A zatonsa na rashin laifi. Art. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki

{Ungiyoyin jama'a - babban rukuni na mutanen da suka suna da ha ta daya da al'adu da jihar iyaka. A wannan jama'a a kowane lokaci ya kan tushen da jihar tsarin. Bayan kafuwar aka aza a kowace kasa kai tsaye ta mutane. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin takamaiman jihar al'umma bukatar da za a yi gyara ba. Wannan manufa, an kaddamar da wani dogon lokaci. Babban al'amurran da suka shafi a cikin wannan harka, ne awkwardness al'umma. Its tsarin - wani hadadden tsari. Ba tare da kasancewar ci gaba da sa ido, ya iya kawai kasa. A tarihi, mutane sun yi kokarin samun mafi iko da kuma tasiri kayyadewa na zaman jama'a a tsakaninsu. A cikin shakka daga bincike da aka yi kokarin addini da tashin hankali, amma wadannan Categories aka nuna ya zama m. Duk da cewa canza tare da zuwan dama. Mutane sun gane cewa akwai abu mafi alhẽri daga Naira Miliyan Xari halatta doka norms. A wannan yanayin, babban kayyadewa na zamantakewa dangantakar - dokar - shi ne quite multifaceted category. Saboda haka, domin sauƙaƙe ta kai tsaye applicability an kafa wasu irin zatonsa. Daya daga wadannan shine zaton da rashin laifi, wanda ake amfani da ko'ina a cikin gida dokar.

Ma'ana

Zatonsa - wani category wanda asali bayyana a cikin falsafa maimakon shari'a Sphere. Wancan ne, domin fahimta da fasali, shi wajibi ne su fahimci farawa matsayi wakilta sabon abu. Saboda haka, zatonsa - a irin wani zato cewa a duk lokuta dauke gaskiya har sai da m an tabbatar da. A wasu kalmomin, da hujjar yana canzawa ciki har da hukuma canje-canje bisa tukuru facts.

zatonsa na rashin laifi

Da aka ambata category ya samu da aikace-aikace a cikin gida dokar da Rasha dokokin. Amma bari mu bincika kome domin. A zatonsa na rashin laifi aka dauke su wani undeniable gaskiya da babu Laifi takamaiman mutumin. A wannan yanayin, mutum kamata ba zama batun duk hane-hane har dalĩlin laifi a aikata wani laifi. A zatonsa ne muhimman hakkokin manufa na laifi aikace-aikace. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani haƙƙin na dokokin ƙa'idar akai, wanda dogara ne a kan wannan manufa.

dokokin iko

Kowane doka zatonsa a kan wani doka matsayi. Wancan ne, wadannan Categories ake gyarawa a cikin daban-daban da dokokinta. A wannan yanayin, zaton na rashin laifi yana da yawa kamar yadda biyu matakan da tsari, ba da key takardun da m shi.

1. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da zatonsa na rashin laifi ne mafi furta a cikin dokokin laifuffuka. An yake kunshe a cikin manyan laifuka Hanya Code na Rasha Federation, wato labarin 14. Bisa tanade-tanaden bayar da norms, zaton shi ne m ga duk tilasta doka da kuma shari'a hukumomi.
2. Mataki na ashirin da 49 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ma yana dauke da aka ambata a baya manufa. Wannan arziki na da doka ta asali, a gaskiya, shi ne dalilin da aikace-aikace na irin wannan doka yi a cikin dokokin laifuffuka.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba a matsayi ne na da doka ta asali a zatonsa na rashin laifi, kamar yadda yake fadi.

Mataki na ashirin da 49 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki

Saboda haka, rate daga cikin muhimman hakkokin dokar na Rasha Federation gaya labarin da wata doka tsarin kamar yadda zaton na rashin laifi. A lokaci guda Art. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation bayyana ba kawai da ra'ayi, amma kuma da dama wasu fannoni na ce doka sabon abu. A labarin da ta kunshi sassa uku. A kowane daga cikinsu akwai quite ban sha'awa al'amurran da zatonsa, misali:

• Part 1 of Art. 49 na Rasha kundin tsarin mulki ta ce game da rashin laifi na wani mutum, muddin ya laifin da aka tabbatar da daidai da hanya kafa ta Rasha ta zartas da doka.
• The h. 2 nufin da rashin iyawa don gabatar da wani wajibi a kan mai tsaro ya tabbatar da rashin laifi.
• A hr. 3 tbsp. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation nuna cewa fatally, kar shakka kamar yadda ga mai tsaro ta Laifi to a iya fassara a cikin ni'imar.

Kamar yadda muka gani, ya wakilci matsayi na tsarin mulki na kullum magana game da kebantattun rawar da zatonsa na rashin laifi a halin yanzu dokar da doka filin matsayin dukan. Gaskiyar cewa category ne yake kunshe a cikin Basic Law, yin shi da muhimman hakkokin zuwa ga dukan tsarin shari'ar na kasar mu. Domin karin sosai bincika duk al'amurran da category, shi wajibi ne don bincika kowane ɓangare na shari'a norms.

