Taimako zuwa Biology Karla Linneya (takaice). Abin da taimako ga ci gaban ilmin halitta Karl Linney gabatar?

Fice masanin kimiyya Karl Linney aka haife shi a 1707 a Sweden. A mafi girma a san shi da tsarin na rarrabuwa Rayayye duniya. Da shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga dukkan ilmin halitta. The bincike tafiya mai yawa a duniya. Gudunmawar Karla Linneya a ilmin halitta ne kuma bayyana a cikin definition of dama da muhimmanci Concepts da kuma sharuddan.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Interest a tsire-tsire da kuma dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya kadan Karl bayyana a cikin sosai farkon yara. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa mahaifinsa ya kula da masu zaman kansu lambu a cikin backyard. The yaro ne don haka m na shuke-shuke da aka nuna a cikin karatu. Uwãyensa sun kasance daga iyalan firistoci. Duka da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa ya so ya zama fasto Carl. Duk da haka, da bad dan karatu tauhidin. Maimakon haka, sai ya ciyar kayayyakin lokaci karatu shuke-shuke.

Iyaye da farko wary dauki ayukan hutu ɗa. Amma a karshen su amince a kan gaskiyar cewa Carl tafi karatu a likita. A 1727 ya kasance a cikin University of Lund, da kuma a shekara daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa University of Uppsala, wanda ya fi girma, kuma mafi babbar. Akwai ya gana da Bitrus Artedi. Sun boys sun zama mafi kyau abokai. Tare da suke yi bita na data kasance rarrabuwa a kimiyya.

Har ila yau, Karl Linney suka saba da Farfesa Olof Celsius. Wannan taron shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga matasa masanin kimiyya. Celsius ya zama abokin da taimako a wuya sau. Gudunmawar Karla Linneya a ilmin halitta kammala ba fãce yanã a cikin daga baya, ko da a cikin matasa aiki. Alal misali, a cikin wadannan shekaru, ya wallafa farko monograph, wanda aka keɓe wa jima'i tsarin na shuke-shuke.

tafiya halittu

A 1732 Karl Linney tafi Lapland. Wannan tafiya aka m da dama a raga. The masanin kimiyya so wadãtar da su da ilmi na m gwaninta. Irfanin aiki da kuma dogon bincike a cikin hukuma ganuwar iya ba dore har abada.

Lapland - matsananci arewacin lardin na Finland, wadda a wancan lokaci shi ne wani ɓangare na Sweden. The musamman da suka bambanta da wannan ƙasar da aka rare Flora da fauna ba a sani ba zuwa ga talakawa da Turawa na zamanin. Linnaeus kadai domin watanni biyar tafiya a kan m baki, da yin bincike a kan shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da kuma ma'adanai. A sakamakon haka shi da wani imbin tafiya herbarium tattara ta halittu. Mutane da yawa daga cikin farfado ne na musamman da ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya. Karl Linney fara siffarsu daga karce. Wannan kwarewa taimake shi a nan gaba. Bayan da balaguro, ya buga da dama ayyukan kishin yanayi, da shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da sauransu .. Wadannan wallafe sun kasance musamman rare a Sweden. Godiya ga Carl Linnaeus kasar iya koya da yawa game da kaina.

Yana da alaka da cewa masana kimiyya ya buga ethnographic kwatancin rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma al'adu na Sami. Ware mutane rayu da ƙarni a cikin Far Arewa, kusan babu lamba tare da sauran wayewa. Mutane da yawa na Linnaeus bayanin kula ne musamman ban sha'awa a yau kamar yadda wani asali rai na nan zaune a Arewa a baya.

Abubuwan Sami, shuke-shuke, bawo da kuma ma'adanai tattara a cikin tafiya, ya zama tushen da m tarin na masanin kimiyya. Ta bayansa har sai da ya rasu. Bayan kasance a sassa daban-daban na duniya, ya ko'ina tattara kayayyakin gargajiya wanda ake sa'an nan a hankali adana. Shi ne game da 19 dubu shuke-shuke, kwari, 3000, daruruwan ma'adanai, bawo da murjãni. Wannan wasiyya nuna yadda mai girma da taimako Karla Linneya a ilmin halitta (musamman domin shekaru).

