Arthur Schnitzler: biography, kerawa, play

Arthur Schnitzler - da aka sani Austria marubuci kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, domin ta shahara shahara plays da kuma litattafan, wanda sun dade tun zama wani classic na duniya wallafe-wallafe. Aikinsa ne sosai multifaceted, don haka da yawa masu bincike da wahala a kayyade da shugabanci ga wanda shi ne ke da. Marubucin na aikin shi ne musamman mai ban sha'awa domin su za a iya amfani domin sanin Jihar adabi a nuna na 19-20 ƙarni.

Early aiki

Arthur Schnitzler aka haife shi a Vienna a 1862 zuwa wata Yahudawa iyali. Mahaifinsa likita, da kuma wani saurayi, wadannan misali da iyaye, ya shiga Medical Faculty na Moscow University. Domin shekaru da dama ya yi aiki a matsayin psychoanalyst, ya yi aiki a mahaifinsa asibitin, kuma ko da tsunduma a kimiyya aiki. Duk da haka, jin wani amfani a adabi da wasan kwaikwayo, shi ke kyawawan zarar watsi da al'adar magani da kuma fara rubuta. Fame je masa a lokaci daya. A farko, ayyukansa ko dai kada a gane ko sa karfi rashin biyan bukata da dama wallafe-wallafen sukar.

Duk da haka, ta farkon yakin duniya na farko, Arthur Schnitzler zama quite da kyau a san a cikin m kawo dukkan. Aikinsa a farko ya daga cikin siffofin zamani. A marubuci ya fara da halittar daya-yi kwaikwaiyo, wanda suka shahara a nuna na ƙarni. "Anatole" (1893) - shi ne labarin da mawãƙi, dandy, wanda yake a cikin m search na kansa, kuma nasa m hanya. Ya na fitad da wani wajen rago rai, wanda shi ne wani jerin soyayya harkokin da Kasadar. Ya aka yi tsayayya da zuwa siffar abokinsa Max - haukata da kuma natsuwa tattaunawa mutumin da yayi masa aboki daga kugìyàr kuma lokaci-lokaci yakan taimaka masa a cikin rikice-rikice da mata. Anatole ne kullum yaudararsu yan uwa, amma a lokaci guda kuma ya ne sau da yawa cheated - a motif halayyar da marubuci ta aiki.

Taken zamani al'umma

Arthur Schnitzler biya mai girma da hankali ga image na zamani al'umma. A nuna na karni daga cikin kawo dukkan, akwai wani yanayi na gloom da kuma yanke ƙauna saboda rikicin na al'adu rai. All fili sanya kansu ji tara saba wa juna a cikin daular, wanda shi ne mai motley conglomeration al'umma sõyayya kawai ƙasa. A siga siyasa halin da ake ciki ya shafa da wallafe-wallafe. Sun marubuta sun ƙara nuna wajen lalacewar high jama'a, da fadada dabi'un daga cikin wakilan. A lokaci guda shi ya fara wasa da wani babban rawa soyayya jigo. Schnitzler Arthur ya ba ta quite mai yawa da hankali. A cikin play "hikaya" da "Flirt", ya koma zuwa ga jigo na ci amanar soyayya, da nuna bala'i a kan misali na da rabo daga wani actress da kuma sauki kasar yarinya.

Popularity a Rasha

A marubuci ya zama shahararren a cikin kasar bayan buga littafinsa "The leftana Gustloff '(1901). Wannan aiki shi ne tushen daban-daban daga abin da ya rubuta kafin: wannan labari ne da ciki monologue na protagonist, wanda shi ne saboda karo da wani komai a tuya a cikin miya dakin na concert zauren ne fuskantar wani hadari na motsin zuciyarmu. Ya ga shi a matsayin cin mutumci da cewa ya} ashin ga dukan sarkar na tattaunawa da wannan hali.

Ya bambanta da na baya ayyukan marubucin, wannan labarin ba shi da wani fayyace mãkirci tsarin da mãkirci. Kamar yadda wani marubuci Keen a kan psychoanalytic ka'idar Freud, ya biya mai girma da hankali ga bayanin wani tunanin irin abubuwan da ya haruffa. Saboda haka, marubucin a cikin wannan kasar ta sau da yawa aka kwatanta da Dostoevsky da Chekhov, wanda mai yiwuwa ya bayyana dalilin da shahararsa a Rasha. Mutane da yawa sukar, mawaƙanku ma suka rubuta articles da kuma sake dubawa na ayyukan da ya yi, wadda ya nuna wani tsanani sha'awa a cikin kasa kawo dukkan a cikin aikinsa (Blok, Tsvetaeva, Trotsky).

