Auren. Mendel ta farko dokar

M na Czech asalin, Gregor Mendel, a cikin shekaru 1856-1866 gudanar da gwaje-gwajen, wanda baya zama yadu da aka sani. A sakamakon bincikensa haife wani sabon kimiyya - itatuwa aure. Na asali zuwa ta ci gaba ne na farko da dokar na Mendel. A fis aka zaba a matsayin samfur lambu. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar da yawa iri da bayyana bambanci tsakanin a kan wasu filaye. Bugu da kari, wadannan tsire-tsire ne da sauki girma da kuma hybridize. A sakamakon hankali shiryawa gwajen datsa su dauke da fitar, kazalika da manyan yawan abin dogara ilimin kididdiga data aka samu dakin gwaje-gwaje gwajen. A sakamakon haka ne na farko da zai bude farko dokar Mendel, sa'an nan gaba.

Jigon da gwaji

Saboda haka, a cikin mafi daki-daki game da yadda da farko Shari'ar Mendel da aka bude. A farkon binciken da aka zaba shuke-shuke da ciwon jinsin bambance-bambance ga wani biyu daga ãyõyi: misali, da tsari na furanni - apical ko axillary. Girma kowane irin a cikin 'yan zamaninsu, Mendel ya lura da suitability don amfani a gwaji dalilai. A gwaje-gwajen kunshi a mararraba ta canja hirtsinta na daya shuka zuwa wani. M gwaji sakamakon da aka samu godiya ga m kiyaye da wani yawan riƙi shirinku. A musamman, da stamens daga furanni da cewa suna pollinated, baya cire, sa musamman iyakoki a cikin furanni don kauce wa da canja wurin da pollen daga sauran shuke-shuke.

A gwaji sakamakon

Daga cikin tattara matasan tsaba a duk lokuta, shuke-shuke da axillary furanni. Wannan yanayin ya zama rinjaye. A gaban apical furanni da aka dauka a matsayin wani recessive hali. Bayan da gwaninta na ƙarni na farko na shuke-shuke da aka bar for kai-pollination. A sakamakon hybrids kasance wani ɓangare na axillary da apical furanni. A karkashin zato na Mendel, na biyu da irin da aka ba a ƙarni na farko. Duk da haka, da magana daga wannan hali ya kasa. Wannan shi ne, shi da aka nuna a boye form. A gudanar da wadannan gwaje-gwajen da wasu alamu na biyu, kamar uku bariki hybrids da halaye, wanda ya bayyana a cikin ƙarni na farko. Da rubu'in daga zurriyar a lokacin da 2nd iyali samu shuke-shuke ya Properties ba gano a cikin 1st. Abin da ya fi na wani gwaji, da more sakamakon da gabatowa da wani rabo na 3: 1. Na farko dokar Mendel da aka kaddamar a wadannan karatu.

binciken

A nazari da halaye na ketare shuke-shuke - mahaifa samfurori ba biyu irin wannan alamar - hybrids samu bisa ga daya daga hereditary dalilai. A Properties na ƙarni na farko na zuriya ba garwaya tẽku, da kuma kula da individuality. A sakamakon haka, bincike da aka tattara m bayanai don Mendel ta farko dokar da aka janye. Its halitta ne kamar haka: "Su ãyõyi aka ƙaddara daga kwayoyin da biyu daga ciki dalilai (genes). A karo na biyu ƙarni, samu da monohybrid mararraba, kamar kwata na yara da recessive halaye ". Ya kamata a lura cewa farko da na biyu Shari'ar Mendel da aka ba da farko ya yarda da kimiyya al'umma. Daga baya a cikin aikin na sauran masana kimiyya, wadannan kayan abinci da aka tabbatar da sake. A sakamakon haka, sabon bincike da aka kafa chromosome ka'idar gadar hali.