A takaice dai labarinsa na rayuwa da kuma aiki na Chekhov

Yau muna gaya game da Anton Chekhov - game da rayuwarsa. Kuma Chekhov ta aiki za a gabatar a wannan labarin. Bari mu fara da taƙaitaccen biography, sa'an nan bayyana kome a cikin daki-daki.

A takaice dai labarinsa na rayuwa da kuma aiki A. P. Chehova

• Anton Pavlovich Chehov aka haife 17 (29) Janairu 1860 a Taganrog. The iyali da mahaifansa biyu - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (m) da kuma Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• A lokaci daga 1876 zuwa 1878 - wannan lokaci, na farko da wallafe-wallafen gwaje-gwajen da na marubuci.
• Karatu a Jami'ar Moscow, a Faculty of Medicine, da aka gudanar a 1879-1884, bi da bi.
• A 1880 ya buga na farko ayyukan marubuci, kazalika da aikin da aka za'ayi a daban-daban comic mujallu "Agogon ƙararrawa", "niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa ashe," "Mazari".
• A 1890, Chekhov ya tafi zuwa tsibirin Sakhalin.
• Ya fara aiki a 1898 tare da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo, wadda aka gudanar a lokaci guda farko daga cikin play "tsuntsun seagull".
• OL aure to Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 gg. - da play aka farko halshen a Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin sunan "The Cherry Orchard."
• A shekara ta 1904, 2 (15) na Yuli, da marubuci ya rasu a Badenweiler, a cikin Jamus makõma.

Saboda haka, mu taƙaice bayyana rai da kuma aiki na Chekhov. Table, wanda za a iya sanya daga wannan labarinsa, zai taimake ka ka fi assimilate da bayanai, idan kana so ka tuna key kwanakin hade da mutum na Anton Chekhov.

Idan kana so ka more in-zurfin ilmi daga cikin biography, zai taimake ku, a fairly cikakken shaci na rayuwa da kuma aiki na Chekhov cewa mun sanya da tayin zuwa your hankali a yau.

A mahaifansa biyu 'gida

Chehov Anton Pavlovich aka haife shi a Taganrog. Kakansa ya kasance mai serf da haihuwa, amma zai sayi ga kansa da kuma iyalinsa da kuma bauta sa'an nan Estate manajan (wasu daga cikin siffofin da ya image nuna a cikin hali na firs "The Cherry Orchard"). Uba Anton Pavlovich mallakar wani kantin kayan miya, amma ya sãɓã, rashin iyawa da za su gudanar da harkokin tattalin arziki, shi ne impractical. A halin sõyayya yawa: bai wa yara m iyawa (Paul G. kyau a zane, amma kuma m na music, wasa da goge, ya ƙaunace coci tsarkakewa) tare da imperiousness da kuma nauyi wofi tare da girmamawa ga iyali da sauransu. Chekhov, ƙarfafu da yara, rubuta zuwa Alexander, yayansa a 1883 cewa yara aka guba azabar. Family despotism da azãba ci gaba a Chekhov kin amincewa da tashin hankali da rashin adalci, da bege ga 'yancin kai, wani heightened gabar kai girma.

Independence a rayuwa

Kuma kerawa, da kuma rayuwa na Chekhov ta farkon ya zama m. A cikin iyali, yara da sauri ya zama m. Da 'ya'ya maza taimaka a kasuwanci, daga farkon shekarun aiki a cikin shagon. Anton Pavlovich haka daga wani matashi, aka nutsa cikin wani iyali yanayi: ya tsabtace Apartment, ya tafi kasuwa, dauki ruwa, wanke kansa kwala domin siffar, cike da man kananzir fitilu.

Amma a cikin rayuwarsa akwai wani abu kuma: m wasanni da kuma skits cewa Chekhov kansa ƙirƙira da kuma buga tare da 'yan'uwansa, kama kifi. The iyali fara yin wani haske uwa, wanda ya fasaha, m da kuma irin mace.

