Anthrax maganin: aikace-aikace fasali, wa'azi

A cikin tarihi da cutar da aka sani da "tsarki wuta", "Persian wuta" da kuma sauran irin wannan ƙungiyoyi. Its zamani sunan Anthrax ne saboda su yankin na rarraba. Yau, lokuta da mutum kamuwa da cuta ne casuistic. Haka kuma cutar na faruwa ne kawai a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima. A causative wakili ne aka bayyana a karshen karni na sha tara ta Robert Koch.

exciter

A bacteria Bacillus anthracis cikin hanyar Anthrax. Yana da wani babban itace, gram stained m. Yana hada somatic antigen kuma bambanta toxin, wanda ya haddasa kumburi, interacts da membranes na sel a cikin jiki, kuma Yanã matarwa. Bugu da ƙari, cikin kwantena farfado antifagotsitarnye Properties.

Rundunar kwayoyin ne kwayoyin samar da spores da suke resistant zuwa high zafin jiki bushewa da kuma disinfection. A wannan nau'i na Anthrax iya adana for shekaru da kuma amfani da wani kwayan makamai. Vegetative siffofin kananan kwayoyin halitta suna kashe daukan hotuna zuwa ruwan zafi a cikin arba'in da minti a cikin wani zafi iska tanda - bayan 2-3 hours.

epidemiology

Jigilar na kamuwa da cuta ne herbivores. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne wata sãniya, doki, raƙumi, ko alade. Kamuwa to mutum kiyaye ko'ina cikin dabbõbin cuta, tun da shi allocates da pathogen a cikin muhalli. A matattu dabbobi kasance dauke da kwayar cutar for makonni. Bugu da kari, pathogen watsa aka gane ta cikin jini-tsotsa kwari. Musamman m kayayyakin samu daga da waxannan cututtukan dabbobi (fata, gashi). Suna iya riƙe infectivity shekaru da yawa, har ma bayan da sinadaran da kuma thermal aiki.

Geographically, Anthrax da aka samu a cikin zafi m canjin yanayin da, a cikin yankunan inda tsunduma a cikin dabbõbin ni'ima kiwo. Cutar da ake yawanci rubuce a cikin rani-kaka lokaci. Babban dalilin da mutum kamuwa da cuta - kyalewa da tsafta-ANNOBA norms, kazalika da rashin aiki kayan kafin aiki.

Pathogenesis da cututtuka

Kwayoyin cutar shigar da mutum ko dabba jiki ta hanyar fata, mucous membranes ko gastrointestinal fili. The "ƙofofin kamuwa da cuta" ɓullo da serous-hemorrhagic kumburi, wanda aka bayyana da edema, zub da jini da kuma bushe necrosis. Wannan wuri kama embers - black yanki kẽwayesu kumburi shaft a tsakiyar wanda sigar bude rauni. Macrophages pathogen watsu a cikin lymphatic tsarin, ciki har da a yankin Lymph nodes. Bayan shigar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini na sepsis ne na biyu da hakan kamuwa da cuta a ko'ina cikin jiki: a cikin Lymph nodes, gastrointestinal fili, huhu. A manufa gabobin bayyana mahara hemorrhages da kuma zub da jini.

Kamuwa shiryawa zamani iya wuce daga 'yan sa'o'i zuwa makonni biyu, dangane da siffar. Mafi sau da yawa samu fata manifestations da cutar. A shafin na shigarwa na pathogen bayyana ja papules, itching da kuma kona ji. Bayan wata rana Daddy faro vesicle cika serous ruwa. Bayan wani gajeren lokaci da abun ciki zama m ko duhu purple ya dafa. Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan mutumin itching vesicles lalata Dome kuma akwai wani miki da duhu kasa da kuma wani mai haske shaci. A kan sãsanninta kafa kwayan screenings ( "alama abun wuya") cewa sha daya lokaci.

A mako biyu da kasa na miki rufe baki scab, kuma domin cikin dukan lokacin da cuta akwai wani gida m dauki. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin bincike ãyõyin Anthrax. Daga janar bayyanar cututtuka ware shafe tsawon zazzabi, tare da ciwon kai, wani rauni da zafi a cikin tsokoki. Bayan biyu ko uku makonni, gida bayyananen zo da kõme ba, kuma tare da su, kuma obscheintoksikatsionny alama.

bincikowa da

Mafi na kowa cutaneous nau'i na cutar da ake bambanta daga sauran kwayan tafasa da kuma carbuncles. Babban bayãnin hukuncin alama ne bayyanar "necklaces", wanda yake shi ne halayyar kawai ga Anthrax. Jimlace nau'i ne halin da m farko, mai tsanani maye, na huhu edema, da kuma oligo-anuria. Wani lokaci gaban tushen cutar da likita bukatar a bambanta daga Anthrax da kuma tularemia annoba.

