Antiyaku Cantemir: biography. Aiki Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - daya daga cikin haske Figures na syllabic al'adu zamanin (heyday na adabi kafin da Lomonosov sake fasalin). Ya aka cikakkiyar sifa hali, tsunduma ba kawai a cikin adabi, amma kuma a cikin harkokin siyasa: ya gudanar da diplomasiyya posts karkashin Catherine I. Bari ta samun Masana kusa da aikinsa da kuma biography.

Antiyaku Cantemir: a takaice biography

Antiyaku aka haife shi a 1708 a cikin 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali tare da Romanian asalinsu. Mahaifinsa, Dmitry K., ya mai mulkin Harshen Maldavian sarauta, da kuma mahaifiyarsa, Cassandra, mallakar wani tsoho da kuma daraja iyali na Cantacuzino. Ya aka haife kuma ciyar da farko shekaru ransa a Konstatinoful (yanzu Istanbul), kuma a cikin bazara na 1712 da iyali mayar da su cikin Rasha Empire.

The iyali Antiyaku Kantemir shi ne auta. Akwai 6 yara: 4 da 'ya'ya maza da' ya'ya mata 2 (Maria, Smaragd, da Matiyu, Sergei, Constantine da kuma Antakiya). Su duk samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi a gida, amma kawai mu gwarzo dauki amfani da dama da kuma ci gaba da horo a Greco-Slavic Academy. Godiya ga kishin da kuma kishin ilimi, Prince Antiyaku Cantemir ya zama daya daga cikin mafi haskaka da m mutane na 18th karni!

Bayan samun digiri, matasa Antiyaku shiga cikin Preobrazhensky rajimanti, kuma jimawa ya tashi zuwa ga daraja da ensign. A lokacin wadannan shekaru (1726-1728 gg.), Ya halarci jami'a laccoci Bernoulli da Gross a Rasha Academy of Sciences.

A farko ayyukan marubuci

A farkon m hanyoyin da marubuci da a wancan lokacin, lokacin da jama'a da aka lura mai raɗaɗi dauki ga dakatar da sauye-sauye na Bitrus I. Antiyaku kansa mai bin Bitrus hadisai, don haka a 1727 ya shiga cikin kungiyar, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Feofan Prokopovich. A cikin ayyukansu muna da babban tasiri wadannan jama'a sentiments.

The sosai farko da na aikin da aka rubuta a matsayin m jagora zuwa ga Littafi Mai Tsarki ayoyi da zabura, aka kira "Symphony Zabura zuwa". A 1726 ya gabatar da rubutum Catherine I, a matsayin alamar girmamawa da kuma girmamawa. Sarauniyar ne sosai yarda da jawabansa, da kuma rubutun aka buga edition na 1000 kofe.

Mafi shahara littafin Cantemir

Daga baya, ya fara fassara daban-daban waje ayyukansu, yafi - an fassara ta daga Faransa. Mafi shahara aiki, wanda amince da shi a matsayin wani babban mai fassara - mai fassarar Fontenelle. Antiyaku Kantemir ba kawai cika da m retelling na littafin "The magana game da bambancin da halittu", amma kuma kara da cewa wani sashe na da kansa tunani da comments. Duk da gaggawa na littafin a da yawa kasashen Turai, a Rasha, ayyukansa da aka dakatar da Empress, saboda shi wai sabani da tushe na halin kirki da kuma addini.

Antiyaku Cantemir: ayyukan satire

Antakiya ne dauke da kafa wannan irin wallafe-wallafe, a matsayin satire. Da farko shayari tone detractors Sciences. Daya daga cikin shahararrun da ayyuka "Don zãgi rukunan. Don tunaninsa," a cikin wannan aiki, ya Abin mamaki magana a kan waɗanda suka yi la'akari da kansu "hikima", amma "a Zlatoust kuma fahimta."

A blossoming ya m aiki da ya faru a cikin shekaru 1727-1730. A 1729, wani dukan jerin daga gare su, satirical versification an halitta. Total 9 ya rubuta satires, a nan ne ya fi shahara daga cikinsu:

• "Don da kishi na nobility zloenravnyh" - ba'a manya, wanda ya rasa ya asali mai kyau hali da kuma nisa a baya da al'adu.
• "A bambanci tsakanin mutum sha'awa" - shi ne mai irin sakon da Akbishop na Novgorod, wanda ya fallasa zunuban da sha'awa na babban jami'in shugabannin coci.
• "A gaskiya ni'ima" - ayyukan marubuta Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir tattaunawa kan madawwami tambaya na rayuwa da kuma bada amsar "kawai da albarka a cikin wannan rayuwa wanda shi ne isuwa da abu kaɗan, kuma su zauna lafiya."

fasalin ayyukan

Sun fi mayar da satirical yarima ne saboda ya na sirri imani. Prince Antiyaku Cantemir ya haka biyayya ga Rasha da kuma Rasha mutane suka fi ƙaunar, cewa babban burin da aka yi kome don su da alheri. Ya tausaya duk da sauye-sauye na Bitrus I, da kuma Sarkin da kansa ne izuwa mutunta ga aikinsa a ilimi ci gaba. All tunaninsa ya fito fili ya bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen. Babban siffa daga cikin waqoqi da kuma tatsuniya ne m diatribes, ayyukansa cike suke da rudeness da kuma rasa soperezhevany bakin ciki game da raguwar da yawa daga cikin manyan fitattu na Bitrus I.

