A tsirrai a cikin rayuwar mutum da kuma a cikin yanayi. Rawar da shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Tsire-tsire ciyar da mu, sa, dumi, faranta wa ido a cikin dakin collections, bouquets da kuma na fure qagaggun. Nau'in cewa yin up da kore ado na duniya tamu, suna iya kafa gudanar da mahadi da a saki oxygen a yanayin duniya. Great darajar shuke-shuke a rayuwar mutum, a yanayi, tattalin arziki da ayyuka na yawan jama'a. Babban kwatance na m amfani da fahimi rawar da wannan babban rukuni na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Green mu'ujiza yanayi

Tsire-tsire da za a iya samu a ko'ina: a cikin gandun daji, da filin, a kan teku bene, wani digo na ruwa a kan dutsen. Daga cikin wannan rukuni na abubuwa masu rai tsaya unicellular da kwayar kwayoyin. A kimiyya da cewa karatu shuke-shuke, su tsari, rarraba, kuma taxonomy - o. The tarin duk shuka iri da ake samu a wannan yanki - yana da Flora.

Akwai uku siffofin rayuwa. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin bayyanar: itatuwa, shrubs kuma ganye. Daban-daban rayuwa Hasashen ne halayyar annuals, biennials da kuma Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. Akwai a duniya a babban rukuni na spore-kafa kwayoyin - ne algae, mosses, kulob din mosses, ferns. Don tsaba ne gymnosperms, kuma flowering. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna amfani da mutum tun a tarihi mai nisa.

Rasha masanin kimiyya K. A. Timiryazev rubuta cewa kore Kwayoyin yi aiki a matsayin "Prometheus, wanda ya saci wuta daga sama." Idan hasken rana haskoki aka conserved makamashi generated kwayoyin abubuwa da shuke-shuke. Timiryazev, wanda ya yi karatu da chlorophyll da kuma rawar da shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum, da ake kira kore mazaunan duniya, "da shiga tsakani da tsakanin sama da ƙasa." Kimiyya nufi da aiwatar da samuwar a kore sel sukari da kuma sitaci - photosynthesis. Wannan kalmar Helenanci nufin "wani fili daga cikin haske", kuma tana nufin wani takamaiman hanyar cin abinci - autotrophic. Talikan-autotrophs halitta daga inorganics gudanar da mahadi yin amfani da haske da makamashi (hasken rana ko wucin gadi haske). Mutane da dabbobi ba su saba da irin wannan tsari, saboda haka, bukatar shuke-shuke.

photosynthesis

Tushen sha ruwa daga ƙasa, kuma ma'adinai salts ta hanyar microscopic ramuka a cikin ganye, permeates carbon dioxide daga cikin iska. Wadannan inorganic abubuwa a sakamakon sinadaran halayen na photosynthesis, wani bangare ne na sukari da kuma sitaci. A tsari ya haifar da ci gaba da muhimmancin shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi da mutum rayuwa. Photosynthesis jigon nuna makirci 6SO ₂ + 6H ₂ Ya → C ₆ H ₁₂ Yã ₆ + ₂ 6D. Faruwa a cikin shuke-shuke da sauran sinadaran halayen cewa samar daban-daban abubuwa (sitaci, cellulose, sunadarai, fats, lignin, bitamin, resins da yawa wasu). Suna ta cinye shuka ne mai muhimmanci a cikin abinci da kuma mutum jiyya, ya samu kafafu hudu abokai - dabbobi.

Rawar da shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Autotrophic halittu masu muhimmanci ga duk rai a duniya. A tsirrai da aka ƙaddara da wadannan halaye na sunadarai matakai a kore Kwayoyin:

• wadata Hanyar cikin abin da tunawa da makamashi da ake amfani da halayen da haske.
• selection na oxygen da ake bukata domin mutum numfashi, dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da kansu.
• samuwar kwayoyin abubuwa.
• fahimta na carbon dioxide, wani babban abun ciki wanda shi ne cutarwa ga mutane da dabbobi.

A duniya, akwai musayar abubuwa da kuma makamashi a zaba al'ummomi da kuma a kan duniya sikelin. Akwai short da kuma dogon abinci, sarƙoƙi da suka samar da mains:

• gandun daji ciyawa → zomo → Fox.
• Nectar da pollen na furanni ƙudan zuma → → pern (kaji).
• Clover maraƙi → → mutum.

The darajar kore shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum - hallara a ruwa circulations, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide da sauran mahadi. Alal misali, kwayar halitta mai rai ta ba su iya assimilate da nitrogen kwayoyin daga iska da kuma ƙasa. Sinadarin ake bukata don ƙirƙirar da gina jiki - manyan "ginin kasa" da kuma gina jiki.

