Asalin karnuka: tarihi da ban sha'awa facts

Hudu kananan kafafu, abokai - wani ɓangare na rayuwar mu. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin yadda zai Adam ya rayu ba tare da irin wannan aminci da wasu mataimaka. Asalin karnuka - a tambaya ga wanda akwai har yanzu babu bayyana amsar. Akwai da yawa versions, yi fiye da dubu kayyade gwaje-gwajen da kuma Nazarin, amma tambaya har yanzu ya kasance a bude. Ka yi kokarin fahimtar akwai wani jarrabawa da kuma gano dalilin da ya sa a kusa da domestication na mu hudu kananan kafafu, abokai da yawa asĩri.

Ka'idar juyin halitta

Kare - a predatory dabba bace canine. Kamar yadda ka'idar juyin halitta, a cikin na farko epoch na Paleogene - Paleocene (miliyan 50 da suka wuce) akwai riga wani detachment na ganima, wanda, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi biyu suborders: feliformia da caniformia. Daya daga cikin na farko wakilan na biyu suborder yi imani da irin wannan dabba kamar progesperotsion. Bayan hankali dauke ta burbushin, za mu iya cewa ya kasance kamar wani kare ne, mai fadi da bakinka, kaifi hakora, high kafafu, dogon jiki. A tsawon lokaci, da suborder ne har yanzu zuwa kashi uku kungiyoyin.

Na farko da kungiyar hada wakilan zuriyarsa progesperotsiona biyu - borophagus iyali, kuma na uku - kerkẽci. Da shi shi ne na karshe iyali na asalin da karnuka suna a hankali alaka, domin, a cewar ka'idar juyin halitta, mu hudu kananan kafafu, abokai dauki shi daga Wolves.

zaton Darwin

Darwin da balaguro a jirgin cikin "Beagle," a yarda da shi don tafiya zuwa kasashe daban-daban. Ya, kamar kowa, ya yi karatu asalin da karnuka da kokarin gano gaskiya. Darwin samu wani ban sha'awa juna, abin da yake cewa da breeds na karnuka a wasu yankunan suna kama a su waje fasali a kan zaune a can cikin HALITTAR Wolves. Alal misali, a daya yankin da gida kare ya sosai kama da Foxes zaune a can, da kuma sauran - a kan na diloli. A fagage daban-daban a zahiri rayu jinsi na kare da kama da gida da yara.

Alal misali, wasu malaman yi imani cewa asalin da karnuka saboda gaskiyar cewa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na uncontrolled kiwo faru crossbreeding dabbobi daban daban: Foxes, Wolves, wurin zaman diloli, coyotes (domin kowane wakilin 39 nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes, sun iya zahiri zama wani matasan ƙarni). A sakamakon haka, kowane irin ya raba kamance da cewa ko wasu ra'ayoyi, amma a lokaci guda muhimmanci daban-daban daga gare shi. Amma gaske, wasu breeds suna kama da Foxes, diloli da kuma wasu a kan. Kuma idan muka ƙara da wannan zabin da kuma wucin gadi selection, yana yiwuwa cewa asalin jinsunan na karnuka ake dangantawa da mararraba na dabbobi da wannan iyali.

An madadin view

Duk da cewa da kare har yanzu tana nufin Wolves hankali, wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa shi ya zo daga "prasobaki". Zai yiwu 30-40 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, akwai wani rukuni na yara, wanda shi ne asalin gida kare. Akwai shaida da cewa a cikin tono kasusuwan na na zamanin d dabbobi, kamar karnuka da aka samu. Duk da haka, wani kimiyya tushe da kuma shaida wannan ra'ayi ba ya wanzu.

A phenotype na karnuka da kare kiwo

Kamar yadda muka gani, tarihin asalin karnuka ba cikakken gane. Yana da wuya a ce tare da cikakken daidaito, daga wanda suka samo asali. Amma ko da mafi ban sha'awa shi ne wucin gadi selection da kuma kiwo. Akwai game da hudu daban-daban breeds na karnuka. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a tsawo, nauyi, launi, siffar kunnuwa da wutsiya, da kuma da yawa wasu alamomi na domestication.

An aiki wanda babban makasudin shi ne asali da kuma inganta breeds na karnuka kira karnuka. Zababben nunawa ne da farko dangane da manufa kau da wani jinsi na kare da. Akwai fannoni uku: na ado, farauta da sabis. Ga kowane akwai wasu bukatun: nauyi, tsawo, shugaban, fuska, hanci, da dai sauransu

ban sha'awa bayanai

The karami irin na kare - shi ne, ba shakka, Chihuahua. Daya daga cikin wakilan littafi littafi weighs 600 grams, kuma yana da tsawo na 10 santimita. Chuhuahua - cute dabba abõkinsa. Su ne sosai m, m, kuma m. Amma mafi girma a kare (Great Dane irin) - Zeus, a ci gaban da 110 cm da wani nauyi na game da 70 kg. Wannan giant irin na kare ne sosai dadi da kuma m, amma kawai a game da masu. Wakilai daga wannan nau'in sau da yawa ake horar da matsayin shugaban matsaransa.

Asalin kalmar "kare" kuma an rufe shi da wani yawa na fake da asirai. A Rasha, shi ya bayyana a cikin 12th karni. Akwai da yawa versions game da asalin kalmar. Wani yana zaton cewa shi ya zo daga Turkic "Kobyak", wanda fassara a matsayin "kiwo a gida dabbobi." A tsawon lokaci, da Slavs juya shi a cikin wani mafi saukin da sunan "kare". More kimiyya version, wanda ayan malamai kamar Miller da Vasmer, ya ta'allaka ne da cewa da kalmar "kare" da aka samu daga Iran sabāka, wanda fassara a matsayin "m." "Kare" ko "Hort" har 12th karni da aka kira da dabba. Kuma shi ne mai ban sha'awa cewa "kare" da aka yi amfani da karnuka da lokacin farin ciki gashi, amma "Hort", a akasin haka, domin hairless breeds.