Wasu sun ce Antiyaku Cantemir, wanda biography ne ma damu da jama'a ayyuka, ya iya ya halicci haka babban siyasa satire kawai ta hanyar kwarewa a matsayin jakadan Ingila. A wannan wuri ne ya samu ilmi game da tsarin da jihar, ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga ayyukan mai girma Yammacin haske: kerawa Horace, Juvenal, Boileau da na Farisa da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan aikinsa.

Jihar aiki Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Antakiya Dmitrievich (biography ne a hankali lauye da juya maki a cikin tarihi na Rasha Empire) ya mai taimako ga sake fasalin na Bitrus I, don haka a 1731 ya yi magana fitar da lissafin, wanda samarwa sanya manya hakkokin siyasa. Duk da haka, ya ji dadin da ni'imar da Empress Anny Ioannovny, shi ya ƙwarai da gudummawar da yaduwar ayyukansa.

Duk da matasa, Antiyaku Kantemir ya iya cimma babbar nasara a harkokin jama'a. Shi ya taimaki Empress don ya auro ta rightful wuri a matsayin wakilan Majalisar Koli aka shirin a tada juyin mulki. Antiyaku Cantemir tattara da yawa sa hannu daga cikin jami'an da sauran jami'an daban-daban sunã sahu guda, sa'an nan da kaina rako Trubetskoy da Cherkasky a Empress Palace. Domin ya ayyuka da ya albarkace da tsabar kudi da kuma sanya wa diplomasiyya jakadan Ingila.

diplomasiyya da darajõji

A farkon 1732 yana da shekaru shekaru 23, ya yi tafiya zuwa London don yin aikinsu na diflomasiyya, mazaunin. Duk da rashin harshen basira da kuma rashin kwarewa, ya ya iya yin manyan nasarori a kiyaye moriyar na Rasha Empire. Birtaniya kansu magana da shi a matsayin gaskiya da kuma kyautatawa siyasa. Ban sha'awa al'amari: ya kasance na farko Rasha Jakadan a yammacin kasar.

Jakadan Ingila bauta masa mai kyau diplomasiyya makaranta, da kuma bayan shekaru 6 da sabis a London, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Faransa. Da ya gudanar ya gina dangantaka mai kyau da yawa Faransa Figures: Maupertuis, Montesquieu da sauransu.

1735-1740-ies sun nauyi sosai a Rasha-Faransa dangantakar, akwai daban-daban saba wa juna, amma godiya ga kokarin Cantemir, da yawa al'amurran da suka shafi an warware ta hanyar lumana da tattaunawa.

Fate ayyukansu

A duk ya rubuta game da 150 ayyukan ƙwarai, daga cikinsu akwai satirical waqe, tatsuniya, epigrams, odes da fassara daga Faransa. Su sun tsira to wannan rana, amma wasu daga cikin manyan fassarorin da aka rasa. Akwai zato cewa, an halaka su da ganganci.

Alal misali, har yanzu ba a sani ba rabo daga rubuce-rubucen "Epictetus", "Persian Haruffa" da kuma wasu masu fassara da articles daga Faransa a cikin Rasha.

Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa Antiyaku Cantemir hannu a karkashin sunan Hariton Makentin cewa shi ne wani anagram sunansa da sunan uba. Ya yi girman kai daga aikinsa, amma ba su ga hasken: akwai aka rasa kusan dukkan shafukan da rubutun.

Ya wallafa wani littafi wasiyya ne fiye da ɗari da hamsin da ayyuka, ciki har da 9 satirical versification, 5 songs (Ode), 6 tãtsũniyõyin, 15 epigrams (3 na wanda ake kira "autobiographical rubutu", da kuma wakiltar da sassa uku na guda samfurin), game da 50 fassarorin, 2-3 manyan translation aiki daga Faransa mawallafa da suke Sahaban na Cantemir.

Abin da taimako da aka yi ta Antiyaku a Rasha adabi?

Ya muhimmancin a tarihin ci gaba da kuma samuwar tsoho Rasha, da kuma na zamani adabi, yana da wuya a overestimate. Bayan duk al'amurran da suka shafi tashe a cikin ayyukansu, suna dacewa da ba rana: .. Roko ga ministocin da iko, ba bisa doka ba ayyuka na jami'ai da 'yan iyalinsu, da dai sauransu Cantemir ne kakan irin wannan adabi, a matsayin satire. Daya zai tambaye abin da zai iya zama m titular yarima, kuma ga abin da ya rubuta a satire? Amsar ta'allaka ne a cikin rubuce-rubucen, a cikin abin da ya gane cewa kawai a gaskiya hankali na dan kasa ba shi da ƙarfin hali da rubuta irin wannan poignant satirical ayyukansu. Ba zato ba tsammani, kalmar "dan kasa" da aka buga kansa Cantemir!

A post na jakadan a Paris da wani mummunan tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya, wanda ya riga rauni saboda a shimfiɗar jariri, da cuta - smallpox. Abin baƙin ciki, Cantemir ya jimre mai tsawo da kuma m mutuwa. Ya mutu a cikin Paris a 1744 yana da shekaru 37 da shekaru. Aka binne shi a St. Nicholas Greek sufi, wanda aka located in Moscow.