A mafi zurfi lake a duniya. A mafi zurfi da kuma cleanest lake

"Baikal, zai ze, shi ne ya kashe mutum tare da girma da kuma size - shi duka babban, duk da kyau, a cikin ni'ima, da kuma m - shi ne, a maimakon haka, shi kiwata." Wadannan su ne kalmomin Rasputin, sun fi mayar da shafi al'adar Rasha Empire, wata katuwar da ke shafar Rasha da kuma duniya har yanzu.

Amma abin da yake da shi a zahiri? idan image ne daban-daban a cikin tunaninsu da lamirinsu da abin da ya bayyana ga idanunsa na matafiya, yawon bude ido, da masu daukan hoto, masu bincike? Mene ne mafi zurfi lake a duniya a gaskiya? Bari mu yi kokarin koyi Baikal kusa.

Baikal inda ya tafi?

Baikal - a crack a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, ne mafi zurfi lake a duniya, dake a tsakiyar Asiya, tsakanin Buryatia da Irkutsk yankin. Ciki shi ne cibiyar da ake kira Baikal sabani zone magma karkashin wanda heats haushi kuma shi shimfidawa ga bangarorin. A sakamakon haka, Lake Baikal ne na girma a 2 cm a kowace shekara, kuma a cikin m nan gaba zai zama wani cikakken fledged teku. Ko da yake yanzu da ruwa a cikinsa domin kowane mutum a duniya yake da isasshen for miliyan 3.2 lita.

An yi imani da cewa samuwar tasa fara kewaye 25-20 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. Amma a sakamakon da balaguro "halittu a kan Baikal" a shekara ta 2009, masu bincike daga Ulan-Ude a kan lake kasa laka volcanoes gano cewa, bisa ga jarrabawa, kafa da adibas da yashi, kuma silt a kan kasa. Irin wannan samu "rejuvenated" jiki na ruwa zuwa 150 shekara dubu, kuma da bakinta - har zuwa 8000.

Peoples na Lake Baikal da su Legends

A sakamakon archaeological bincike Irkutsk State University ce cewa 3000 shekaru da suka wuce aka sanaki Huns bakin Tekun Baikal. 2000-1500 shekaru da suka wuce, suka rabu da Turkic-magana mutãnensu, kadan daga baya - a cikin 7-8 ƙarni - da kuma Mongol.

Don 12-13 ƙarni. BC zaune Baikal Barghouti, wanda ƙarshe tura Buryats zaune a kan lake ya zuwa yanzu. Baikal ne alfarma ga Buryats. Akwai su da yawa Legends game da asalin.

Daya daga cikin su ya yi iƙirari cewa mafi zurfi lake a duniya ya zo daga zuciya na wani baƙo ne, wanda ya kone ƙasa sosai. Daga cikin zurfin na duniya kwararo rafi na ruwa da kuma cika rami.

Wajaba a asiri, kuma da kwari da duwãtsu. Alal misali, Shaman rock a tsibirin. Shige da ta yiwu ba ƙafafun. Kawai wani doki ko sleigh. All saboda owner zaune a cikin dutse na Angara, Ama Sagan-Noyon. Kuma da Shaman-dutse - shi ne wani yanki na dutse, wanda Baikal kashe 'yarsa Angara.

Me "Baikal"?

Watakila, da zarar ya rayu a cikin Baikal yankin da Turks kira mafi zurfi lake a duniya saya-Kul, wanda ke nufin "m lake". Akwai tsammãnin da Mongolian Baigal Dalai, wanda ke nufin "babban tafkin", kuma ya kasance sunansa.

Discovery na lake Baikal

Da zuwan mutane a kan Lake Baikal soma nazarin shi. A sakamakon "kimiyya" mutãnen farkon ya za a iya gani a Cape Ludar cikin kogwanni da petroglyphs na Neolithic a Sin tarihin Kirista zamanin.

Masomin nazarin Lake Baikal Rasha za a iya daukan tsakiyar 17th karni. A 1643 Kurbat Ivanov bude lake. Avvakum Petrov, na farko don bayyana a kan takarda da majestic giant. A 1667, mafi zurfi lake a duniya a karon farko da ya samu a kan taswira "takarda Siberian Land", da kuma kadan daga baya, Nikolai Spafary aka bayyana shi kimiyya.

Ilimi Academy of Sciences ba impetus ga nazarin da lake. Tun 1723 a Baikal yankin da aka gudanar na labarin kasa, cartographic, hydrographic balaguro, an tsara, sa a gaba shiriritar game da asalin na ruwa jiki.

Kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba a karni na 20th sa nazarin Lake Baikal zuwa sabon Heights. Nutse har zurfin teku motocin, ciki har da masu bincike da a kan jirgin hakowa bene, aiki neutrino kawo nesa kusa - mafi zurfi lake a Rasha yayi babbar m ga kimiyya da bincike.

Baikal Flora da fauna

High ridges da kuma zurfin kwaruruka, steppe da taiga, musamman ruwa - yanayi na ci gaban namun daji kandami da Baikal yankin. A mafi zurfi lake a duniya - misali mai kyau na rufaffiyar yanayin kasa.

