rabon abinci ba shi da ceto).

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1945 a Jamus tare da wani sabis request aika musamman kungiyar masana kimiyya. Mun ya m gano da dadi Jamus rocketry. A tawagar da aka karkashin jagorancin Chertok. Boris Evseevich girma da arziki bauta wata manufa kafin na biyu a shekarar 1947. Ya kuma Alexei Mikhailovich Isaev yi aiki tukuru don Thuringia, sarrafawa sojojin nasara iko da Tarayyar Soviet, kamfanin ya bude "The Raven" ( "Bawan"). Duniya sa a kango, bayan da yaki, da kuma tako har taki na Soviet-German roka institute a Nazi kagara!

Na uku Reich a 1944-m roka masana'antu sanya zamani masana'antu. Mai ban mamaki ci gaban Jamusawa masana kimiyya su tura domin karin aiki binciken da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka. Chertock da takwarorinsa sun ɓullo da resistant na'urar for ƙonewa na man fetur-iska cakuda. Wuya search an avant-garde tsarin. Electric ƙonewa LRE (ruwa ko sinadaran roka injuna) ya mai nasara. Sabon abu samu a daya dubu ɗari tara da arba'in da biyu, to kafa kusa-jirgin saman soja "B-1" (Mahaliccin ubanninsu - da kuma Bereznyak Isaev). The man fetur amfani nitric acid da kananzir.

cherished taron

Nii-1 ɓullo da wani muhimmin shugabanci, "ƙasa-ƙasa" linzami kula da tsarin aji (intercontinental ballistic dogon zango). A shekarar 1946, a kan tushen da "Rab" fara institute "Nordhausen" (shi kuma hada "Montana", wanda saki "V-22, da kuma tushe Leestene) Name cikin Chief Engineer na Company baya koya dukan duniya -. SP Korolev (Chief zanen na roka da kuma sarari masana'antu da Tarayyar Soviet).

Tun shekarar 1946 da kuma har 1950, Boris Evseevich hade da biyu jobs: ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Designer Sergei Korolev da kuma shugaban sashen na gudanar da tsarin Nii-88 sashe na Armed Forces of kungiyar Soviet Socialist jamhuriyoyin. A 1951 - Head farko Design ofishin gudanar da tsarin. Famous Rasha jirgin sama designers Chertok, Korolyov da kuma aiki kafada da kafada da ranar dating ga mutuwar daya daga cikinsu (Malkisadik ya ba a 1966).

Na biyu rawar da farko mutum

"Juya-kashe" daga Nii-88 (1956) da aka a mataki zuwa wani sabon m kamfanin da ake kira "gwajin Design ofishin lambar 1". Daga shekarar 1957 zuwa shekarar 1963. Boris Chertok - hannun dama Sergeya Koroleva, shugaban wannan musamman kungiyar.

D. t. N. Chertok a shekarar 1963 da aka ciyar da su mataimakin farko mutum a kan kimiyya da sha'anin. aiki da kuma lokaci guda a karkashin reshe lambar 1, wadda ta kasance a cike lilo wajen samar da tauraron dan adam da kuma su kula da tsarin. Bayan rasuwar Sarauniya ya zama sarki zanen Vasily Mishin. Dandana kuma Mafi mãsu hukunci kyãwon Boris Chertok ya mataimakinsa, da dubawa hadaddun CDB gwajin Engineering.

Daga 1974 zuwa 1992. - Mataimakin Babban (daga baya Janar) constructor kimiyya-masana'antu hadaddun "Energy" a kan kula da tsarin (SPC - da OKB-1, sa'an nan TSBKEM karkashin jagorancin V. Mishin, a shekaru daban-daban, Glushko, Semenov).

suke da muhimmanci

Tare da daya dubu da ɗari tara da casa'in da uku a shekara, kuma kafin ya bar wani duniya (2011) ace m "wuta a cikin sararin samaniya," Boris Chertok a kai a kai samar da sana'a da shawara ga general zanen na roka da Space Corporation "Energia" mai suna bayan S. P. Koroleva (da - OKB-1 ).

Burbushi da matakai na dogon tafiya, ƙarshe da shawara da kanta: dukan ayyukan da wani masanin kimiyya da kuma wani injiniya - shi ne ganin dabarun da tsare-tsaren da nufin equipping roka da kumbon sama jannati irin wannan iko levers, wanda zai sa su iya mafi tsawo jirgin.

A makaranta halitta mai m masanin kimiyya, har yanzu alfahari da shi daidaitacce a cikin cin gaban sabuwar kimiyya kwatance. A da shi suna hukunci a kan matakin kai ta cikin gida sarari fasahar, manned da mutum. Chertok ɓullo da wani ka'idar da immutability na Tsarin, kungiyar na samar da tuƙi giya da actuators.

