A Italian mawaki Verdi Dzhuzeppe: biography, kerawa da kuma rayuwa labarin

Verdi Dzhuzeppe, wanda biography da aka gabatar a cikin labarin - sanannen Italian mawaki. Shekaru ransa - 1813-1901. A da yawa daga cikin m ayyukan Verdi Dzhuzeppe halitta. Biography na mawaki da haƙĩƙa cancanci da hankali.

Aikinsa yana dauke zama babban batu na ci gaba da music na karni na 19th a kasarsa. Fiye da rabin karni ɗaukar hoto na Verdi matsayin mawaki. Yana da aka yafi alaka da salo na wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. A farko daga cikin wadannan Verdi halitta, sa'ad da yake da shekara 26 ( "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio"), da kuma na karshe da ya rubuta a cikin shekaru 80 ( "Falstaff"). Marubucin na da kamara: 32 (tare da sabon Editorial ayyukan da aka rubuta a baya) shi ne Verdi Dzhuzeppe. Tarihinsa da kuma wannan rana ne na babban sha'awa, kuma Verdi ta halitta, a zamaninmu ana kunshe a cikin babban sharhin na sinimomi a dukan duniya.

Origin, yara

Giuseppe aka haife shi a Roncole. A kauyen ne a lardin Parma, wanda wani bangare ne na a lokacin da Napoleonic Empire. A hoto na nuna gidan kasa, a cikin abin da mawaki aka haife, kuma sun ciyar da yara shekaru. An sani cewa mahaifinsa ya jagoranci rumfarsa ta saida cinikayya da kuma na dauke da ruwan inabi cellar.

A cikin gida coci organist ya samu ta farko da darussa na music Verdi Dzhuzeppe. Tarihinsa ne alama na farko manyan aukuwa a 1823. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin nan gaba mawaki aka aika zuwa Busseto, mai makwabtaka gari, inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantar sakandare. A cikin shekaru 11 da shekaru, Giuseppe fara nuna pronounced m iyawa. Yaron ya zama mukaddashin organist a Roncole.

Giuseppe A. Baretstsi lura, da mai arziki m na Busseto, wanda kawota benci yaron ta uba kuma yana da babban amfani a cikin music. A nan gaba mawaki zamar masa dole samu su m ilimi ga wannan mutumin. Baretstsi kai shi gidansa, hayar wani yaro ya zama mafi malami da kuma biya domin horo a Milan.

Giuseppe zama shugaba, horar da B. Lavigne

A cikin shekaru 15 da shekaru ya kasance shugaba na karamin ƙungiyar makaɗa Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi ci gaba isa a Milan. A nan sai ya tafi zuwa ga ubanku ta friends tattara kudi. Manufar ya Giuseppe shiga kide. Duk da haka, ya ba a karɓa a wannan makaranta saboda rashin iyawa. Duk da haka, V. Lavigne Milanese shugaba da kuma mawaki, ya yaba da talanti guda na Giuseppe. Ya fara koya masa songs for free. Opera rubuce-rubuce da kuma orchestration koya a cikin yi a cikin wasan opera gidajen Milan Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Taqaitaccen Tarihin farko da ayyukan alama ta zargin 'yan shekaru baya.

A farko ayyukansu

Verdi a cikin lokaci daga 1835 zuwa 1838 ya rayu a Busseto kuma yi aiki a cikin birni ƙungiyar makaɗa shugaba. Giuseppe a 1837 halitta ta farko da wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira "Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio". Wannan aikin da aka sa 2 shekaru a Milan. Ya mai girma nasara. By domin na "La Scala", sanannen Milan wasan kwaikwayo, Verdi rubuta wani comic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Ya kira shi "Kirkiro Stanislav, ko wata rana ta mulkinsa." Yana da aka kafa a 1840 ( "Sarki ne dõmin wani yini"). Wani yanki, da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Nabucco" da aka gabatar da su ga jama'a a 1842 ( "Nebukadnezzar"). Yana mawaki nuna da bukatun da kuma juyayinsu na Italian mutane, waɗanda a shekara fara fafitikar 'yancin kai,' yanci daga Austria karkiya. Da masu kallo suka ga wahalhalun da Yahudawa da mutane, aka kama, da misalin tare da su na zamani da Italiya. Active siyasa da zanga-zanga tsokani wani ƙungiyar mawaƙa na Yahudawa fursunonin da aiki. Next Opera Giuseppe, "Lombardi jihadi" kuma Makamantan bayanai kira ga kifar da danniya. Yana da aka aiwatar a cikin Milan a 1843. Kuma a Paris, da jama'a biyu edition wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da rawa ( "Urushalima") da aka gabatar a 1847.

