Alexy, sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha: biography ransa, photos

Sarki Alexy II, wanda biography ne batu na wannan labarin, ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma, ina zaton, da wani farin ciki rai. Aikinsa bar mai zurfi alama ba kawai a cikin tarihi na Rasha Orthodox Church, amma kuma a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa. Zai yiwu shi ya sa, bayan da firist mutuwa mutane ba su iya yi imani, kuma zo sharuddan da wucewa, da kuma har yanzu hannunwan a cikin al'umma version na sarki Alexy II aka kashe. Wannan mutumin yana da sosai da ya yi a rayuwarsa kyawawan ayyuka, da darajar da mutum a tsawon shekaru ya ba rage.

asalin

Sarki Alexy II, wanda tarihinsa cikin ƙarni da dama da alaka da Rasha Orthodox Church, an haife ni a Fabrairu 23, 1929 a wani sosai m iyali a birnin Tallinn. A m na gaba firist, a kwana na zamanin Catherine II soma Orthodoxy mai suna Fedor. Ya kasance mai general, wani shahararren jama'a adadi da kuma sojoji. Daga wannan yaki gwarzo a 1812 , ya tafi kasar Rasha haife Riediger.

Kakan nan gaba sarki ya iya daukar iyalinsa zuwa ga mafi zafi lokacin da juyin juya halin daga St. Petersburg zuwa Estonia. Alexia mahaifin karatu a babbar mallaka College of Law, amma ya riga ya gama karatu a Estonia. Ya sa'an nan ya yi aiki a matsayin majistare a Tallinn, auri 'yar Kanar na tsarist sojojin. A wani iyali yanayi mulki Orthodox iyaye Alexia sun mambobi ne na m motsi na RSCM (Rasha Student Kirista Movement). Su halarci addini muhawara, ziyarci gidajen lama tafi zuwa ga sabis a Haikali. Lokacin da Alex ne ƙwarai, matasa, mahaifinsa ya fara koya daga pastoral Darussan, inda ya gana da mahaifinsa da Yahaya, wanda daga baya ya zama m mahaifin yaron.

The iyali da hadisin na jawabin Hutun bazara a mahajjata zuwa daban-daban gidajen lama. A sa'an nan da Alexis lifelong Pühtitsa kaunace makõmarsu. A 1940, Alexis mahaifin aka wajabta wani Irena. Tun shekarar 1942 ya yi aiki a Kazan coci a Tallinn da kuma a kan shekaru 20 da taimaka wa mutane samun Allah.

yara

Daga farkon yara, nan gaba sarki na Moskovskiy Aleksy aka nutsa cikin yanayi na addini, wanda shi ne babban ruhaniya manufa a cikin samuwar su da shi. Daga 6 years old, sai ya fara taya a cikin sabis na cikin Haikali. Iyaye da kuma ruhaniya mahaifin kawo yaron a cikin ruhu na Kirista dabi'u, da ya girma mai kyau, m yaro. Times kasance wuya, da iyali a farkon yakin duniya na biyu barazana fitarwa zuwa Siberia na Jamus asalin. Riediger ya boye. A lokacin yakin, mahaifina ya ɗauki tare da shi Alyosha a kan ziyara zuwa fursunoni sansanonin koma Jamus mutane.

kira

A dukan yanayi Riediger iyali da aka steeped a addini, da yaro sha shi daga yara. Ya yi kauna kuma san da coci ayyuka, ko da wasa da su a cikin wasanni. Ya confessor ya rayayye goyan bayan yaron ta janye zuwa Orthodox ĩmãni. A 1941, nan gaba sarki Alexy 2 zama bagade yaron, taimakon Irena - mahaifinsa. Sa'an nan, ya shafe shekaru da dama hidima a daban-daban majami'u na Tallinn. A rabo daga Alexis, a gaskiya, an qaddara daga haihuwa, ya kasance 5 shekaru wanzu ne kawai a cikin ƙirjinka daga cikin coci.

A shekarar 1947, a nan gaba Tsarki 2 shiga Birnin Leningrad, seminary, shi ne riƙi kai tsaye zuwa cikin uku aji saboda zurfin ilimi da kuma horo. A shekarar 1949 ya shiga Birnin Leningrad, tauhidin Academy. A wannan lokacin, farfado ilimi cibiyoyin addinai, na kasance a kan Yunƙurin, shi na samar da wani high quality ilmi to Alex. Ya kasance mai kyau dalibi, duk malaman lura da thoughtfulness da kuma muhimmancin. Ya da wani shafi tunanin mutum da rikice da kuma neman, ya kasance cikakken tabbata daga bangaskiya da kuma aikin shi.