All zaman kanta da kuma united

asali tambayoyi a yanke shawara kara kuzari da kara ci gaba da ka'idar da fasaha na roka da kuma sarari drive. Sai ya zama zai yiwu don samar da hadaddun sunadaran don Tashar sarrafa jiragen ruwa bayyana hydraulics da dijital iko da kuma more. Mutumin da aka iya ci gaba da zama a cikin m sarari.

Chertok Boris Evseevich da takwarorinsa ɓullo da kayan yau da kullum na zayyana m na'urorin kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wani hadade tsarin na intercontinental makamai masu linzami. Su babban aikin yi gaskiya roka ƙaddamar da dangi (kafofin watsa labarai).

A hankali muna soma nazarin fitarwa rarraba alamu na gazawar da fasaha kayan aiki da kuma Tsarin (AMINCI ka'idar). Suka fara bayyana haddasawa da kuma alamu na wahala. Ingantaccen tsalle ya kai ga bayyanar da R-7 intercontinental ballistic harsashi. Bugu da ari ka'idojin kyautata a cikin gyare-gyare na wannan mu'ujjiza na soja da kayan aiki.

Ka tuna duk, na tuna duk

A 1999 ya wallafa wani littafi da aka buga wanda amounted zuwa hudu monographs. Tun daga nan kuma har ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi kyau mai sayarwa, "Space kundin" wanda mafarkansu don samun masana daga kasashe daban-daban, miliyoyin talakawa masu karatu. A kan murfin na uncomplicated nuna: "B. E. Chertok" Roka da Mutane "." A ra'ayi ne mai sauki, amma da wuya!

Matar zanen Catherine Golubkina (1910-2004) nace cewa mijinta, wanda aiki aiki har shekaru da yawa boye a karkashin "classified," ya ce da Zuriyar waɗanda tare da wanda ya yi aiki gefe da gefe. Shahararren masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da roka da kuma sarari kimiyya, samar da baya ba a sani ba reshe na masana'antu.

Kafin mazaunan XXI karni zo da mafi muhimmanci da tunanin samuwar na masana'antu. Bayan karanta na farko girma, shi ne zai yiwu ya yi nazarin a daki-daki cikin shakka daga wani aiki duel dalilin: Soviet masana kimiyya da Birtaniya da kuma Amirka kwararru.

A cikin littafin yawan 2 Designer tattaunawa game da zafi lokaci ba wadda ta gabãta da ƙaddamar da wani kumbon sama jannati orbiting da Duniya a geocentric madawwama biyu (wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam), a kan flights daga dama na'urorin, a gaba ga wata, Venus, Mars. Quite 'yan shafukan mãsu lazimta a kansu da tarihi na "Gabas", dauke da cikin ba a sani ba nesa tafiya, Yuri Gagarin.

sako zuwa zuriyarsu

A cikin uku girma, Boris Chertok ya bayyana yadda a Soviet mutum ne wani majagaba a cikin halittar orbital tashoshin. A kasashen Yamma da Tarayyar Soviet da aka rubuta da yawa articles da littattafai a kan tarihin kasar na nasara gurguzanci sarari shirin. Akwai wani ra'ayi da cewa tunanin na Academician Boris Chertok zama mafi m, cikakken. A littafin "The roka da kuma mutumin" akai-akai Aka sake buga shi a cikin kasar da kuma kasashen waje.

A karshe, na huɗu monograph masanin kimiyya ne da wani m labarin game da shirin, rufe da zamani daga 1968 zuwa 1974, a lokacin da daya bayan wani bi nasarar jama'ar Amirka, a cikin binciken na Duniya ta kusa da tauraron dan adam - da Moon.

Daya daga cikin bayãnin hukuncin fasalulluka na wannan girma shi ne cikakken bayanin asalin Soviet aikin, wanda ya fara da za a aiwatar a cikin shekara ta 1970 tare da gina tashar sararin samaniya "Salyut" kuma ya ƙare tare da Multi-module "Mir" hadaddun (1980).

A mafi abin tunawa surori alaka da bala'i na "Soyuz-11", wanda ya kashe cosmonauts Dobrovolsky, Volkov da Patsaev. A littafin ƙare da bayanin ƙarshen N-1 shirin da kuma haihuwar da ISS "Energia-Buran" a karkashin Glushko. Yana kama da tunanin haske game da harkokin siyasa, fasaha, da kuma na sirri rikice-rikice a lokacin da Soviet sarari shirin da aka at ta Zenith.

A dubu biyu da tara, da farko tashar na Rasha talabijin shirya wani farko na wani shirin TV Roskosmos "Boris Chertok. Harbe a sararin samaniya. " A babban mutum, mariƙin na da yawa awards, da lamiri na duk injiniyoyi na zamani zamanin, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, da aka mãsu gaskiya, ba tare da rauni kowa, ba demeaning, da tunani game da rayuwa da kuma abubuwan. A karshe frame, ya nemi afuwa ga matasa, masana kimiyya da cewa ya tsara ba ajiye mai girma da iko - Tarayyar Soviet.