A farko yarima a Rasha. A farko sarakuna a Rasha: tebur

Formation na al'umma, daga baya ake kira da Rus, Rusich, Rasha, Russia, ya zama daya daga cikin karfi al'ummai a duniya, idan ba da karfi, ya fara ne da daidaituwa da Slavs zaunar a kan Gabas Turai Bayyana. Daga ina suka fito a wannan ƙasa, a lokacin da - ba a sani. Tarihi tarihin wani abin shaida na Ruses farkon ƙarni AD ba riƙe. Kawai a cikin biyu da rabi na IX karni - lokacin da farko yarima a Rasha - yana yiwuwa a gano a cikin daki-daki cikin tsari na gina al'umma.

"Ku zo, ki mallake mu ..."

A cewar babban waterway cewa da yawa koguna da tabkuna da alaka da juna duk da Gabas Turai Bayyana, ya rayu kabilu na zamanin d Ilmen Slovenes, glades, Drevlyane, Krivichy, Polotsk, Dregovichi, 'yan Arewa, Radimichi Vyatichi, samu abu daya a cikin kowa ga duk sunan - Slavs. Biyu manyan birane gina ta kakaninmu - da Dnieper da Novgorod - kafa a jihar a cikin garũruwa riga ya wanzu, amma shugabanni da su ba. A yi-kira nassoshi gwamnonin kabilan bayyana a lokacin da a cikin tarihin na farko shugabanni a Rasha da aka rubuta. Table da su sunayen dauke da kawai 'yan Lines, amma shi ne babban layin a cikin tarihi.

kiran hanya zuwa Slavs Vikings management aka sani a gare mu daga makaranta. Magabatan kabilai, gaji da m wata gaba da yaƙi juna, zaba manzanni da dattawan Rus 'kabilar da suka rayu ga Baltic Sea, kuma umurce su da su gaya masu cewa: "... All ƙasarmu yake da girma da kuma arziki, amma babu wani dress (watau. E . babu wani zaman lafiya da oda). Zo, ki mallake mu. " Muka karɓa kira zuwa ga Rurik yan'uwa sineus da truvor. Mu bai zo ba shi kadai, amma tare da sojojinsa, da kuma zaunar da su a Novgorod, Izborsk da Byelozero. Shi ne a cikin shekara 862. Kuma da mutane, wanda suka fara sarauta, ya fara kiran Rassi - a karkashin sunan kabilar da Varangian sarakuna.

Tunkuɗe duk da farko binciken masana tarihi

Akwai wani, kasa m jarrabawa game da isowa zabaltiyskih sarakuna a ƙasarmu. Kamar yadda na aikin version, akwai 'yan'uwa uku, amma shi ne m cewa tsohon tomes aka karanta (fassara) ba daidai ba, da kuma ya isa a Slavic ƙasashe daya kawai m - Rurik. A farko sarkin zamanin d Rasha zo tare da m warriors (warriors) - "Tru-barawo" a Old Norse, da kuma iyalinsa (daga, gida) - "blue-Hus". Saboda haka ba da shawara cewa akwai 'yan'uwa uku. Domin wasu dalilai, masana tarihi ƙarasa da cewa, shekaru biyu bayan motsi zuwa Slovenia, duka biyu don haka -called wa Rurik mutu (a cikin wasu kalmomi, kalmar "goga-barawo" da "blue-Hus" yanzu ba a ambata a cikin tarihin). Daya zai iya buga da dama wasu dalilai na su bacewar. Alal misali, cewa a lokacin da sojojin, wanda ya tattara na farko yarima a Rasha, an ba da ake kira "aiki-barawo" da "tawagar", kuma ya zo da shi srodstvenniki - ba "blue-Hus" da kuma "irin".

