Avant-garde artists. Rasha avant-garde artists na karni na 20th

A farkon karni na ashirin a Rasha akwai daya daga cikin trends cewa ya dauka daga farkon zamani da aka mai suna "Rasha avant-garde." Zahiri shi sauti kamar avant - "gaban" da kuma garde - "tsaro", amma tare da fassarar lokaci ya wuce abin da ake kira zamani, da kuma kara matsayin "baraden". A gaskiya ma, cikin wadanda suka kafa wannan yunkuri ya zama Faransa avant-garde artists na karni na 19th cewa bayar da shawarwari musu da wani ka'idodin da suke da asali ga dukan lokaci da wanzuwar art. Babban manufar avant-garde artists ne negation of hadisai da kuma rasa rubutu dokokin da m fasaha.

Vanguard kuma tafarkinsa

Rasha avant-garde - mai hade da Rasha hadisin da wasu daga cikin dabarun na yammacin Turai zane-zane. A Rasha avant-garde artists - wadanda suka rubuta a cikin m style of Suprematism, Constructivism da Cubo-Futurism. A gaskiya, wadannan hudu ne babban trends da avant-garde trends.

• Abstractionist lokacin rubuta takardun ba musamman da hankali ga launi da kuma siffar. Da ake ji da su, sun halitta mai yawan kungiyoyin. The kafa wannan yunkuri a Rasha ya Kandinsky, da kuma ƙarshe ya aka goyan bayan Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Tasowa da ra'ayoyi na abstraction, Malevich halitta wani for - Suprematism. A farko yanar gizo na wannan Trend - "Black Square". A sahun gaba na hade da siffofi da launuka za a yi ba ga Ya halitta hoto. Suprematist ideas vividly bayyana a cikin ayyukan avant-garde artists A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• Dalili na sanyata ideas ne images of samar da kayan aiki. Cikin wadanda suka kafa wannan yunkuri ne avant-garde artists na karni na 20th V. Tatlin da E. Lissitzky.
• A cakuda Faransa Cubism da Italian Futurism ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani a cikin: Cubo. A aikin da za'ayi a cikin wannan style, fitaccen abstracts siffofi da kuma launi haduwa da suke ba su saba da art na lokaci. Fice wakilan Rasha Cubo-Futurism zama avant-garde artists Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

M siffofin da ilmi na avant-garde

Domin da avant-garde ƙungiyoyi ne halin da wasu daga cikin siffofin da rarrabe shi daga sauran yankunan:

• Garde maraba da duk wani al'umma canje-canje, kamar juyin juya hali.
• Gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu halayyar wani shubuha, misali, rationality da irrationality.
• LURA, sha'awa da kuma girmamawa ga kimiyya da ci gaban fasaha.
• New siffofin, hanyoyin da wajen, ba a baya amfani a cikin art duniya.
• Complete kin amincewa da Fine Arts Sabunta karni.
• Musu ko yarda da hadisi, ya kafa harsashin ginin zanen.
• Gwaje-gwajen da siffofi, launuka da tabarau.

Wassily Kandinsky

All avant-garde artists na karni na 20th ne "yara" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, wanda shi ne ya kafa na avant-garde a Rasha. Dukan aikin da aka raba 3, saukarwa:

• A Munich lokaci Kandinsky aiki a kan shimfidar wurare, da samar da irin wannan Masterpieces a matsayin "The Blue Rider", "Gateway", "Gulf Coast a Netherlands", "Tsohon Town".
• Moscow lokaci. Mafi shahara zane-zane na "Amazon" lokacin da "Amazon a kan duwatsu."
• Bauhaus da kuma Paris. A da'irar da aka yi amfani da mafi sau da yawa fiye da sauran lissafi siffofi da kuma tabarau ayan zama sanyi da kuma kwantar da hankula sautunan. Works wannan lokaci ne "Kananan hangen nesa a cikin ja", "Abun da ke ciki Sabunta», «Kananan halittu", "Yellow Sound", "Zato".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich aka haife shi a Fabrairu 1879 a Kiev a Polish iyali. A karo na farko a cikin rawar da artist, ya yi kokarin hannunsa a shekaru 15 da haihuwa lokacin da ya ba da wani sa na Paints. Tun daga nan, ga Malevich shi ya fi muhimmanci kula da harkokin zanen. Amma iyaye na bai raba babbar sha'awa ɗan kuma nace a kan samun karin tsanani da kuma garabasa sana'a. Saboda haka Malevich shiga agronomic makaranta. Isa a Kursk a 1896, ya sa idon sani da Leo Kvachevskim, an artist wanda da shawara Casimir je karatu a Moscow. Abin baƙin ciki, Malevich sau biyu kasa shigar da Moscow School of zanen. Ya fara koyon fasaha a Rerberg wanda ba kawai sanar da matasa artist, amma kuma ya kula da a kowane yiwu hanya: shirya nune-nunen da aikinsa, ya gabatar da shi ga jama'a. Dukansu farkon da kuma marigayi ayyuka da Malevich - a ƙawa da tausaya. Kamar sauran Rasha avant-garde artists na karni na 20th, sai ya tara aikinsa jin kunya da alfãsha, amma hoton hadawa irony da kuma thoughtfulness. A 1915, Malevich aka gabatar wa jama'a a jerin zane-zane a cikin style of avant-garde, cikin shahararrun daga gare su - "Black Square". Daga cikin mutane da yawa da ayyuka na biyu da magoya da avant-garde artists gudummawar "A wasu m-manufar", "Allahi. Society a cylinders, "" Sisters, "" tufafi a kan shinge "," jiki "," Gardener "," Church "," Biyu Dryads, "" kubofuturisticheskogo abun da ke ciki. "

Mikhail Larionov

Ya yi karatu a Moscow School of zanen, sassaka da Architecture. Ya malamai suna da irin shahara artists kamar yadda Korovin, Levitan, Serov. A farkon ayyukan Larionov ya bi sawun rubutu muhimmi kerawa Nesterova da Kuznetsova, wanda aka ba avant-garde artists kuma su zane-zane ba su kasance a wannan Trend. Halin da Larionov da bangarori kamar jama'a art, m. Skips soja rubutu, misali, "vacationers sojoji" da kuma ka'idar manufa kyakkyawa, hasken a cikin film "Venus" da "Katsapskaya Venus." Kamar sauran Soviet avant-garde artists, Larionov dauki bangare a cikin nuni "Jaka ta Tail" da "Jack na Diamonds."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova aka asali karatu sassaka, da kuma kawai daga baya ya koma a kan su zanen. Ta farko shawarta ya Korovin, da kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin ta ya yarda da nuni da zane-zane a cikin ruhu na Impressionism. shi ne sai ya tãyar da jigogi na baƙauye art da kuma hadisai na da mabambantan mutane da yanayi dazamani. Wannan ya sa a cikin zargin da irin fina-finan a matsayin "masu bishara", "Harvest", "Uwar", "Runaround". A embodiment na da ra'ayin wani m a kan zane art fara zanen "orchids" da "annuri furannin"

Olga Rozanova

Kamar mafi yawan artists, Rozanov bayan da makaranta zo a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauran artists. Avant-garde artists ci matasa talented yarinya a harkokin rayuwar jama'a, kuma domin da shekaru 10 ta ya halarci babban adadin nune-nunen da kuma ya bayar da wani yawa na littattafan da plays. Rozanov ya tafi, ta hanyar da dama, saukarwa daga aiki, canza salon da shugabanci.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

Creative hanyar Ivana Klyuna abruptly canza bayan ganawa da Malevich. Ko kafin ganawa da shi Faransa artist karatu zanen da ya ziyarci nuni "Jack na Diamonds." Bayan wani banrazana taron Kliun ƙara wa tarin zane-zane ta hanyar "Gramophone", "butar" da "gudãna a cikin wuri mai faɗi." More kwanan nan aikin da artist kashe a cikin style of alama da zanen, samar da hotuna, Genre qagaggun, har yanzu rayuwa, hoto.

