A tarayya jihar - da mafi kyau duka nau'i na gwamnati

Gwamnatin tarayya ne da nisa mafi m nau'i na jihar-yankin tsarin manyan jihohin ko jihohi a wanda yawan jama'ar da aka sanya a kan wata kasa akai.

Don kwanan wata, masana kimiyya ba su ba guda definition of wani tarayya jihar, duk da haka, nazarin da mafi matsayi, wani irin jiha za a iya bayyana a matsayin m-tarayya jihar, kunsha na biyu ko fiye administrative ƙasa, sõyayya da na kowa cibiyar a kan tushen da kundin tsarin mulki. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, irin wannan jiha ne halin da wasu siffofin:

1. rarraba ikon - da "cibiyar" da kuma batutuwa na Tarayya suna da doka a cikin kundin tsarin mulki na iyawa tafiyad da jama'a al'amurran da suka shafi;
2. da rabo daga cikin tsarin shari'a a kan tarayya (wajibi ga duk 'yan asalin kasar) da kuma batutuwa na Tarayya tsarin (aiki ne kawai a kan ƙasa na Tarayya magana).
3. da mulkin na tsakiyar tsarin shari'a na tsarin na tarayya batu;
4. bikameralizm - bukatun da batutuwa na Tarayya suna wakilta a cikin sama majalisar.
5. rashin doka abokai na Tarayya to balle daga Tarayya.
6. qa'ida ta dual dan kasa - da dan kasa na tarayya da kuma batun.

Gwamnatin tarayya a yau shi ne halayyar for 24 kasashe, ciki har Switzerland, da Amurka, Brazil, Canada da kuma Rasha. Dukan su sun aka halitta a cikin uku main hanyoyi: miƙa mulki daga tarayya zuwa Tarayya a kan wata kwangila akai, ko da miƙa mulki daga unitary jihar zuwa Tarayya.

Unitary da kuma tarayya jihar.

Da muhawara game da abin da nau'i na administrative-yankin tsarin ne mafi alhẽri kiyaye da shekara guda tsakanin malamai. Yawanci, kowane daga cikin masana kimiyya gabatar da su muhawara a cikin ni'imar daya ko wani nau'i. Unitary jihar - shi ne wani m nau'i na kananan jihohi a wanda al'umma guda zaune. A ƙasa a cikin wannan yanayin ne zuwa kashi yankunan da suke da batun shari'a gwamnatin ta kafa gwamnatin tsakiya. Fuskanci zamani jihohin nuna cewa unitary form dace da Multi-kasa jihohi a wadda jama'a hukumomi za su iya samar da su hadin kai.

Gwamnatin tarayya ga jihohi a wadda ƙungiyar ya faru a kan kasa, yankin ko tattalin arziki da bukatun. A wannan yanayin, tarayya cibiyar adjusts janar jama'a al'amurran da suka shafi ta samar da batutuwa na Tarayya don magance takamaiman al'amurran da suka shafi cewa taso a cikin shakka daga gwamnati na musamman batu na tarayya. Gwamnatin tarayya za su iya zama wani manufa zabin bayani ga jihohin da suke da unitary da suke a Jihar "daskararre rikici." Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin wajibi ne a gaba domin sanin irin Tarayya - da Karkasa (cibiyar - karfi, batun - rauni) ko rarraba (da Center ma'anar da janar ra'ayi na ci gaba, da batun solves dukkan sauran al'amurran da suka shafi).

Unitary da kuma tarayya jihar a yau sun fi na kowa siffofin administrative gwamnati. Wannan halin da ake ciki ne quite m, tun wadannan biyu siffofin gwamnati ne manufa domin gina wata doka jihar.

Rasha - wata tarayya jihar.

Domin irin wannan bambancin da tattalin arziki da kabilanci Lines kamar yadda kasar Rasha tarayya nau'i na jihar-yankin tsarin ne mafi wani zaɓi.

Samuwar Rasha a matsayin Tarayya ne saboda da tarihi da cigaban. Duk da haka, da rawar da haddasa a cikin wannan tsari aka buga ta 1993 kundin tsarin mulki, a cikin abin da majalisar dauki la'akari da kwarewa na magabata da kuma bayar da batutuwa na Tarayya wajen m hakkin. Saboda haka, bisa ga na farko da rubutu na kundin tsarin mulki na Rasha Federation da aka rarraba. Amma a kan na karshe shekaru 10 shi ne a fili a bayyane Trend zuwa wani Karkasa Tarayya. Wannan sauyin da ake dangantawa da wani babban yankin da kuma kabilu abun da ke ciki na kasar yawan jama'a, kula da abin da aka sa ta da bukatar magance matakai na ballewa to su ne msar tambayar bayyanar a cikin ƙasa na Rasha. Tarayya jihar ga wani ba lokaci ya gana da bukatun na Rasha Federation, da al'ada aiki na biyu da dokar da kuma tare da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa wuraren view.