Acetate. Production na acetate fiber

A duk lokacin da, da yadi masana'antu ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sassa na tattalin arziki a kasar, tun da shi ya ba da jihar mai babbar dama haka-da ake bukata nama cewa ne kullum ake bukata ba kawai ga tufafi, amma ko da amfani a samar da makamai.

Kuma saboda kusan daga farkon zamanin Tarayyar Soviet kafin chemists aka kallafa tare da samar da wucin gadi kyallen takarda, kamar yadda halitta kayan sorely rasa. A sakamakon haka, an halitta acetate fiber.

Mene ne wannan?

A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa abin da ake kira ba wani daya musamman irin nama , amma da dama iri roba zaruruwa. A dukkan lokuta, su fita daga cikin cellulose acetate. A mafi m na triacetyl cellulose fiber, kazalika da al'ada cellulose acetate fiber kerarre daga sake yin fa'ida cellulose acetate.

Muhimmanci ingancin roba zaruruwa

Hygroscopicity na irin yadudduka ne kasa da 3.5%. Fiber kusan ba ya sha danshi, ba kumbura, kuma ba ya bayar da hazo, ko da bayan maimaita soaking / bushewa sake zagayowar. A kwatanta da na halitta yadudduka, wucin gadi da yawa kasa da fallasa su microorganisms, haske, da kuma zafin rana. Bugu da kari, sun kasance kaucewa sha'aninsu dabam mole. Wadannan yadudduka iya ba tare da asarar da kaddarorin yin tsayayya da zafi har zuwa 100 digiri Celsius.

Abubuwa sanya na acetate zaruruwa, sosai m dubi, mai sharewa da ta kafe sauri. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da wanka ne da yawa kasa bukatar ƙara abu don wanka, kamar yadda da datti ne sauƙi wanke bãya daga zaruruwa na da irin wannan.

Lura cewa rauni acid da kuma sansanonin sojin ba su shafi acetate fiber ne don haka hallakaswa, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da na halitta yadudduka, amma a sakamakon shi ne saponified da kuma rasa mafi yawan su da amfani halaye. Mayar da hankali guda inorganic acid nan da nan a hallaka shi.

Microscopic tsarin da zaruruwa

Idan ka dubi wani nama karkashin madubin, za ka iya ganin daruruwan tsaye GROOVES a kan fiber surface. Saboda wannan, mutum strands talauci interlock da juna, da kuma masana'anta kullum quite resilient, da kuma mugun niƙa. Shine suka yi tarayya a cikin bayyanar da na halitta siliki, da kuma kauri daga cikin mutum zaruruwa ne quite kama da thread cewa bayar da larvae na silkworms. Idan manufacturer kafin aiki samun nama, cikinsa da yarns suna dogara tsunduma tare da juna, a kan fiber surface an sanya na H-dimbin yawa giciye-cuts.

Bugu da kari to ya karu ƙarfi, irin wannan masana'anta shi ne halin mai kyau sosai da kyalkyali kwanyarsa, amma saboda shi ne sau da yawa amfani da ado dalilai.

Disadvantages na acetate masana'anta

Abin baƙin ciki, duk da yake ba da kyau: wadannan irin na wucin gadi kayan tsayayya abrasion mummunar, sosai sauki samun rikicewar lantarki, mugun fentin da misali Paints, wanda ake amfani a cikin yadi masana'antu. Dole ne su a guga, ba tare da kiwon da baƙin ƙarfe zafin jiki na kan 115 °, tun in ba haka ba zai yiwu thermal nakasawa.

Sauran korau halaye

Ganin sosai high damar acetate zaruruwa a jari na canzawa cajin daga shi wajen wuya, don samar da masana'anta. Idan ironing kadan da nisan da baƙin ƙarfe zafin jiki a kan surface na masana'anta akwai zurfin flaws cewa shi ne riga yiwuwa a kawar. M acetate fiber haske rawaya. Quite sauƙi huce ba, sa'ilin da dogon smoldering, allocating babban adadin na yanayi iska ne m hayaki da wari.

samarwa

Kamar yadda za ka iya fahimta, acetate fiber aka samar daga cellulose. Hakika, shi ne fin so yin amfani da auduga, amma shi ne low ko yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da high quality-itace. Bayan tasowa, da kuma tsaftacewa shi ne bi da tare da acetic anhydride. Kamar yadda dauki kara kuzari amfani ne sulfuric acid, kuma ta soke sakamakon acetate aka kara acetic acid.

A gaban adadi kaɗan na ruwa fara saponify zaruruwa, sakamakon wani cellulose diacetate. Don sakamakon abu da aka kara wa cakuda acetone da ruwa (95: 1). All kadi cakuda shirya. An tace, tsaftacewa wuce haddi m inji impurities sa'an nan ya aiko don kadi na'ura. Shiri acetate fiber auku a cikin iska (da bushe Hanyar).