firist rayuwa

Amma mafi yawan karatu a Academy A. Riediger wuce azahiri. Birnin Leningrad, Gregory Lardi gayyaci saurayin da za a wajabta kafin kammala karatu. Ya aka kira su zuwa dama sabis zabin, sai ya zaɓi matsayin rector na Epiphany Church a garin Jõhvi. Daga can, sai ya iya ziyarci sau da yawa iyaye da kuma zuwa makarantar. A 1953 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar, kuma ya kasance wani dan takarar da tauhidin. A shekarar 1957 ya aka canjawa wuri daga wani wuya Ikklesiya na Jõhvi a Jami'ar Tartu. Saboda haka a nan gaba sarki Alexy II, da shekaru na rayuwa da cewa za a hade da wani addini sabis, hau kan wani hanya na firist.

Its rabo fadi sake wuya sau. Cathedral na ɗauka, wanda aka nada Alexis, da ke cikin yanayin talauci, da, hukuma ba ta goyi bayan addini gudanarda ayyuka, za mu yi aiki tuƙuru, magana da mutane, su tsaya a wurin sabis, je zuwa gudanar da ayyukan addini. Novice firist ya yanke shawarar neman taimakon sarki Alexis I, wanda taimaka a gyara da kuma albarka takwara. A shekarar 1958, Alexis zama da Archpriest, da kuma shugaban makaranta na Tartu-Viljandi County. A shekarar 1959, firist mutu uwãta, kuma wannan ya kai shi ga tallafi na zaman zuhudu. Ya farko tunani game da irin wannan mataki, da kuma yanzu a karshe ya tabbatar a ya nufi.

bishop Way

A shekarar 1961, a nan gaba sarki Alexy II (a hoto na shi mafi sau da yawa za a iya gani a cikin review ziyara na waje wakila na Rasha) na'am da sabon alƙawari. Ya zama Bishop na Tallinn da Estonia, kuma dan lokaci wakkala shi zuwa gudanar da Riga diocese. Rasha Orthodox Church m karancin matasa ilimi ma'aikata, musamman tun lokacin da ta relives sabon zagaye na zalunci a Rasha. Keɓewa,, a request na Alexis, da aka gudanar a cikin Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Tallinn. Nan da nan da wani matashi bishop sami wani kira daga hukumomi. Ya Ikklesiya da aka shirya don rufe da dama majami'u saboda "marasa amfani baki ɗaya" da kuma fi so Pyuhittsky sufi ba wani biki gida na hakar gwal. Da ake bukata da gaggawa da kuma karfi matakan.

Alexis shirya dama ziyara zuwa babbar waje wakila a cikin Ikklesiya da kuma wani sufi, a sakamakon da kafofin watsa labaran yammacin bayyana wallafe game da shi, ga shekara nan ya samu halartar wakilan kusan duk duniya ta kungiyoyin addinai, da hukumomi da su mika wuya, da kuma ƙulli daga cikin sufi daina tãyar da su. Pyuhittsky sufi godiya ga kokarin Alexis ya zama wani wuri na ziyara da kuma sadarwa a tsakanin wakilan duk Turai majami'u.

Alexis bauta a Tallinn lissafta ga kwata karni. A wannan lokaci ya muhimmanci ƙarfafa nan Orthodox Church bayar da babban adadin adabi, ciki har da Istoniyanci harshe. Ƙoƙarin ajiye yawa daga cikin Ibada a yankin, ciki har da Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, wanda ya dade da aiki a matsayin Alex ta mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1962, Kazan Church a Tallinn. Amma farfaganda da kuma kokarin da hukumomi sun aikata su aiki: adadin muminai ya yi haƙuri ki zuwa kauyuka zauna aiki majami'u, Archimandrite biya domin abun ciki na coci kudi.

A shekarar 1969, Alex sa ƙarin bautãwarku a matsayin Lardi na Leningrad, ya kuma Novgorod.

Church da kuma rayuwar al'umma da

Alexis ko da yaushe tafiya da yawa a cikin su parishes da allahntaka sabis da nufin gudanar da tattaunawar da muminai, ya karfafa su ruhu. A wannan yanayin, nan gaba sarki musamman lokacin ba jama'a aiki. Tun da aka kafa, da diocesan sabis, ya ba su kasance can wuri mai nĩsa daga rai na dukan Orthodox Church. A shekarar 1961, a nan gaba sarki Alexy II, photo wanda za ka iya gani a cikin labarin, shi ne memba na tawagar Rasha Orthodox Church a Duniya majalisar Ikklisiya Majalisar. Ya taka rawa a cikin aikin na irin wannan babbar kungiyoyi kamar yadda taron na Turai Ikklisiya, inda ya yi aiki ga shekaru 25, ƙarshe ya zama shugaban Presidium, Rhodes Pan-Orthodox taron, zaman lafiya da kungiyoyi, musamman Soviet Aminci Asusun, Asusun na Slavic adabi da kuma Slavic al'adu. Tun shekarar 1961, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban sashen for External Church Relations na Moscow Patriarchate. A shekarar 1964, ya zama Chancellor na Moscow Patriarchate kuma ya aikata aikin? Anda aikinsu domin shekaru 22.