Duniya na halitta a cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na Chekhov

Tun suna yara, Anton Pavlovich ƙaunar da na halitta duniya, ya bar mai zurfi alama a ransa, farkar da ƙishirwa ga rayuwa. Kuma aikin Chekhov ya nuna wannan. A cikin labarun da muka hadu da bayanin irin steppe, da Taganrog Bay ( "The Steppe", "A Kirsimeti Night" da sauransu.). Very sa samun abinci sane da dangane da yanayin da marubuci cikin rayuwa da kuma ya nuna a cikin aikin na ta bayyanawa tasiri a rayuwar mutum. A Chekhov ta ayyukan humanized hali: dabbobi, furanni, itatuwa, tunani da kuma jin kamar yadda mutãne ( "Kada ku ji tsõro", "White-fronted", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Ilimi a makaranta

A yayana ya gudanar ya kama da lokacin da iyali kasance amintacciyã: gida ziyartar malami Faransa, bayan da ya aka maye gurbinsu da Mme. Domin Nicholas, ɗan'uwan nan gaba marubuci, aka gayyace a matsayin music malami.

Lokacin da Anton girma, iyali kudi halin da ake ciki ya tsananta, don haka ya ya iya samun kawai high-makaranta ilimi. Musamman sha'awa cikin karatu nahawu makaranta a Chekhov, duk da haka, bai sa. Wannan ma'aikata ya hankula ga cewa lokaci. A da shi ba za ka iya yin fiye ko žasa daidai ra'ayin Chekhov ta gajeren labarin mai taken "The Man a wani Case".

A makarantar sakandare da-gudanar kimiyya, ina da wani kawo nesa kusa, da latest na'urorin a cikin ofisoshin. Anton a cikin darussan da na dokar Allah ta zama wani fi so almajiri na Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. A wani ban sha'awa, sabon abu da mutum wanda ya lura da wuri a nan gaba marubuci comic basira da kuma ba shi da sunan barkwanci Chekhonte wanda daga bisani Chekhov pseudonym. Saboda haka, ya taka rawar gani a rayuwarsa. Kuma aikin Chekhov ya dauki siffar ba tare da shigar da wannan ban sha'awa hali. Duk da haka, rinjaye a cikin wannan makaranta ruhu, yafi halin da takalidai da bureaucratism. A cikin ruhaniya samuwar nan gaba marubuci karfi da ya rinjayi littattafan da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Yana ɓullo da wani farkon soyayya ga drama: yana da shekaru 13 da shekaru, nan gaba marubuci ya riga na yau da kullum baƙo ga Taganrog wasan kwaikwayo.

Don wannan lokaci ne ma ya fara wallafe-wallafen kokari, yanzu da aka sani kawai da sunayen cewa an halicci yayin da Chekhov. Rayuwa da kerawa, a takaice, wannan lokaci alama ta wasu muhimmanci events. Basic sada facts da muka gabatar, kamar yadda gaisuwa kerawa, ka lura da wadannan. A matsayin] an makaranta, ya buga mujallar "Bunny", rubuta da comedy "Ba abin mamaki da tsarkakewa kaza" da kuma "Found da yanke lu'u-lu'u," kazalika da wasan kwaikwayo "maraya".

Busting Chekhov iyali

A 1876, mahaifin Anton Pavlovich tafi fatara, da aka tilasta tare da iyalinsa ya je Moscow. Anton aka bar shi kadai cikin Taganrog yana da shekaru 16 da shekaru, kamar yadda ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare. Ya fara aikatãwa bada zaman kansa darussa, kõre ko iyali remittances. Wadanda wuya shekaru, a rayuwar cikakken Loneliness, na gwaji da kuma wahalhalu, da gudummawar da farkon maturation na wani marubuci kamar Chekhov. Rayuwa da kuma aiki (a takaicce aka bayyana a) m lokaci alama ta da wadannan asali events.

Chekhov - dalibi na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar

Bayan zartar da karshe jarrabawa a 1879, Chekhov ya tafi zuwa Moscow. Ga shi kuwa aka lasafta a cikin Moscow University, da baiwa da magani. Daga cikin na farko Hakika Chekhov ya fara aiki a daban-daban mujallu, buga. Ga iyalai kusan kawai tushen kudi ya zama wallafe-wallafen albashi. Chekhov ya zama shugaban iyali da kuma ta bada.