An samu fiye da 50 jinsunan kifaye, 27 daga wanda - ne endemic, cewa ba a samu ko ina kuma. Cisco, golomyanka, Pike, kifi, Amur catfish - duk richly fiye da mafi zurfi da kuma cleanest lake, ku suna da shi.

A gandun daji kewaye da lake, cike da fiye da 80, da 230, irin dabbobi da tsuntsaye bi da bi. Bear, daji boar, cormorants, Elk, Siberian Blue Robin, mikiya, barewa, Musk barewa, wolverine, Sable, hatimi, alama ce da fauna daga Lake Baikal - wannan shi ne wani bai cika jerin masu rai, abin da ke faruwa a kare gandun daji da kuma ruwan da wani tafki. Siberian larch, ferns, 37 jinsunan, da itacen al'ul, musamman algae - na musamman da Flora.

muhalli barazana

A ƙasa na Baikal yankin, zuwa kashi 5 reserves da kuma 3 kasa Parks, a cikin bukatar kariya. A '66 na karni na 20th a kudu banki aka kaddamar a ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda niƙa. Daga wannan lokacin muna kirgawa muhalli laifuka.

M shuka effluents sun kai ga m jihar 10 murabba'in mita. km da ruwa a farfajiya na 70 sq. km yanki a kan kasa. MPC phenols, petrochemicals, sulphates wuce a sau.

Don gurbatawa daga ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda niƙa a cikin marigayi 90s kara karkashin kasa fetur lake. 18 dubu ton na fetur a gilashin factory yanki na Ulan-Ude Baikal barazanar matsayi.

A Baikal zaune?

Muddin yanayi ne ba gaba ɗaya bad, mafi zurfi lake a Rasha ciyarwa duk.

Dayansu foraged ringed hatimi - nama, fata, mai. Masunta sayar da cisco a uku siffofin, kazalika da maraƙi, Grayling, burbot. Golomyanka - kifi, rabin kunshi kitse, rayayye sayar wa yawon bude ido.

Pine kwayoyi, Pine goro mai, Siberian ciyawa, kayan ado daga gida charoite - musamman dutse Lilac, tsarabobi, kida - duk abin da ke sayarwa.

Ice da kuma Baikal

Idan ya zo ga kankara - daga Oktoba zuwa Yuni - rayuwar mazaunan da aka canza. Anglers tafi hankali a kan kankara kama kifi, ya hau kan Irkutsk Buryats gefe. Amma da Cunkoso ba za a fara har sai Fabrairu - bayan da cikakken tabbatarwa daga cikin ɓawon burodi.

Ice kawo hadari. Hummocks mutum tsawo ba haka ba ne mai tsanani. Za su iya fitar da kewaye. Insidiously zama da rata. Nan da nan ya buɗe sama da babbar kara, yadu ya buɗe bakinsa, shi garwaya da duk da kewaye. Irin wannan mummunan hanya kashe fiye da ɗaya da ɗari unwary.

A lokacin hunturu da kankara ke tsiro zuwa 100-120 cm, wani lokacin har zuwa 150. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne abin mamaki bayyana a matsayin gilashi. Ice yana har farkon watan Yuni. Back a watan Mayu, yana yiwuwa su yi tafiya a cikin rani tufafi, saboda sauyin yanayi ne m ga Baikal yankin na Siberia a cikin hunturu a kan talakawan -20 da kuma rana kwanaki fiye da a kudancin yankunan kasar.

Vacation a kan Lake Baikal

A sabon abu yanayi da monumental kyakkyawa jan wa Sansani. A cikin hunturu, mafi zurfi lake a duniya na jan gudun kan, tsere kan, snowboarding, snowmobiling, kashe-hanya motocin, don tafiyar da kankara kama kifi da farauta. Hotuna daga Baikal samar wuce yarda da kyau da kuma m.

Za ka iya zama a hutu cibiyoyin. Suna yafi located in Irkutsk gefe. Buryat - kagaggun reserves.

Da zuwan bazara, akwai sabon entertainments. A shimfidaɗɗiya. Na ruwa fa, tã kiteboarders, kayakers da yan koyo a kwantar da hankula ruwa tafiye-tafiye a kan jirãge. Mountains, tsaunuka da gandun daji ne manufa domin dutsen bike, downhill da kuma nauyi yin yawo. Nasara da dutsen za su yaba Cherskii tsawo - 2588 mita da kuma aji 2A.

Dauki wani tsoma a Lake Baikal - a feat. Sama 12 digiri ruwa zazzabi bai tashi ba. Duk da cewa da yashi a kan rairayin bakin teku daga cikin mafi girman misali. Idan ka har yanzu ba su so su bar ba tare da wani photo na kansu a cikin ruwan tafkin, shi wajibi ne don duba bays. Kamar yadda ruwa warms su karfi. Zaka kuma iya ziyarci da ake kira Kananan Sea. Wannan ne matsatsiyar da ya raba jimlar ruwa yanki na tsibirin Olkhon.

Lake Baikal - mafi zurfi lake a duniya - manufa domin a iyali hutu. Wasanni da wuraren bayar da dakin ta'aziyya m bambancin. Geothermal da iska sihiri warkar da wani jiki da kuma rai.