A shekarar 1989, an zabe Alexis mataimakin na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a cikin adana kasa al'adu da dabi'u, harshe, kariya daga tarihi al'adunmu.

patriarchal kursiyin

A shekarar 1990, Pimen mutu, kuma Local Majalisar hadu don zaben sabon shugaban na Rasha coci, kuma babu mafi takarar fiye da Alexis. Rasha sarki an naɗa 10 Yuni 1990 a Epiphany Cathedral a Moscow. A cikin jawabinsa ga taron, ya ce cewa ya gani a matsayin babban maƙasudin da tabbatarwa daga cikin rawar da ruhu mai ɗaukar na Church. Ya yi imani da cewa da bukatar kara yawan Ibada, ciki har da bukatar yin aiki a wuraren da ake tsare, ya ba mutane a ruhaniya goyon baya a cikin hanyar gyara. Dannawa canji a cikin al'umma, da coci da za a yi amfani da su karfafa matsayinsu, da kuma Alex ya Masani game da shi.

Ga wasu lokaci da sarki ya tafi a kan bauta wa a matsayin bishop na Leningrad, ya kuma Tallinn diocese. A 1999, sai ya ɗauki kan management na Japan Orthodox Church. A lokacin da ya sabis, sarki tafiya mai yawa ga parishes, aikata sabis, ya gudummawar gina Cathedrals. A duk shekaru da ya ziyarci 88 dioceses, 168 tsarkake Ibada, ya dauki dubban ikirari.

jama'a matsayi

Alexy, sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha, daga farkon shekarun sãɓã wa jũna m zamantakewa matsayi. Ya ga ya manufa ba kawai in bauta wa Allah, amma a cikin gabatarwa na Orthodoxy. Ya hakikance cewa dukan Kiristoci kamata a sõyayya a cikin ilimi aiki. Alex yi imani da cewa coci kamata su hada kai da hukuma, ko da yake ya ya samu da yawa daga zalunci daga Soviet hukumomi, amma bayan perestroika nemi kafa dangantaka mai kyau tare da jagorancin kasar su yi aiki tare don warware matsaloli da yawa da ke jihar.

Hakika, da sarki ko da yaushe kare da underdog, ya shiga cikin wani yawa na sadaka aikin da gudummawar da cewa ya parishioners sun kuma bayar da taimako ga mabukata. A wannan yanayin, Alexis ya sha nanata magana fita da mutane daban-daban tare da wasu rubuce jima'i da kuma karbuwa da gode wa magajin garin Moscow zuwa ban gay farati, da ake kira da liwadi wani mataimakin cewa halaka gargajiya norms na bil'adama.

Church da kuma zamantakewa canji a karkashin sarki

Alexy, sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha, ya fara aiki a matsayin hujjar cewa sanya sane da mawuyacin hali na coci yanzu gwamnatin kasar. Ya yi abubuwa da yawa da kara rawar da coci a siyasar kasar, shi ne a kan daidai da na farko na mutanen jihar da aka ziyarta da tunawa da bidi'a. Alex ya yi mai girma da yawa ga coci dalĩli aka mayar da hankali a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Bishops 'Council, Munã rage tsarin dimokuradiyya a cikin tsarin da coci. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya yi cewa ya karu da mulkin kai na mutum yankuna na Rasha Federation.

sarki yabo

Alexy, sarki na All Rasha, da Rasha Orthodox Church sanya mai girma da yawa da fari gode masa da coci mayar da fadi da jama'a sabis. Shi ne ya yi da gudummawar da cewa a yau da Rasha coci cike da parishioners, cewa addini ya sake zama saba ɓangare na rayuwar Russia. Har ila yau, ya ya iya rike a cikin hurumi na Rasha Church jihohin da ta sami 'yanci a sakamakon rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Aikinsa a matsayin sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha ya yi tasiri a kan ci gaban Orthodoxy, ƙara da muhimmanci a duniya. Alexis shi ne shugaban kwamitin mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos jiya, a yau, kuma har abada." A shekara ta 2007, a sakamakon kokarin da aka sa hannu kan "dokar on Mashahuran tarayya", wanda nufi da sauyin da na Rasha Orthodox Church da kuma Rasha Church waje. Alex ya iya komawa cikin m yi na addini processions, shi na taimaka wa rabo daga cikin sauran kaya daga da yawa tsarkaka, kamar Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. Ya ninka adadin dioceses a Rasha, da yawan parishes ya kusan tripled da yawan majami'u a Moscow ya karu fiye da 40 sau, idan kafin a sake fasalin kudin kasar ne kawai 22 da sufi, da 2008 akwai riga 804 girma darajar sarki ya ba da coci da ilimi, shi muhimmanci kara yawan makarantu a dukkan matakai a cikin kasar, kuma yana da kyau tasiri a kan koyon shirye-shirye, wanda sun zama m zuwa duniya matakin.