Alexandra Exter

Exter zama wani artist saboda tafiya zuwa Paris, inda rabo kawo ta ga irin wannan duniya-mashahuri artists kamar Picasso, da Yakubu, Braque, Apollinaire, tsakanin wanda aka da avant-garde.
Bayan wani tafiya Exter fara rubuta impressionistic style da kuma sakamakon da aikin shi ne zanen "Duk da haka rayuwa tare da gilashin fure da furanni" da kuma "The uku mace Figures." A tsawon lokaci, da aikin ya zama na fili pointillism da cubism. Alexander ya gabatar da zane-zane a nune-nunen. Daga baya, da artist ya kebe wani lokaci mai tsawo da kuma wadanda ba alama qagaggun fentin fuska, lampshades, matasan kai, kazalika da zane na Theatrical productions.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin fara karatu a cikin Moscow School of zanen, sassaka da Architecture, sa'an nan - a Penza Art College. Amma a cikin ra'ayi na m gibba da matalauta ilimi yi, ya aka fitar da su, ba tare da samun wani diploma. A shekara ta 1914 Tatlin ya nuna ayyukansa a nuni "Jack na Diamonds" da "Jaka ta Tail". A general, ya zane-zane suna da alaka da kama kifi weekdays. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin canji na shugabanci taka gamuwa da Picasso ya bayan ta Tatlin fara haifar da Cubist a style "Larionov tasiri." HalittarSa daidai da tsarin, kunsha na itace, da na baƙin ƙarfe ne da karfe domin asali shakka a Rasha constructivist avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Domin da farko lokacin da tam tare da zanen Lissitzky ci karo a cikin Yahudawa al'umma ƙarfafawa daga Arts, inda ya yi aiki tun 1916. A wannan lokacin, ya ba kawai kwatanta Yahudawa jarida, amma kuma rayayye halarci nune-nunen da aka yi a birnin Moscow, kuma Kiev. marubucin aikin daidaituwa hada handwritten littattafan da miriskusnicheskie jadawalin. Bayan isowa a Vitebsk Lissitzky m sha'awar kerawa, shi shirya littattafai da posters. Ale ne brainchild na "Proun" - ta fuska uku siffofi, wanda su ne tushen ga furniture samarwa ko da a yau.

Lyubov Popova

Kamar mafi yawan artists, Popov ya dauki wani multistep hanyar samuwar: ta farkon ayyukan da aka yi a cikin style of Cézanne, kuma daga baya ya bayyana siffofin na Cubism, Fauvism da Futurism. Popov gane duniya a matsayin wani babban har yanzu-rai, da kuma canjawa wuri shi da zane a cikin nau'i na hoto images. Musamman hankali ne ya biya son sauti na launuka. Wannan ya bambanta ta aiki daga aikin Malevich. Bi zane Theatrical productions, Popov ya yi amfani da style of "Art Deco", wanda ya hada da avant-garde da kuma na zamani. The artist ya peculiar hada incongruous, misali, tare da Renaissance Cubism da kuma Rasha iconography.

Da muhimmancin da Rasha avant-garde a tarihin

Mutane da yawa avant-garde aukuwa har yanzu amfani da zamani zane-zane, duk da cewa shi da kansa a matsayin sahun gaba ga dade sosai dogon. Babban dalilin da rushewar ne a mahara kwatance, wanda Ya halitta avant-garde artists. Vanguard Art sanya shi yiwuwa a ci gaba daukar hoto fim, kuma a yarda a ci gaba da sabon siffofin, ta kusance da kuma mafita a warware m matsaloli.