A kan tushen da legume nodules kafa kunshi nitrogen-kayyade kwayoyin. Sun sha nitrogen kunshe ne a cikin iska, ciko voids a cikin ƙasa, shi ne tuba zuwa cikin mahadi don leguminous shuke-shuke. Wannan symbiosis - amfani hadin gwiwa na daban-daban halittu masu rai. Lokacin da tsire-tsire mutu, kasar gona da aka wadãtar da nitrogen mahadi, su za a iya assimilated da rai asalinsu. Ga wani mutumin legumes - wani muhimmin tushen furotin. A noma, suna amfani da kore taki.

Green shuke-shuke da kuma abun da ke ciki na iska

A tsirrai a cikin yanayi da mutum rai ne sosai bambancin. Saboda haka, photosynthesis, nitrogen kam da transpiration (saki na ruwa tururi ganye) shafi abun da ke ciki na iska. Danshin na kore jiki don taimakawa kare kansu daga zafi fiye da kima. Godiya ga shuke-shuke, da iska shi ne sabo ne, mai tsabta, sanyi da kuma m:

• kore Kwayoyin sha da haske daga yanayi carbon dioxide da kuma sakin oxygen.
• leaf transpiration iya tsara da ruwa tururi abun ciki a cikin yanayi iska.
• Tsire-tsire riƙe turɓãya, toka da sauran abin gurɓatawa da suke cutarwa ga mutane;
• maras tabbas kasaftawa bar detrimental sakamako a kan pathogens.

Fahimi muhimmancin shuke-shuke a rayuwar mutum

Burbushin ragowar spores, pollen, leaf kwafi da petrified itace damar da masana kimiyya a gane abin da ya halitta miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, su kusantar da karshe game da canje-canje a cikin rayuwar su a duniya. Bisa ga shekara-shekara zobba a cikin itace za a iya gani a kan sauyin yanayi a tsawon shekaru. Akwai shuke-shuke, barometers, suka Bloom a ranar da rana da kuma furanni kusa da mummunan yanayi. A Calla ganye, balsam bayyana a gaban ruwan sama da ruwa droplets. Tsire-tsire suna sau da yawa amfani a gwaje-gwajen da wakilan daban-daban rassan kimiyya. Alal misali, muhalli, da yin nazarin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na sel da kyallen takarda hukunci samu muhalli.

Tsire-tsire bauta a matsayin abu don shuka kiwo, ya yi nazarin hanyoyi na watsa daga hereditary bayanai. Akwai m lokuta, a lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da gangan amfani a gwaje-gwajen da kuma sanya muhimmanci binciken. Alal misali, Banasare Robert Boyle bazata gano Manuniya sunadarai dripped cikin pruning violets a gilashin fure. Tsire-tsire .ba abu ga halittar hadaddun fasaha na'urorin, Engineering Tsarin (bionics).

Tsire-tsire da kuma Industry

Green Kwayoyin yi aiki a matsayin hasken rana batura. An adana a cikin sinadaran shaidu kwayoyin sunadaran kwayoyin. A gandun daji da cewa rufe ƙasa a cikin m ma'aunan kasa epochs, sun ba Yunƙurin zuwa adibas na ci. Burbushin kayayyakin na photosynthesis kuma sun hada da man fetur, peat, iskar gas, da man fetur shale.

Shuka bambancin, muhimmancin shuke-shuke a rayuwar mutum hade da tartsatsi amfani a cikin abinci, katako-sinadaran, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, kuma yadi, Pharmaceutical da sauran masana'antu. gizo kayayyakin - mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da furniture, kayan gini, hydrolytic barasa, yã kãsance kãfur ne da kuma sauran abubuwa. A cewar} iyasta, Adam ya sani dubu 20. Yana amfani da itace. A mafi tsoho - incineration don samar da zafi, da gina gine-gine, fences, samar da takarda.

M feedstocks ne fibrous amfanin gona (auduga, flax, jute, hemp, da dai sauransu). Source na halitta roba ne a wurare masu zafi itace Hevea. Turare, da kayan shafawa ba ba tare da aromatic shuke-shuke.

Noma da aikin lambu

A tsirrai a rayuwar mutum hade da yin amfani da abinci, domin abinci, kayan ado na ƙauyuka da kuma wurare. Wadannan kungiyoyin rabu da irin aikin gona da yin amfani da:

• hatsi (alkama, da shinkafa, da sha'ir, hatsin rai, masara da sauran).
• legumes (Peas, waken soya, wake).
• 'ya'yan itace (apple, ceri, currant, rasberi, da dai sauransu).
• sweeteners (rake, sugar gwoza).
• kayan lambu (tumatir, kokwamba, barkono, da dai sauransu).
• oilseeds (sunflower, da fyade, flax).
• ado (Lilac, fure, Chrysanthemum, aster, da dai sauransu).

