Armoured jirgin kasa Railway tarihi, description, photo

Da mazan ƙarni na Russia ne ya kamata mu tuna da kalmomin da rare song sau daya: "Mu ne m mutane, amma mu sulke jirgin kasa tsaye a kan siding." Yana sulke tsarin - ba kawai fama naúrar, da kuma wata alama ce soja ikon jihar. Shin shi wani mãmãki, cewa a cikin kwanaki da kalmar ba ya rasa shahararsa, kuma sũ, ko da wani sosai sanannun bugu gidan mai suna. Armoured Train Railway - wani epoch a cikin tarihi da kuma cikin memory na shi da ya ƙi. Daga ina zo mana da sansanin soja a ƙafafun?

A farko-gwajen amfani da sulke jiragen kasa

A ra'ayin amfani da jirgin kasa a matsayin wani mobile manyan bindigogi baturi ya bayyana a Faransa a 1826, a lokacin da duniya ta ji labarai na halittar farko a Ingila Railroad. Amma babu daya tsanani shi ne ba ya mayar da martani, da jirgin kasa da aka farko jirgin kasa zo a cikin fadan kawai a 1848, lokacin da Austria sojojin ya kare babban birnin kasar daga Hungary.

Duk da haka, wannan kwarewa, ko nasara, da ba follow-up, da kuma cikakken gane ra'ayin da aka riga a cikin Amurka a kan teku a lokacin yakin basasa (1861-1865). Yana da aka qaddamar da American janar Rasha asalin Ivan Vasilevich Turchaninov, wanda aka fi sani da ya American sunan Dzhon Bezil Turchin.

Kafa Railway dandamali da kuma kayan aikin sosai gashi (rufe) na sandbags, ya ba zato ba tsammani farmaki dake kusa da reluwe waƙoƙi da matsayi na wani maƙiya sojojin 'yan Arewa. A sakamakon da aka haka saran cewa yin amfani da manyan bindigogi dandamali ya zama na yau da kullum yi, da kuma daga baya, a lokacin da jirgin kasa ya jirgin kasa da aka soma da yawa sojojin a duniya, sun zama wani ɓangare daga gare ta.

Kara raya sabuwar iri makamai

A Turai, da ra'ayin sheathe railcars makamai farantin, amma a ciki da wuri manyan bindigogi da kuma na'ura-gun lissafin je sama tare da Bafaranshen Mougins. Amma matsalar shi ne cewa kunkuntar-ma'auni Railways daga waɗanda shekaru kasance m ga Cunkoso a kan su qagaggun, kuma su yi amfani da mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan akwai wani dalili-gina hanya, yin shi da wuya a Project.

A cikin saba nau'i na wani sulke jirgin kasa Railway for mu, tarihin wanda a wannan lokacin kunshi kusan rabin karni, an yi amfani da Anglo-Boer War na 1899-1902. Borax ne yadu amfani yaƙin dabara, ba zato ba tsammani kai hare hare a jirgin kasa tare da harsasai da kuma abinci kuma, da ita karya tanadin da abokan hamayyarsu guda. A cikin wadannan yanayi, sulke sansanin soja a ƙafafun tabbatar da wani sosai tasiri wajen kare sadarwa na Turanci sojojin. Tun daga nan, da jirgin kasa da aka jirgin kasa, dauke da makamai suka ci gaba da inganta, shi ya zama ba makawa a memba na dukkan manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma soja rikice-rikice.

sarauta umurnin

A cikin shekaru gabanin yakin duniya na farko, kusan duk Turai sojojin da a arsenal gashi jirgin kasa, da kuma da farkon ayyukan soji suka fara tartsatsi m samar. A 1913, zatinsa da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I umurce su da su fara samar da sulke jiragen kasa motsi a kan tushen da fasaha aukuwa sanya ta Rasha ta injiniyoyi KB Krom kuma M. V. Kolobovym. Bayan shekaru biyu, a tsakiyar yaki, biyar daga cikin wadannan jiragen kasa shiga sabis kafa ta lokacin da jirgin sassa, kuma nan da nan suka kara biyu more.

Armoured yakin basasa

Sananne ne cewa sulke jirgin kasa Railway ya zama daya daga cikin alamu na yakin basasa. Yana da daidaituwa ba, tun a wannan lokacin shi ya samu muhimmanci na musamman a tuna da m gwagwarmayar iko da gaban wadata hanyoyin. Armoured da bristling da bindigogi qagaggun aka dauke da makamai kusan duk yaƙe jam'iyyun. Amma irin wannan m amfani sanya zarar bayyananna, kuma su main shortcomings.

Saboda bulkiness na sulke jirgin kasa ne m manufa domin maƙiyi manyan bindigogi, da kuma da ci gaban soja fasahar - da kuma ga jirgin sama. Bugu da kari, su motsi ne gaba ɗaya dogara a kan jihar Railway waƙoƙi, don haka don cikar horar tasha ya isa ya halakar da su a gaba da raya-ƙare.

A wannan batun, kowane sulke jirgin kasa dogo, da yin amfani da abin da babu makawa tsokani maƙiyi ya dauko irin matakan, staffed dandamali tare da kayayyakin reluwe, As'hab da zama dole hawa hardware, da kuma tawagar hada da ma'aikata putejtsy. Kiyaye su ban sha'awa data: da hannu gyara crews kusan gudanar ya warke har zuwa arba'in mita hanya for hours. Irin wannan aiki a yarda a ci gaba motsi abun da ke ciki tare da m na bata lokaci ba.

