Arctic hamada

Far Arewa Asia da kuma Arewacin Amirka zauna Arctic hamada - wani m sarari tare da sosai sparse ciyayi, dake a cikin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Wadannan shimfidar ne halayyar mafi yawan yankin na Greenland zuwa Kanad Arctic tarin tsiburai da sauran tsibiran Arctic Basin da kuma tsibiran dake kashe bakin tekun na Antarctica.

A yanayi na wannan halitta sashi na Arctic sanyi. Winters ne tsawo da kuma mai tsanani (talakawan zazzabi - -10 zuwa -35 ° C) da kuma gajeren lokacin bazaar, kuma sanyi (0 ... + 5 ° C). Winter iyakacin duniya dare mulki, wanda, dangane da latitud, kara daga 98 kwana zuwa watanni shida. A cikin watan Yuni, a lokaci guda tare da farko na da iyakacin duniya rana, Arctic bari sannu a hankali zo rayuwa - spring zo. Duk da cewa da rana haskakawa kewaye da kowane lokaci, kasa narke kawai 'yan santimita. A lokacin gajeren lokaci a lokacin da yanayin zafi ne tabbatacce, tafi snow kawai a cikin kananan rabo tare da marshy da m kasa.

A lokacin rani sama ne da wuya bayyananne. yawanci shi hadari bada shafe tsawon ruwan sama (ruwan sama, snow sau da yawa). A wannan lokacin, ƙasa sau da yawa envelop m hazo generated da danshin ruwa daga teku surface. Kusan duk yanayi danshi ya zauna a farfajiya, ba ƙafe saboda low matsayi na rãnã, kuma low yanayin zafi, kuma babu seeping cikin daskararre ƙasa.

Domin wannan halitta zone ne halin da crustose mosses, lichens da ciyawa saba da rayuwa a cikin arewa. Areas rufe da ciyayi - wani irin zango a tsakiyar na iyakacin duniya kankara da dusar ƙanƙara, animating Arctic hamada. Nan za ka iya saduwa da wakilan flowering shuke-shuke: saxifrage, foxtail da kuma wasu wasu hatsi, buttercup, Arctic poppy, cranberries, sedges. Babu Bishiyoyi da lichens, mosses da herbaceous jinsunan ba ta samar da wani ci gaba da murfin. Shuka tsawo da wuya ya wuce 10 cm, saboda sanyi iska ne mai tsanani daga Arctic ƙasar da kasa gwada da dumi. Sun gudu daga iska shuke-shuke suna guga man da kankara da kuma zaunar da depressions, a cikin lee na cliffs da sauran ƙasa elevations, a kan gangara na kudancin daukan hotuna.

Nazarin sasannin fauna daga wannan halitta yanki ne musamman talakawa. Yana gida Foxes, lemmings, kuma iyakacin duniya Bears. A lokacin rani akwai "rookeries": zo da nesting eider, guillemot, sandpiper, kittiwake, fulmar, guillemot, Goose da sauran jinsunan. More arziki a marine fauna.

Arctic hamada zone na Rasha a kudu ya kai latitud na Wrangel Island da kuma zuwa arewa yana da iyaka ga tsibirin Franz Josef Land. Yana maida hankali ne akan Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya (Arewa Island), New Siberian Islands, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, da arewacin na Taimyr Larabawa da kuma Arctic tekuna wanke wadannan yankunan na ƙasar. Coastal yankunan mafi tsibiran - ne lebur Shefela, da m yankunan - duwãtsu har zuwa 1000 m, kuma tablelands. Snow layi a wadannan latitudes ne low, don haka babban ɓangare na da yawa tsibiran shagaltar da glaciers (har zuwa 85% a kan Franz Josef Land). Mafi yawa nahiyar glaciers slipping a cikin teku, da kuma kashe karya, forming icebergs. A ƙasar, ice-free, tartsatsi permafrost.

Permafrost, sanyi da kuma lokacin bazaar short da sparse ciyayi haifar da yanayin unfavorable ga gona-kafa tsari. Saboda haka, kasar gona a kan ƙasa da na halitta low-ikon yankin, stony, matalauta.

Duk da haka, duk da matsananci depletion na kasar gona da kuma ciyayi, Arctic Hamada Rasha suna halin da canji a cikin nau'in abun da ke ciki a cikin latitudinal shugabanci. Don arewa zone ne halin da ciyawa-gansakuka al'ummomi cewa maye gurbin tsautsayi kudu na shrub-gansakuka. A cikin matsananci kudu na wannan kowa Arctic hamada shrub-gansakuka type, amma tare da wani furta daji murfin.