A farko da aka buga da ayyuka

Farko da aka buga da ayyukansa (parody) ya fito a mujallar "Mazari". Czechs zabar wallafe-wallafen hanya, buga duka a comic da kuma tsanani nau'o'i. Duk da haka, a cikin farkon aikin da aka mamaye da tsohon. A karkashin daban-daban pseudonyms (Brother uwana, The Man Ba tare da wani baƙin ciki, Antosha Chehonte) shi aka buga a cikin comic mujallu ", niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa," "Mazari", "Ƙararrawa", "kallo". Babban nau'o'i a cikinsa, akwai wani m tura na lokacin, akwai daban-daban "kananan abubuwa" da aka halitta da wani canons: .. m Jagora, comic kalandarku, captions, labarbaru, kamus, comic ad, Littattafan, da dai sauransu Su Chekhov zarar ƙware kuma ya ji cewa ya kasance kusa da su.

Satirical da m labarai

A cikin shekaru 1882-1883 akwai irin labarun kamar yadda "Mutuwa ga hukuma," "lokacin farin ciki da na bakin ciki", " 'Yata na Albion." Duk da yake da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin nau'i na almara, cewa shi ne mai gajeren comic story, da comic wanda shi ne don canja wurin kira heroes. Czechs tãyar da Genre zuwa matakin na tsanani wallafe-wallafe. Daga cikin m fasali na Chekhov ta fage suna da wadannan: wani sauki sunan, wani m bayani da kwatancin ( "Burbot", "bako", "Taimako", "A cikin wanka"), suna cewa sunayen (pakara actor, Janar Zapupyrin m Ochumelov, Khriukin master) kuma funny magana da harshen haruffa.

A sabon sautin a cikin ayyukansu na Chekhov

Sharhuna daga baya ayyukansu sun riga ba a farko na labarun Chekhov: marubucin ya fashe da dariya a Wauta na hali da kuma tunani na mutane, su komai siffantawa. A tsawon lokaci, da ayyukan ne sabon tonality. Yana predominates a ayyukansu na ci mutumci har yanzu, amma ya samun wasu sabbin inuwõyinta suna kusa, sabon sauti - mai bakin ciki, lyrical. Ana iya gani daga motsi na izgili da bincike, da kuma a kan m haruffa - wani sabanin, wuya. Ana maye gurbinsu da images of mask mutum haruffa. A cikin labarun da suka shafi cikin tsawon 1883-1886 shekaru ( "arts", "tashin hankali", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), shi ne riga bayyane gaba Chekhov.

Yin Chekhov ta labarin

Ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma aiki na Chekhov. A takaice daga gare su, a cikin lokaci daga 1884 zuwa 1888 za a iya ba kamar haka. A 1884, bisa kammala jami'a karatu, Chekhov aiki a Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Shi ne kuma mai wakilinmu ga Moscow jarida, "niƙaƙƙun". A lokacin daga 1884 zuwa 1888 ya samar da dama ayyukan - fiye da 350. Chekhov ta labarin a wannan lokaci da aka sanya a matsayin asali da kuma sabon abu na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Chekhov a cikin wannan kananan Genre gudanar ya saukar da wata babbar m, zamantakewa da kuma falsafa ciki. Abin mamaki capacious shi wannan nau'i.

A flowering na iyawa Anton Chekhov a cikin Genre na labarin

Na tsawon 1880-1890-ies hali irin aka ƙaddara da karshe (talakawan, talakawa, sau da yawa "kadan" mutane). The abu image zama mundane, rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan lokaci ne dauke da heyday na Chekhov ta iyawa. Samar da sabon tarin. A 1886 - "Motley Stories" a 1887 - "Innocent magana" da "A faɗuwar rana", a 1888 - "Stories" a 1890 - "ciki mutane." Marubuci Pushkin Prize aka bayar ga littafin da ake kira "A faɗuwar rana". A cikin fall na 1887, ya rubuta wani comedy "Ivanov", sa'an nan - vaudeville "Jubilee", "Wedding", "The shawara" da kuma "The Bear", wanda aka sanya shi a cikin masu sana'a sinimomi.