karrama

Alexy, sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha, don ya ayyuka ya aka bayar da dama sau biyu wadanda mutane da kuma ecclesiastical hukumomi. Ya yi a kan 40 umarni da kuma lambar yabo da Rasha Orthodox Church, ciki har da wadanda na girmamawa, a matsayin Order of St. Andrew tare da wani lu'u-lu'u star, da Order of Grand Duke Vladimir, da Order of St. Alexis, Dmitriya Solunskogo samu lambar, da Order of Grigoriya Pobedonostsa na Jojiyanci Orthodox Church.

Gwamnatin Rasha ya kuma akai-akai lura da high isa yabo na sarki awards, ciki har da Order of yabo ga Fatherland, da Order of Friendship na Peoples, Order of Red Banner na Labor. Biyu Alexy aka bayar da Jihar Prize for fice nasarori a fannin jin kai da aiki, yana da daraja da kuma godiya daga shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation.

Alexis ma yana da yawa awards na} asashen waje, da kari, Badge na karimci, kuma lambar yabo daga jama'a da kungiyoyi.

Bugu da kari, shi ne wani digirorin girmamawa jama'a na fiye da 10 birane da an girmamawa likita na 4 jami'o'i a duniya.

Kula da kuma ajiya

Disamba 5, 2008 baza a duniya da bakin ciki labarai: sarki Alexy mutu 2. Dalilin mutuwa - zuciya rashin cin nasara. Sarki 'yan shekaru akwai lokatan tsanani matsaloli da zuciya, ya ko da a cikin wurin zama da aka gina lif don ya dauke wa hawa na biyu don su taimake shi kauce wa ba dole ba danniya. Duk da haka, a kafofin watsa labarai kusan nan da nan akwai versions na kisan kai da sarki.

Amma ga shaidar wadannan zato ba, saboda haka, duk zauna a matakin jita-jita. Mutane kamar ba zai iya yi imani da cewa akwai irin wannan mutum, sabili da haka kokarin nemo m cikin matsala. Sarki ta jana'iza a Moscow ta Cathedral of Kristi Mai-Ceto, aka binne shi a cikin Church na Epiphany.

Mutane kusan nan da nan fara mamaki: sarki Alexy canonized ko lasafta? Muddin ba amsa, tun da canonization - shi ne mai hadaddun da kuma dogon tsari.

Sarki memory aka immortalized a cikin sunayen dakunan karatu, murabba'ai, a cikin nau'i na Monuments, plaques, tarihi da dama.

sirrinka

Sarki Alexy 2, dalilin mutuwar, wanda aka ba kawai wani lokaci domin tattauna mutuntakarsa, da rayuwa, ayyuka, sha'awar da yawa. Mutane da yawa jita-jita, kẽwayãwa game da dangantakarsa da KGB, Alexia aka ma da ake kira da masoyi na musamman da sabis. Ko da yake akwai wani abin shaida na irin wannan tuhuma.

Wani batun da cewa shi ne ban sha'awa ga talakawa mutane: ko firist, kuwa yana da aure. An sani cewa bishops iya ba da mãtan aure ba, kamar yadda su ne batun ƙin ɗaure aure. Amma kafin da sufaye, da yawa firistoci, su ne iyali, kuma shi ne ba wata matsala ba to su ecclesiastical aiki. Sarki Alexy II, matar da suka yi a cikin dalibi shekaru, ba da aka ambata da iyalinsa kwarewa. Bincike ya nuna cewa wannan aure tare da Vera Alexeeva kasance cikakken m. Ya ake bukata kawai su hana hukuma tura A. Ridiger soja.

Game da zaman rayuwa na sarki ne kadan da aka sani. Ya ƙaunar karanta, ko da yaushe aiki tukuru. Alexis ya rubuta fiye da 200 littattafai a kan tauhidin. Shi ne m, a Istoniyanci, Jamusanci, da ya yi magana kadan a Turanci. Ya rayu kuma ya mutu a ya fi so zama a Peredelkino, inda ya ji dadi da kuma annashuwa.