Rayuwa a Paris, ya aure to George. Strepponi

A lokacin daga 1847 zuwa 1849 ya kasance yafi a Faransa babban birnin kasar Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Biography da aikinsa a cikin wannan lokaci alama ta muhimmanci events. Sai ya zama a Faransa babban birnin kasar, ya sanya wani sabon version of "The Lombards" ( "Urushalima"). Bugu da kari, a Paris Verdi gana da abokinsa, Giuseppina Strepponi (hoto na ta ne da aka sama). Wannan singer ya halarci productions na "Lombard" da "Nabucco" a Milan, a kuma waɗannan shekaru koma kusa da mawaki. A ƙarshe, bayan shekaru 10 da suka yi aure.

Halaye na farkon ayyuka da Verdi

Kusan duk na farko lokacin da kerawa Giuseppe Ribar ta hanyar m yanayi, da tausaya jaruntakar. Suna da alaka da gwagwarmaya a kan azzãlumai. Wannan, misali, rubuta "Ernani" Hugo (na farko samar da ya faru a Venice a 1844). Verdi halitta da Byron aikinsa "The biyu Foscari" (premiered a Roma a 1844). Sha'awar a cikin aikinsa da kuma Schiller. "The Maid na Orleans" da aka gabatar a cikin Milan a 1845. A wannan shekara, a Naples, da farko na "Alzira" by Voltaire. "Macbeth" da Shakespeare da aka aiwatar a Florence a 1847. Rabo mai girma daga cikin ayyukan wannan lokacin su ne wasan opera "Macbeth", "Attila" da "Ernani". Stage halin da ake ciki na waɗannan ayyuka tunatar da masu sauraro game da halin da ake ciki a kasar su.

A mayar da martani ga Faransa juyin juya halin Dzhuzeppe Verdi

Biography, a takaice daga cikin ayyukan da shaida daga cikin mawaki ta Sahaban ce cewa Verdi warmly amsa wa Faransa juyin juya halin na 1848. Ya kasance mai shaida mata a Paris. Back a Italiya, Verdi hada da "Yaqin Legnano." Wannan jaruntaka wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da aka aiwatar a Roma a 1849. Na biyu edition na shi da dangantaka da 1861, kuma an gabatar a Milan ( "The Siege na Harlem"). Wannan aiki bayyana yadda Lombards ya yi yaƙi domin da daidaituwa na kasar. Mazzini, Italiyanci neman sauyi Giuseppe umurci rubuta wani sauyi take. Saboda haka akwai wani samfurin na "ƙaho sautuna."

1850s a cikin ayyukan Verdi

1850s - wani sabon lokaci na kerawa Fortunino Giuseppe Francesco Verdi. Tarihinsa da aka alama ta halittar operas, wanda daidai da abubuwan da ji na talakawa mutane. A gwagwarmayar da 'yanci-auna mutane da bourgeois jama'a ko mulkin gargajiya zalunci ya da tsakiyar jigo na aikin na wannan mawaki na lokaci. Ta za a iya ji a farkon farko operas, alaka da wannan lokaci. A 1849, "Luisa Miller" da aka gabatar da su ga jama'a a Naples. Wannan aiki da aka rubuta da wasan kwaikwayo "love da kuma rikici" by Schiller. A 1850 a Trieste da aka gudanar cika "Stiffelio".

Taken na zamantakewa rashin daidaito da aka tura da ma fi girma da karfi a cikin irin wannan m ayyukansa kamar yadda "Rigoletto" (1851), "Il Trovatore" (1853) da kuma "La Traviata" (1853). A halin da music a wadannan operas gaske rare. Sun bayyana baiwar mawaki a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma melodist, aka nuna a cikin ayyukansu na gaskiya na rayuwa.