Gashi da Red Army

The Red Army ta sulke jirgin kasa sami daidai da fadi da aikace-aikace, kazalika a da abokan adawar. A farkon tashin shi ne a cikin lokacin da na fara jeri, bar bayan yakin duniya na, amma kamar yadda na yaki ƙoƙari su rasa aka kaddamar da samar da abin da ake kira "surrogate" model, waxanda suke da al'ada fasinja ko sufurin kaya jiragen kasa da a haɗe zuwa gare su makamai farantin karfe kuma staffed bindigogi. Halittar wannan wani sulke jirgin kasa ba bukatar ƙarin zane da kuma dauki sosai kadan lokaci. Kawai a 1919 shi ya iya fara samar da anihin jiragen kasa. By karshen yakin basasa, da Red Army sun riga ya ɗari da ashirin raka'a.

Bayan da yaki, da yawa daga cikinsu an sake tuba ga m dalilai, wanda ya kai ga wani gagarumin raguwa a mirgina stock Railway sojojin. Duk da haka, a cikin thirties, mu ci gaba aiki a kan su saki, amma shan la'akari da canja bukatun. A musamman, babban tartsatsi mutum da broneploschadki bronevagony da bronedreziny. A lokacin babban Patriotic War, su sau da yawa da aka sanye take da anti-aircraft bindigogi da kuma inji bindigogi, da kuma aka yi nufi ga kare jiragen kasa daga maƙiyi iska hare-hare.

yayan wani sulke jirgin kasa

Na abin da wani classic sulke jirgin kasa Railway? Hotuna gabatar a cikin labarin nuna wani m iko tsarin. Da farko, da irin wannan tsarin da aka sanye take da wani engine wanda aikin da aka yi da tuƙi makamai engine, kuma daga baya dizal. Bugu da kari, shi ne m gaban da dama motocin yaki ko dandamali sanya a kan su makamai. Wannan zai iya zama manyan bindigogi tsarin, karfafa na'ura gun lissafin, kuma daga baya da roka launchers. Sau da yawa sosai, wani sulke jirgin kasa Railway yana a cikin abun da ke ciki na saukowa dandali a kan wanda housed rai da karfi domin motsi da shi zuwa yankin na tashin.

Duk da sunan da sulke jiragen kasa da aka ba ko da yaushe ajiye ne musamman makamai. Wani lokaci blindirovanie amfani da motoci, wato, tabbatar da kariya ta hanyar densely cushe sandbags da zanen gado. Haka kuma kerarre m parapets for gun da kuma saukowa dandamali. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a cikin Jamus sulke jiragen kasa da aka kuma hada da tankuna dandali, wanda aikin ya zuwa goyi bayan saukowa.

Features na sulke jiragen kasa a forties

Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani musamman tsara sulke jiragen kasa irin musamman tsara don kariya daga muhimmanci dabarun abubuwa (gadoji, masana'antu, makamai warehouses da sauransu. D.), located a nesa daga gaban Lines, amma cikin kewayon maƙiyi jirgin sama. Su peculiarity ta'allaka ne da zane, gyara don tare iska hare-hare. Sun kunshi wani sulke locomotive kuma gashi bay tare da daban-daban anti-aircraft makamai. Bronevagony a gare su, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ya nan.

A farkon forties akwai wani rabo na sulke bataliya, wanda aka dauke da makamai sulke railcar a cikin Soviet sojojin. Tun da farkon yakin da lambar ya karu da yawa, kuma shi hada da Railway flak batura, kuma posted a kan jiragen kasa. Su aiki, kamar yadda a shekarun baya, aka iyakance yafi masa kariya game da ãyõyinMu da kuma kasuwanci a ci gaba wadannan jiragen kasa. An sani cewa a wadannan shekaru fiye da biyu da ɗari sulke jiragen kasa sarrafa a kan Railways.

Railway sojojin a cikin postwar lokaci

A postwar shekaru, da darajar da sulke jiragen kasa ki saboda da m ci gaba da sulke da motocin. Har 1953, an yi amfani da yafi a cikin Ukraine, a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji kan UPA, akai-akai kai hare-hare a kan daban-daban Railway wurare. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1958 da majalisar ministocin kasar da Tarayyar Soviet bayar da umarni a kan ƙarshe na kara ci gaba da wannan irin dakarun, da kuma ta karshen hamsin sulke jiragen kasa da aka gaba daya sun soke zama.

Kawai a cikin seventies, saboda da worsening da dangantaka da kasar Sin, za mu yi la'akari da shi dace don aiwatar da Trans-Baikal da kuma Far Eastern soja gundumomi biyar sulke jiragen kasa, ci gaba da cruising tare da bayyana iyaka. Suna daga baya amfani da su warware rikice-rikice a Baku (1990) da kuma Nagorno Karabakh-(1987-1988), bayan abin da suka kasance aika zuwa tushe na dindindin zama.

Makami mai linzami tushe a kan reluwe

Modern Railway jirgin kasa da aka kadan kama su magabata sanã'anta daraja a lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe. Yau da wannan tsarin, sanye take da makami mai linzami da tsarin iya bugawa nukiliya warheads da wani hari kafa a cikin guntu lokaci don canja wurin tayin.

Duk da cewa wannan shi ne tushen sabon fasaha zane, ga mata, duk da haka, riƙe da saba sunan - sulke jirgin kasa. Jirgin kasa, wanda shi ne da gaske wani makami mai linzami tushe, godiya ta zuwa ga motsi ne babba wahala a gane shi ko da taimako na tauraron dan adam.