A flowering na litattafan

A cikin shekaru goma na karni na 19th kuma farkon karni na 20th marubuci, ya zama da aka sani a matsayin talented marubuci da a saki short labaru. Daya daga cikinsu, "Matar da Sage," gaya labarin da wani sabon abu da labarin soyayya cewa ya faru tsakanin gwarzo da wata budurwa, wanda, duk da haka, shi ne ya m. Labarin zai fara da lokacin da ya dauki shekaru da dama bayan taron. A gwarzo zo zuwa ga makõma kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya gana da mace ya sau daya kaunace, amma aka tilasta musu gudu domin tsoron yin kama da mijinta. A magana da ita, ya sami fitar da cewa mijinta ya gafarta mata, kuma ta bai fahimci wannan, kuma ci gaba da rayuwa da mafarki na soyayya. A hankali ya fara gane abin da ke faruwa a matsayin mafarki - babban motif a cikin aikin na marubuci, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Freud theories. A wannan girmamawa, marubucin ne m ga Viennese impressionists. Daga cikin da ya fi shahara litattafan ayyukan za a iya gano kamar "Teresa", "Frau Karin da ɗanta."

Babban jigogi

Daya daga cikin shahararrun marubuta na 20th karni ya Arthur Schnitzler. "Zagaye Dance" - aiki ne da ya zama tsantsa daga aikinsa. Duk da haka, soyayya matsalar warware su a Freud, kuma impressionist jijiya, giciye-yanke theme gudanar ta hanyar duk abin da ya rubuta. Duk da heroes ayan je ta wurin gwajin wannan ƙullenku. A cikin ayyukan marubuta intertwine m, romantic da naturalistic motifs, da karshen fili fi yawa. Marubucin yana biya na musamman da hankali ga cikakken bayanin da alatu na high jama'a, wanda ya jaddada ruhaniya karkatar m manyansu da kuma gaye beauties.

haramta play

Impressionism wani real master of Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", a takaice na wanda quite uncomplicated, ya zama mafi rigima daga cikin ayyukansa. Marubucin ya sake nanata kira ga bayanin amorous Kasadar da ta heroes, amma idan a farkon soyayya line ci gaba kan bango bayanin zamantakewa gaskiya, wanda kuma ya shagaltar da wani muhimmin wuri a cikin aikin na marubuci, shi ne a yanzu ya mayar da hankali na musamman a kan bincike na amorous Kasadar na heroes, kuma aka bayyana su Kasadar a wani sosai naturalistic fom . Nan za ka iya ganin rinjayar da sanannen Faransa mawallafin GI De Maupassant. A jama'a da aka outraged da wani mayẽwa daga bayyane scenes, wanda, a gaskiya, zarcewa da abun ciki na wasa. Babu bayyana labarin, marubucin ya bayyana a 'yan amorous ci karo da wani iri-iri characters na lakabi da kadarori.

labarin

Arthur Schnitzler, "love dance" wanda ya zama tsakiyar samfurin a cikin aikinsa, ya zama shahararren matsayin dabara psychologist, wanda ya iya sosai daidai kai na karbar ƙungiyoyi da kuma motsin zuciyarmu daga cikin haruffa. A wannan wasa nuna mafi halayyar fasali na kerawa na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo,: gunki na karkata na zamani da al'umma, karkatar kyawawan dabi'u da kuma kyawawan dabi'u swagger. A cikin aikin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne da wani jami'in, a titi yarinya, mawãƙi, actress, matasa mace, saurayi, wani m jadawali. Marubucin ko da yaushe kokarin nuna wakilan daban-daban kadarori da kuma azuzuwan da kuma mi hali a yanayi daban-daban. A farkon taron faruwa a cikin dare birni, a kan bankunan na Danube, sa'an nan marubucin yana canjawa wuri zuwa na zama yankunan, ta kwatanta duhu dakin inda biyu sadu da sake.