A rashin laifi na mutum da kuma aiwatar da aka kafa

Idan muka bincika abu. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation da comments, da yawa daga cikin al'amurran ne bayyananne. Alal misali, kashi na farko ya ce da laifin wani mutum za a tabbatar da daidai da dokar. Daga wannan bayani, iyo daga biyu muhimmanci al'amurran.

• Da fari dai, ya san wani mutum da laifin wani abu ya kamata a yi da ma'ana.
• Na biyu, tara shaida na laifi ke faruwa a cikin kafa doka hanyoyin.

A cikin farko idan muna magana ne game da ayyukan da na gudanar da bincike hukumomi, gudanar da bincike, la'anta kuma, ba shakka, da kotu. Bayan duk, wadannan hukumomin ne iya tsara da kuma aiwatar da wani haƙiƙa aiwatar da tabbatar da laifin mutum. Game da na biyu al'amari, shi ne mai matuqar muhimmanci, kuma, ga wakilan jami'an tsaro. Ya kamata a lura, akwai shaida na laifi a cikin wasu hanya, da take hakkin wanda entails asarar duk tattara shaida. A wannan yanayin, akwai daya wajen muhimmanci. Shi ba ya nufin wani abu ba tare da wata kotu tofin kanta hujja tsari.

Rashin iyawa don gabatar wajibi

Part 2 tbsp. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation, ga abin da comments aka gabatar a cikin labarin, ta haramta tilasta mutum a kan nasu a tabbatar da rashin laifi. A wasu kalmomin, idan wani mutum yana sanya wani alibi, da dacewa jikin pre-fitina bincike suna zamar masa dole ya tabbatar da kansa. The mutum a cikin wannan hali ba a bukata don samar da wani bayani, takardun da sauran shaida wa taimaka kansu daga tuhuma.

Wannan arziki rinjayar da yawa procedural dangantakar. Ga misali, da ake zargin ko zargi iya ƙi su yi shaida, amsa tambayoyi, ko, a maimakon haka, ba shaida cewa shi deems zama dole a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki. A wasu kalmomin, da mutum ne free to zabi ayyukansu, kamar yadda ya yi shi shigar da wani abu babu wanda zai iya. Saboda haka, dole ne shaida nuna cikakkiyar laifi takamaiman mutumin a cikin hukumar an yi. In ba haka ba, mutane za su ci gaba da za a kwarewarsa, m.

imputation shakka

A tanadi of Art. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation kuma gaya game da dokokin fassarar shakka mutum laifi. A Part 3, ya ce cewa shakku game da mutum hannu a cikin laifi ya kamata a fassara a cikin ni'imar da rashin laifi. Amma a nan akwai wani bayani dalla-dalla. A kasa line ne cewa wadannan shakka ba duk hujjojin. Mutane daya-daya abubuwa na mutum da laifi dole yiwu ga ma'ana da sosai bari. A wannan yanayin na shakka bayyanannu a cikin hujjar cewa za su iya yi musu ba, ko kuma toshe wasu facts. A wasu kalmomin, wadannan yanayi ne m, kuma ba gardama.

The darajar category ga m dokokin

A cikin kasa shari'a tsarin, akwai mutane da yawa ban sha'awa Categories, daya daga wanda yake zaton na rashin laifi. RF kundin tsarin mulki (art. 49) na samar da wani m bayanin wannan sabon abu. Amma a wannan yanayin, mai ma'ana tambaya: abin da yake irin rawa da zaton na rashin laifi a cikin kasa dokokin? Abu na farko da a lura da shi ne gaskiya cewa wannan ma'aikata ne gaba ɗaya demokra] iyya.

Wannan shi ne, ta zama Nazari jigon da jihar kanta. A daya hannun, zaton na rashin laifi Yanã wasu ainihin fasali na aiki na wasu gabobin. Yana tsaye rinjayar da aiwatar dalilai na laifi da bincike. Bugu da kari, kasancewar zaton ya ce Rasha ya gusa daga ka'idojin gina totalitarian siyasa tsarin mulki a kasar.

A zatonsa na rashin laifi a sauran masana'antu

Kamar yadda muka fahimta shi, art. 49 na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation ne ba kawai tushen dokar ake magana a kai a cikin Mataki na ashirin da kayayyaki. Wannan doka abu ya faru a cikin da dama rassan zamani dokar, wato:

• laifi.

• gwamnati.
• haraji.

A gaban zaton na rashin laifi a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin damar domin gina da yawa doka dangantaka. Bayan duk, da doka ta asali shi ne tushen shari'a iko na tsarin.

Mu yi kokarin gano abin da ya ƙunshi zaton na rashin laifi. RF kundin tsarin mulki (Art. 49) ya bayyana wannan musamman doka batu. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura da cewa ta zama ta canza kusan dukan tsarin shari'ar kasar mu ga mafi alhẽri.