A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da koda da nephron

Urinary mutum na samar da tukar tumbi da nitrogenous tõzarta generated a cikin tsari na metabolism, da kuma m, shirya jini, jini girma, acid-balance tushe da kuma electrolyte balance. Jamhuriyar gabobin na urinary tsarin ne kodan.

Ka yi la'akari da tsarin da da koda. Kodan suna located symmetrically a garesu daga cikin kashin baya a matakin da ƙirjinsa XII I-II na lumbar vertebra, retroperitoneal, kewaye da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer mai tsoka. Kowane koda rarrabe gaba da raya saman, manya da ƙananan sanduna, a kaikaice da kuma gefen tsakiyar. Ta ƙofofin cikin koda da shi shiga da fita cikin neurovascular cuta. The dama koda aka located dan kadan a kasa hagu, wanda ake dangantawa da hanta located sama. Koda tsarin damar da shi da iyaka motsi a cikin wani a tsaye matsayi. A matsayi na kodan dogara a kan irin mutum tsarin mulki (hypersthenic, asthenic ko normosthenic). Koda Gate ya kwarara a cikin koda kafafuwa, ƙanana da manyan kofuna, inda na fi koda pyramids a cikin nau'i na papillae. A surface na papilla yana da kananan rami ta hanyar abin da fitsari da aka saki.

Ciki koda tsarin ne wajen rikitarwa. Nephron - asali tsarin naúrar na koda, da samar da aikinsu. Yawan nephrons a duka kodan ne 3-4 miliyan. A nephron aka hada da jijiyoyin bugun gini glomeruli, koda tubules da capsules.

A tsarin da koda da nephron

Akwai iri biyu nephrons - na waje ko cortical da kuma zurfin ko juxtaglomerular. A juxtaglomerular glomeruli ne mai tsawo da madauki na Henle, wanda ƙare a koda papilla. Glomerular capillary endothelium rufe pores ta hanyar abin da na ultrafiltration fitsari. Capillaries da glomeruli ginshiki membrane. Epithelial Kwayoyin kama gammaye da zangarniya cewa rufe waje da capillary. Matakai samar da wani ginshiki membrane, shi yana da gagarumar rawar da a wasu tacewa fitsari da kuma koda ayyuka.

Jijiyoyin bugun gini koda glomerulus kafa capillaries, wanda aka raba da haifar da tasoshin kanti capillary arterioles da sakandare layin wutar lantarki tubule. A juxtaglomerular na'ura mayar da hankali musamman Kwayoyin cewa samar da renin. Wannan abu da aka rayayye da hannu a cikin tabbatarwa na jini matakan. Mai tubule aka located a cikin medulla na koda. Saboda sallama jirgin ruwa da yawa narrower wadda take kaiwa, a cikin glomeruli, mai gwada high matsa lamba (game da 60 mm Hg) da tacewa na faruwa a ko'ina cikin qoramu jini. A farko ɓangare na tubule glomerular kwantena siffofin kusa Shymlanskaya-Bowman. A ball da kwantena kira koda ko Malpighian corpuscle.

Urinary tubule yana da wani hadadden tsarin. Mike sassan tubules, madauki na Henle da sbornve urinary tube located in medulla, kuma Tuddan tubular sassan dake kusa da glomeruli da siffar da su koda bawo.

Koda tsarin tabbatar da cigabar aiki. A wannan ɓangare na glomerular ayyukansu, da kuma sauran - shi ne a sauran. Duk da jini wanda shi ne a jikin mutum, gudana ta hanyar da kodan a cikin sa'a daya. Domin Sutoki wuce ta kodan 1500-2000 lita na jini. Hadedde abubuwa da fitsari, yafi fada a koda jini, amma wasu suna kafa kai tsaye a cikin koda, msl, ammonia da gipurovaya acid.

Mun sake nazari da tsarin da kodan - babban sashin jiki na urinary tsarin, samar da tukar tumbi na na rayuwa kayayyakin da wuce haddi da ruwa, kazalika da gudãnar da ciki homeostasis na jikin mutum.