Features

A samfurin na "Runaround" (play da Austria marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Artura Shnitslera) tsiwirwirinsu notoriety sun fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa marubucin yana ma ya fito fili ya nuna erratic amorous Kasadar na heroes. The masu sauraro samu shi maras ɗa'a, kuma m aiki, ko da yake wasu sinimomi har yanzu kokarin sa shi. A wannan lokaci, wani marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, mayar da hankali kawai a kan cynical image na soyayya - ya bai tausasa Paint a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ba hali, wanda ina son zuwa empathize ko nuna juyayi. A cikin aikinsa akwai kome rai-tsantsan ko haske, babu wani halin kirki, ko da'a ra'ayin da ta sa wasa sosai pessimistic da kuma damuwa. Ba mamaki, wasan kwaikwayon na "Runaround" a kan play da Artura Shnitslera bayyana scandalous. The masu sauraro ba ya so ya dauki labarin, shi ya zo ma kafin scene suka jefa hayaki da bama-bamai. Kuma a yau, wannan aiki ana riskarsa musamman rigima saboda ta rigima batu.

da yaki da shekaru

A play "Runaround" Artura Shnitslera ne mai bayanin da amorous Kasadar na heroes da dama sunayen sarauta, azuzuwan da shekaru daban-daban. Wannan batu ne tsakiyar wa almarar, inda ya ta da dabara m analysis yunkurin bayyana dalilinsa na so na soyayya. Duk da haka, da yaki ya mai tsanani buga masa, kuma shi zai shafi aikin. Marubucin ya fara rubuta kasa kuma duk da haka halitta daya daga cikin mafi wurin hutawa ayyukansu - labari "The Return of Casanova," wanda ya gaya labarin daga cikin shahararrun lover of tsufa, ba wanda ya so ya riƙi da matsayi da kuma fara yin gasa da matasa leftana, wanda bai kai shi tsanani. A cikin wadannan shekaru, da haske ya fita daga cikin litattafen, musamman da muqala "The matasa lady Elsa."

A marubuci sake koma ga ya fi so na'urar - ciki monologue na heroine, ta hanyar abin da mai karatu yake iya fahimta ta tunani. A yarinya, 'yar wani nasara lauya, ba zato ba tsammani san mahaifinsa cikinsa halakakke ne, kuma wannan bashi himmatuwa ya zuwa tsanani shafi tunanin mutum da hasashe yadda za a taimaka wa iyaye, wanda ya nemi ta taimako. A tunaninsa, ta model da kayayyaki da dama yanayi, yana magana ne tare da idon sani, da kuma ta haka ne, labarin ya jũya a cikin wani fili na can ciki monologue na heroine.

'yan shekarun nan

Bayan yaki da rushewar da Austro-Hungarian Empire, marubucin zauna gaskiya to ya fi so jigogi image na pre-yaki rayuwa. Saboda haka, a cikin gajeren labarin "The wasan alfijir," protagonist, Lieutenant, yadda za a rehabilitate da haihuwa Austria sojojin. Duk da haka, marubucin tsanani gane rushewar daular da kuma kawo canji, a tsohon tushe da kuma salon rayuwa. A lokaci guda akwai wani bala'i ya na sirri rayuwa. 'Yarsa aure, a wata sosai matasa shekaru kashe kansa, wanda zuwansa da gaggãwa da mutuwar marubucin. Ya rasu a bugun jini a 1931.

darajar

Litattafan da wasan kwaikwayo zauna wani shahararren wuri a duniya wallafe-wallafe. Daya-yi kwaikwaiyo, short labaru, litattafan Schnitzler zama alama taron a al'adu rai na Turai juya na karni. Wasu masu bincike sun nasaba da ayyukansa tare da ayyukan da Impressionists da sauransu - da modernists. Ko ta wani hanya, amma ayyukansa masu ban sha'awa domin su nuna da rayuwa na zamani Hungarian jama'a, duka biyu mafi girma da kuma ƙananan.

Bugu da kari, ya gabatar da ra'ayi na adabi "ciki monologue", wanda yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da m Trend in litattafan. Ya lura da zinace ba kawai naturalistic, amma kuma m analysis. Sun fi mayar saboda wannan samu Turai fitarwa Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", da abun ciki wanda yake shi ne tarin soyayya scenes tsakanin mutane daban-daban - da mafi daukan hankali misali daga cikin play, ya nuna so marubucin ya bayyana da m al'amurran da mutum rayuwa.