Hatsi da kuma legumes

Sunadaran gina jikin tsirrai a rayuwar mutum ba za a iya overestimated. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa game da 2/3 na rage cin abinci na yawan jama'a a kasashe daban-daban sa up ganye kayayyakin. By amfani abubuwa sun hada da sunadarai, carbohydrates, fats, bitamin, Organic acid.

Tsire-tsire suna ci abinci sabo ne ko sarrafa a matsayin dukan ko kawai sassa daga gare ta. A gagarumin taro na gina jiki lura a hatsi. Yana da wani m tushen carbohydrates, sunadaran da fats. Daga cikin tsaba samu gari domin yin burodi gidan burodi kayayyakin, samar da taliya da kuma hatsi kayayyakin. Prized a dafa abinci da kuma abin da ake ci tsaba leguminous shuke-shuke.

Kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma sukari shũka

Tsire-tsire tara gudanar da mahadi a ajiye a cikin 'ya'yan, da kuma kwararan fitila tubers, akalla - a cikin mai tushe, ganye da kuma rhizomes. Darajar shuka rayuwa da kuma mutum abinci mai gina jiki da aka ayyana ta sa na mahadi da aka adana a cikin m sassa. Mai cell ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da bitamin da kuma sauran narkar da abubuwa kunshe a cikin' ya'yan, kwararan fitila, tubers da kuma ganye, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da Berry amfanin gona.

A lokacin dafa abinci halaka wasu daga cikin muhimmanci da mahadi, kamar bitamin. Shi ya sa dietitians bayar da shawarar zuwa cinye mafi nunannun 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu. Akwai kungiyoyin na mutane, gaba daya switched shuka abinci - cin ganyayyaki da kuma vegans.

A tsirrai a rayuwar mutum ne richness bitamin sa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, ganye, tushen da tsaba dauke da mutane da yawa muhimmanci sadarwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin bitamin a cikin shuke-shuke da cewa ya kasance a cikin kungiyoyin A, B, C, E, da kuma K. Wadannan su ne abubuwa da tsara metabolism a kore jiki, kazalika a cikin jikin mutum, dabba. A rashi ko rashin nazarin halittu catalysts take kaiwa zuwa cuta. Alal misali, a rashin bitamin C, wanda shi ne mai arziki a cikin sabo da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da haddasa lalacewar gumis kuma a kusa da jikin mutum - scurvy. Magance hypo-da kuma bitamin hadaddun, yana da sauki ga hana wadannan ba a ke so yanayi, cinyewa sabo kayan lambu da kayayyakin.

Shuka amfanin gona, abin da tara a wani gagarumin adadin zaki ruwan jikinsu. shi ne mai karfi, evaporated da kuma sukari. M acid na tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da muhimmanci kamar yadda aka gyara na edible mai. Wine, giya, shayi, kofi, koko da ruwan 'ya'yan itace samu daga' ya'yan itãce, berries, kayan lambu, da tsaba da kuma ganye.

miyagun ƙwayoyi shuke-shuke

Bugu da kari a wadannan yankunan, characterizing rawar da shuke-shuke a cikin rayuwar mutum, akwai wani madadin magani da cewa yana amfani da daji da kuma horar da jinsunan. Magani shuke-shuke dauke da muhimmanci daga likita ra'ayi na dangane:

• alkaloids da glycosides - da gudãnar sakamako a kan ayyuka na gabobin da kuma tsarin.
• tannins - binders kuma mallaki anti-da ake dasu Properties.
• bitamin da kuma ma'adanai - da muhimmanci ga metabolism.
• muhimmanci mai - da anti-mai kumburi da antiseptic effects.
• Organic acid - sakamako a kan narkewa, fata, gashi.
• Flavonoids - gwada ƙarfi daga cikin jini.
• maras tabbas - yi da microbes.

Saboda haka, rawar da shuke-shuke a rayuwar mutum shi ne ikon synthesise abubuwa wajibi ne a rayuwa. Magunguna samu daga shuka kayan, ne softer, da wuya da illa, idan aka kwatanta da roba mahadi. Magani Properties muhimmi ga daruruwan jinsunan Flora, musamman yaba da wadannan iri:

• Turai Birch (buds, ganye, haushi, sap).
• rosehip cinnamaldehyde (ƙarya ya'yan itãcen).
• plantain (ganye).
• Valeriana officinalis (tushen).
• chamomile (Inflorescence).
• kananan-Leaved lemun tsami (furanni).

Ba tare da shuke-shuke, da wanzuwar mutãne ne ba zai yiwu ba, don haka duniya kore ado bukatun a cikin m amfani, girmamawa da kuma sabuntawa.