"A tsarin yanayi"

A 1735, "The tsarin yanayi" da aka buga a cikin Netherlands. Wannan aiki na Linnaeus ne da babban abin yabo da kuma nasara. Ya raba yanayi zuwa dama sassa da kuma ya ba da rarrabuwa na dukan na rayuwa duniya. Zoological nomenclature samarwa a cikin goma edition na da yake rayuwa marubucin, ba da binomial kimiyya sunayen. Yanzu ana yin su ne a ko'ina. An rubuta su a Latin kuma nuna siffar da kuma irin dabba.

Ta hanyar wannan littafi a duk kimiyya (ba kawai a cikin ilmin dabbobi ko o) jinainai din Hanyar. Kowace dabba yana da halaye da cewa shi ne dangana ga mulkin (misali, dabbobi), kungiyar, HALITTAR, jinsunan da sauransu. D. The taimako Karla Linneya a ilmin halitta da wuya a overestimate. Kawai a lokacin da rai da marubucin, wannan littafi sau 13 (Fit tarawa da kuma haske kan) da aka buga.

"Shuka Species"

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da shuka ne na musamman so na Swedish masanin kimiyya. O ya horo, wanda sadaukar da ayyukansu Wurare da dama mai haske masu bincike, ciki har da Karl Linney. Taimako ga kimiyya da ilmin halitta halittu nuna a cikin littafinsa "Shuka jinsunan". Ta ya bayyana a buga a 1753 da kuma ya kasu kashi biyu kundin. Edition zama tushen duk m nomenclature a o.

Littafin ya ƙunshi cikakken kwatancin abin da jinsunan da aka sani zuwa kimiyya a wancan lokaci. Musamman da hankali da aka biya zuwa haihuwa tsarin (da pistil da stamen). The "shuka iri" binomial nomenclature an yi amfani da nasarar amfani a baya ayyukan masanin kimiyya. Bayan na farko bazawa bi ta wata biyu, wanda aka yi aiki kai tsaye Karl Linney. Taimako ga ilmin halitta, a takaice aka bayyana a cikin kowane littafi, kimiyya ta yi wannan musamman rare. Linnaeus bar wani galaxy na almajiran ci gaba da aiki na malamai tare da nasara. Alal misali, Karl Vildenov bayan marubucin mutuwa ya kara da cewa wannan littafin, bisa ga tsarin ci gaba da Swedish halittu. Abin da wani taimako ga ilmin halitta Karl Linney gabatar, da kuma a yau ne na asali ga wannan kimiyya.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A karshe shekaru ransa Karl Linney ya kusan unworkable. A 1774 ya faru da zub da jini a cikin kwakwalwa, saboda abin da mai bincike da aka jera shanyayye. Bayan na biyu bugun jini, ya rasa ya memory, kuma ya mutu jim kadan bayan haka. Wannan ya faru a 1778. A lokacin da rayuwar Linnaeus ya zama gane masanin kimiyya da kuma na kasa girman kai. Aka binne shi a cikin babban coci da Uppsala Cathedral, inda ya yi karatu a cikin matasa.

A karshe aiki na masana kimiyya ya zama wani Multi-girma edition da laccoci ga dalibai. Koyar da tabbatar da cewa Sphere wanda ya sadaukar da yawa lokaci da kuma kokarin Karl Linney. Taimako ga ilmin halitta (takaice san game da shi kowane ilimi mutum a cikin rayuwa na wani halittu) sanya masa suna, a wani m iri-iri na manyan cibiyoyin ilmi a Turai.

ban sha'awa facts

Bugu da kari to da ginshikin kasuwanci bincike kuma kishin kansa ga rarrabuwa na smells. Ya fara tsarin at bakwai babbar smells kamar cloves, Musk da t. D. Anders Tselsy, ya zama shahararren mahaliccin sikelin, bar baya da na'ura, wanda ya nuna 100 digiri a cikin sanyinsu na ruwa. Zero, a maimakon haka, nufin tafasa. Linnaeus, wanda sau da yawa amfani da sikelin dauke da cewa wannan wani zaɓi m. Ya "juya" shi. A wannan nau'i na sikelin wanzu a yau. Saboda haka, taimako Karla Linneya a ilmin halitta ci gaba - ba kawai abu da sanannen masanin kimiyya.