Gabancin Genre "grand wasar kwaikwayo ta waka"

Wadannan halittar Verdi dab da Genre na "grand wasar kwaikwayo ta waka". Waɗannan su ne tarihi da kuma romantic ayyukansa, kamar "The Sicilian Vespers" (halshen a Paris a 1855), "A Masked Ball" (premiered a Roma a shekarar 1859), "The Force Kaddara", izini da Mariinsky Theater. Ba zato ba tsammani, a dangane da samar da Verdi ta karshe wasan kwaikwayo a 1862 sau biyu ziyarci Petersburg. A hoto a kasa ya nuna hoto, sanya a Rasha.

A 1867 ya bayyana "Don Carlos", rubuta ta Schiller. A cikin wadannan operas masõyansa Giuseppe theme gwagwarmaya da azzalumai da kuma rashin daidaito na aiwatuwa a cikin wasanni, wanda fifita a bambanci, m al'amuran.

Opera "Aida"

Daga cikin wasan opera "Aida" farko na wani sabon lokaci na kerawa na Verdi. Yana da aka samu izini da Masar Khedive mawaki dangane da wani muhimmin taron - da bude daga cikin Suez Canal. A. Mariette Bey, sanannen Egyptologist, marubucin shawara mai ban sha'awa labarin, wanda ya gabatar da rayuwar d ¯ a Misira. Verdi zama sha'awar wannan ra'ayin. Libretist Ghislanzoni yi aiki a kan libretto da Verdi. A farko na "Aida" da aka gudanar a birnin Alkahira a 1871. Nasarar da aka kama hannun yaro.

Daga baya da mawaki ta kerawa

Bayan nan, Giuseppe bai halitta sabon operas shekaru 14. Ya bita da mazan ayyukansu. Alal misali, a cikin Milan, da farko na biyu version na opera "Simon Boccanegra" a 1881, rubuta a 1857 Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Game da mawaki ce cewa saboda ci-gaba shekaru, ba zai iya haifar da wani sabon abu. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, ya yi mamakin da masu sauraro. 72-shekara Italian mawaki Verdi Dzhuzeppe ya ce ya na aiki a kan wata sabuwar wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Othello". Yana da aka aiwatar a cikin Milan a 1887, kuma da rawa - shi ne 80-shekara Giuseppe halarci farko na wani sabon aiki halitta ma a Paris a 1894. A 'yan shekarun baya ga ayyukan Shakespeare. Muna magana ne game da samar da "Falstaff" a Milan a 1893. Giuseppe samu for Shakespearean operas ƙwarai librettist Boito. A cikin photo kasa - Boito (hagu) da kuma Verdi.

Giuseppe a karshe uku daga cikin operas nemi fadada siffofin da ci da ban mamaki mataki da kuma music. Ya ba da sabon ma'anar zuwa recitative, kuma Ya ƙarfafã irin rawa da ƙungiyar makaɗa a da watsuwar images.

Own hanya a cikin music of Verdi

Amma ga sauran ayyukan Giuseppe, daga gare su ne "Requiem". An sadaukar da memory na A. Manzoni, sanannen mawãƙi ne. Giuseppe kerawa daban-daban idon basira. Ba abin mamaki da mawaki mai suna tarihin na m rayuwa a Turai 1840-1890 gg. Verdi bi da nasarorin da composers, zamani - Donizetti, Bellini, Wagner, Meyerbeer, Gounod. Amma ban yi koyi da su Dzhuzeppe Verdi. Tarihinsa alama ta halittar raba guda riga a farkon lokaci na kerawa. A mawaki ya yi niyyar zuwa da kansa hanyar da ba kuskure. Lucidly, mai haske, melodically arziki Verdi ta music ya zama Popular a duk faɗin duniya. Democracy da labarun almara art, humanism da kuma bil'adama, da dangantaka da jama'a art na ƙasarsa ta kasar, - Waɗannan su ne manyan dalilan Verdi ta samu wani babban suna.

Janairu 27, 1901 Dzhuzeppe Verdi mutu a Milan. Brief biography da aikinsa zuwa wannan rana, sha'awar music masoya daga ko'ina cikin duniya.