Na dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje domin ganewar asali da cutar za a iya amfani da bacterioscopy jini ko fitsari, kazalika da amfanin gona sallama daga rauni a kan gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai. Bugu da ƙari, yi amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje dabbobi don ƙarin takamaiman diagnoses. Serological gwaje-gwaje taimaka ƙayyade lokaci na cutar da kuma shiri na rigakafi da tsarin. Wani hanya ne za su gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da alerji antraksinom.

A maganin da Anthrax

Ga masu rigakafin Anthrax ɓullo da live bushe maganin da ya dace wa subcutaneous ko cutaneous aikace-aikace. Its saki a 1 ml ampoules (lasafta a kan 200 allurai subcutaneous gwamnati) tare da 1.5 ml na sauran ƙarfi (glycerol).

A maganin da Anthrax ga mutumin ne cakuda rai spores na pathogen da kuma tsarkake antigens a haɗe zuwa aluminum hydroxide. A likita in ji wani vial isotonic Saline, tana mayar da foda a cikin wani kama cakuda. Shiryayye rayuwar bushe maganin ne shekaru 3, da kuma ruwa - 2.

Domin manya da yara kowane Anthrax maganin za a iya amfani daga 1 shekara. The Dokokin annexed to shi, kula da cewa mutum tasowa m rigakafi.

Contraindications zuwa lamba

Domin gabatarwar maganin akwai wasu janar sharudda:

• da mãsu haƙuri dole zama lafiya.
• jiki zafin jiki a cikin wani al'ada iyaka.
• SARS bayan na karshe fiye da wata daya.
• rashin lafiyan halayen ga kafin gwamnati na alluran da aka kiyaye.

Umarnin don amfani da Anthrax maganin Highlights 'yan contraindications. Saboda haka, mutum dole ne ba su da wani tarihi na tsari cututtuka na connective nama, maimaita dermatological pathologies, kazalika da endocrine tsarin matsaloli. Bugu da kari, da bukatar su bi zuwa lokaci lokaci. Tsakanin karshe lamba da kuma allurar rigakafi da Anthrax ya zama wani rata na akalla kwana talatin.

Bacterinia

A amfani da anti-Anthrax maganin sa gida da kuma janar halayen. Percutaneous gwamnati ta hanyar fata da rana a allura site bayyana hyperaemia kuma kadan kumburi daga kyallen takarda. Daga baya shi kafa ɓawon burodi, wadda daga ƙarshe vuya. Subcutaneous gwamnati na maganin yana tare da infiltration na har zuwa 0.5 cm.

Malaise ne musamman rare kuma bayyana kanta a ciwon kai, karuwa a jiki zafin jiki zuwa subfebrile, da kuma kara girman Lymph nodes. Wani lokacin tashin zuciya da kuma amai. Mutane da dagagge rigakafi martani Anthrax maganin zai iya sa rashin lafiyan halayen har zuwa anaphylactic buga.

Sashi da Administration

A farko immunization ne da za'ayi bushe da ruwa maganin, kuma baya amfani kawai bushe bambanci. Shirin a farkon kwata saukin kamuwa contingent sami wani kashi na magani a cikin juz'i na zuwa 0.5 ml subcutaneously.

Akwai hanyoyi biyu don ya bushe allura Anthrax maganin ga mutane. Umarni ya furta cewa, yara daga shekara 14 bukatar rike wani primary immunization subcutaneously da biyu allurai da wani lokaci-lokaci na wata daya. Manya a kan m uku hannu talakawan amfani 2 saukad diluted maganin sa'an nan karce fata da kuma shafa domin rabin minti daya m.

A hali na lamba tare da wadanda ba alurar riga kafi mutum da lafiya dabba da ya gudanar da gaggawa rigakafin a cikin wani nau'i na shakka na maganin rigakafi:

• domin manya da shi "Ciprofloxacin" ko "Doxycycline".
• yara - "Amoxicillin".

Anthrax maganin dabbobi

Anthrax maganin ne wata dabba samar da antibodies da pathogen bayan kwanaki 10 daga lokacin gwamnatin da kuma samar da wani karfi rigakafi zuwa shekara guda. An tsara don allurar rigakafi wajibi a duk gona da dabbobi.

Domin da farko lokacin da alluran da aka bã a cikin shekaru daya watan sa'an nan kuma, bayan watanni shida. Manya ya kamata a alurar riga kafi a kowace shekara. Idan yawan shanu da aka samu dabba a cikin abin da akwai alamun Anthrax, dukan garke alurar riga kafi sake.

Contraindications zuwa lamba dabbobi:

• zazzabi.
• kwanan nan ciki ko castration.
• tiyata.
• foals har zuwa 9 months.

A Anthrax maganin ba a gabatar a yanayin zafi ko sanyi, kazalika da a hade tare da sauran kwayoyi. Tare da lura da maganin rigakafi, anthelmintics da insektoakaritsidnymi kwayoyi dole ne a jira a kalla kwanaki 10 bayan alurar riga kafi. Milk na alurar riga kafi shanu ne a yarda sha Kashegari bayan alurar riga kafi, amma kashe daga dabbõbin gida don samar da nama zai yi da za a dage da makonni biyu.