Wannan hanya ita ce ma gaskiya cewa amfaninka na kowane ƙarin sinadarai da ake bukata. A lokacin farin ciki da danko sosai kadi taro ne kawai tilasta ta spinneret tare da wani jam'i na ramuka, sa'an nan gudana a cikin iska-tururi jam'iyya a zazzabi na game da 87 digiri Celsius. Tun da samar da cellulose acetate zaruruwa bukatar babbar yawa ruwa da cellulose, da yawa shuke-shuke da game Baikal.

Wasu bayanai game da launi

Heat da ake bukata don gaba daya ƙafe da acetone daga cakuda. Bayan nan, da yarn an sanyaya, da surface daga gare aka rufi da man fetur zuwa hana samuwar canzawa cajin, sa'an nan rauni uwa bobbin. Yana kafa ta minti daya har zuwa 600 mita thread. Bugu da ari, shi na bukatar kusan babu machining fãce kawai juya a samar da thicker zaruruwa.

Kamar yadda canza launi? A mafi yawan lokuta, da fenti da aka gabatar a samar mataki, don haka da cewa riga rauni a kan bobbin thread so ya dafa. Mun riga ce cewa acetate fiber sosai mugun stained da misali kayan aikin, don haka yanzu kashi 90% na yadudduka an sanya daga yarns sanya na kadi garwayayye tare da so halaye.

A zamaninmu, muna halitta dubban jinsunan musamman watsa dyes. Su ba ka damar samun ba kawai canza launin zane, da kuma real Masterpieces da ban mamaki iridescent launi. A ra'ayi halitta da gaskiya cewa Paint ba su tsaya ga surface na filaments, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da wannan viscose zane, da kuma wani bangare ne na masana'anta.

Idan dole, yin amfani da fari launuka, sakamakon wani masana'anta shi ne kusan m snow-farin launi. Tun acetate fiber ne sosai resistant zuwa UV haskoki da kuma shi ne mai sauqi ka wanke, da karko na zane da yawa sau mafi girma daga adadi ga auduga ko wasu halitta da yadudduka.

Yadda cikin gyare-gyaren

Mafi sau da yawa amfani da a samar da wata mutu da ciwon 200 ramukan. Idan samu shirya thread karkatarwa a cikin m zaruruwa ko igiyoyi, da cakuda da aka wuce ta mutu kuma crimped da corrugated katangu. Idan muka magana game da matsakaitan na acetate zaruruwa, su samar da ba ya bambanta daga abin da aka bayyana ta da mu sama tsari.

Feature ne cewa mutum filaments bayarwa daga kadi na'ura, sa'an nan tattara a cikin wani cuta wadda aka nan da nan yanyanke na so tsawon. Bugu da kari, ƙanana da matsakaitan zaruruwa za a iya sanya a cikin nau'i na qwarai wanda ake nana kuma yanyanke na so tsawon.

Basic kaddarorin da zaruruwa

Menene ainihin Properties na cellulose acetate zaruruwa? A kauri daga cikin halittarku filaments a wani hali ne tsakanin 11.1 tex X 25 ga X 25 16,7 tex (№ 90 / 25- 60/25). Lokacin da aka kwatanta da viscose zaruruwa na wannan kauri, sa'an nan da acetate yarns ƙarfi ne da ɗan ƙananan (ta game 10-12%). Amma! Idan masana'anta samun rigar (a, guda hygroscopicity 3.5%), da ƙarfin halaye an rage nan da nan zuwa ga 40-45!

Tenacity (watse elongation) ne game da 27%, amma da yawa na roba elongation ya wuce cewa for akai-akai da aka ambata a sama viscose yadudduka. Shi ne saboda wannan "acetates" sosai mugun rumpled, da kuma abubuwa masu dogon lokaci duba m.

kyautata version

Duk wannan zai iya shãfe up da m karatu ya yi imani da cewa masana'anta na da irin wannan yana da yawa shortcomings. Wannan magana ne quite gaskiya ga 'yan baya, amma a yau, a lokacin da ta samarwa da aka kusan ko da yaushe amfani da magina cewa ba su da wani sinadaran sakamako a kan cellulose acetate fiber. Da dabara a wannan harka shi ne kamar haka: [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-x (OCOCH3) x].

Bugu da kari, a yau suna ƙara yin amfani da niyya zafi magani na kadi taro: kwayoyin za a fara samar da wata karin tsari kammalalle ba. A sakamakon haka, da acetate masana'anta zama yawa karfi da kuma daina don haka ji tsoro na tsanani zafi.

Don kwanan wata, kamar characterizing fiber "Allon", samar da irin matsakaitan masana'anta. Yana da matukar karfi da kuma na roba, yana da babban karko da kuma wani kyakkyawan bayyanar. Empirically an gano cewa, a kananan adadin aluminum pyrophosphate kara wa kadi taro, shi damar zuwa samu da acetate fiber, da yin amfani da abin da yake zai yiwu a wani filin inda akwai hadari na ƙonewa (labule domin sinimomi, misali).