Chekhov aka aika zuwa tsibirin Sakhalin

A tafiya zuwa Sakhalin canja rayuwa da aiki na Chekhov. A takaice bayyana babban events na lokaci. A wannan tsibirin, Chekhov ya tafi zama kusa ga laifin. A nan sai ya sanya watanni uku kadai ƙidaya, magana da mutane daban-daban. Chekhov, kamar yadda wani dan kasa da kuma artist, ya yanke shawarar nuna mutanen da matsananci gaskiya. A sakamakon da tafiya - da aka buga a 1894 da littafin "The Island na Sakhalin".

Works rubuta a cikin 90s

Bayan haka, mamaki na cikin gida gaskiya, da ya bi mafi mummunan. A farko daga cikin manyan ayyukan da aka rubuta bayan da tafiya ta zama wani labarin da ake kira "duel" (da aka buga a 1891), kazalika da "bẽne, №6" - da labarin, wanda aka buga a 1892.

Czechs a cikin shekaru 90 ya rubuta game da masifa, ainihin komai bane illa kawayeniya, insolvency daban-daban rayuwa shirye-shirye ( "Rothschild ta irin goge", "fara," "Malam na Wallafe-wallafe"). A wannan lokaci, kamar yadda wadannan labaru da aka halitta kamar "Game love", "Gooseberries," "Man a wani Case", "Ionich".

A cikin bazara na 1892 da marubuci zauna a Melikhovo Estate kusa Moscow, tsunduma a sadaka zamantakewa, ya bi manoma, gini makarantu, likita cibiyar. Ya canza rayuwarsa. Chekhov, rayuwa, waɗanda ayyukansu ne juna, samar da a kan tushen da kwarewa aiki "A kwazazzabo", "New Villa", "a kan wani cart", "Guys".

Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

A farko yanki, wanda ya fara Chekhovian dramaturgy - yana da "The tsuntsun seagull." Yana da aka aiwatar a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Alexandria a 1896. Duk da haka, da ra'ayin bai yi nasara ba. A dalilin - da fahimci yawa na Chekhov ta} ir}. Bayan shekaru 2 a samar da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo, ta sa a furor. Bayan "The tsuntsun seagull," zo cikin play "Uncle Vanya" (1899), ya taka leda a babbar nasara. A baya ayyuka ( "Three Sisters" da kuma "The Cherry Orchard" - 1901 da kuma 1903 shekaru, bi da bi) aiwatuwa riga a cika ka'idojin ban mamaki marubucin.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A 1897, Chekhov aka tilasta tafi zuwa ga tarin fuka asibitin, kuma sai ku ciyar da hunturu 1897-1898 a Nice. A nema daga cikin likitocin ya tafi a watan Satumba 1898, a Yalta, inda ya ciyar da hunturu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da marubuci da aka shirya tattara ayyukan, wanda, a biyu bugu (1899-1902 th da kuma 1903 ta.) Ya bayyana a buga.

A 1901, wani marubuci aure to Olga Knipper Leonardovna actress.

A hankali, da kiwon lafiya rincabewa, da likitocin da ta nace a kan aika zuwa Jamus a Badenweiler. Wannan marubuci ya tafi tare da matarsa. 2 (15) a cikin watan Yuli 1904 shi ne na karshe ranar ransa.

Kuma aikin Chekhov, da jama'a ayyukan, da kuma daban-daban facts daga tarihin rayuwa nuna mana cewa shi ya kasance wani babban mutum ruhaniya akida da kuma kyawawan dabi'u. Godiya ga kamar ya ne, mu duniya samun kadan mafi alhẽri. Tarihi da rayuwar da aikin na Chekhov An gabatar a wannan labarin. Za mu zama farin ciki idan ta ya sa ka ka so ka ci gaba da sani da wannan gagarumar marubuci. A rayuwa da kuma aiki na Chekhov, da biography ne sosai umarni da kuma ban sha'awa. A cikin wannan labarin, da rashin alheri, duk cikakkun bayanai ba zai yiwu ba ga gaya.