Bugu da kari, ta zamani, malaman tsufa ne ƙara karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa mu na Rurik - bai zama ba fãce shahara a cikin tarihin na Danish konung Rorik Frislandsky, domin ta shahara sosai nasara hare-hare a kan ƙasa da rauni makwabta. Zai yiwu shi ne ya sa sai aka kira shi zuwa ga jirgin, cewa ta yi ƙarfi, jarumi da kuma iya karawa.

Rassi lokacin Rurik

The kafa na jihar tsarin a Rasha, ya kafa na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba daular, wanda daga baya ya zama sarki, sarautar da mutane wakkala a gare su domin shekaru 17. Ya hade a daya ikon Ilmen Slovenes, psovskih da Smolensk Krivichy dukan kuma Chud, 'yan Arewa kuma Drevlyane, Meria da Radimichi. The a haɗe ƙasar da'awar gwamnonin henchmen. By karshen zamanin Rurik Ancient Rus shagaltar da wani m ƙasa.

Bugu da kari ga kafa sabon ya'yan sarakuna iyali, tarihi da kuma hada biyu daga cikin zumunta - Askold da Dir, kafa ta kira na yarima ikonsa a kan Kiev, ya ba tukuna samuwa a cikin sabuwar kafa jihar overriding muhimmancin. A farko yarima a Rasha Novgorod zaba a matsayin gidansa, inda ya rasu a 879, barin sarauta da ɗa Igor. Magājin Rurik ya mallaki kansa ba zai iya. Domin shekaru masu yawa da m ikon ya wuce zuwa Oleg - sahabbansa da kuma mai nĩsa dangi na marigayin sarkin.

A farko da gaske Rasha

Godiya ga Oleg, lakabi da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi mutane, Ancient Rasha tsiwirwirinsu ikon, wanda zai hãsadar da Konstantinoful da Byzantine Empire - da karfi a lokacin da ke jihar. Abin da ya yi a lokacinsa, na farko Rasha yarima a Rasha, regent ga qananan Igor yawaita, kuma don inganta. Bayan tattara da sojoji da yawa, Oleg tafi da nisa da tushe Dnieper kuma lashe Ljubech Smolensk, Kiev. A karshen da aka dauka ta cire Askold da Dir, da kuma zaune a waɗannan ƙasashe drevlyans gane Igor ta real m, kuma Oleg - cancantar regent har ga ƙarfinsa. Yanzu, babban birnin na Rasha da aka sanya wa Kiev.

Legacy Veschego Olega

Kabilu masu yawa shiga zuwa Rasha a shekara ta sarautarsa, Oleg, ta sa'an nan ayyana kansa na farko da gaske Rasha, ba surkulle yarima. Yakin da Byzantine Empire ƙare cikin cikakkar nasara da kuma ci nasara a mayar da Rousseau amfanin for free cinikayya a Konstantinoful. Ganima mayar da tawagar wannan yakin. A farko sarakuna a Rasha, wanda gaskiya ne da kuma Oleg, lalle Radel, na ɗaukaka na jihar.

Mutane da yawa Legends da banmamaki labaru sun halin yanzu a cikin mutane bayan dawo da dakarunta daga faruwa ga Konstantinoful. Don samun zuwa ƙofar garin, Oleg umurce su da su kafa jiragen ruwa a kan dabaran, kuma a lõkacin da wata adalci iska cika da filafili, da kotu "tafi" a fadin filayen zuwa Konstantinoful, kawo tsõro ga 'yan ƙasa. Munin Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Leo VI sallamãwa sharudda ba, kuma Oleg a cikin mai ban mamaki nasara alamar ƙusance masa garkuwa a kan ƙofofi na Konstantinoful.

A tarihin 911 shekaru Oleg ya riga ya kira a matsayin na farko Grand Prince of All Rasha. A 912 da ya mutu, a bisa al'ada, da cizo na maciji. Its fiye da 30-shekara kawo karshen mulkin ba yana nufin wani gwarzo.

Daga cikin karfi

Tare da mutuwar Oleg manajan sararin dũkiyarku da sarauta dauki Igor Ryurikovich, ko a gaskiya ya kasance mai mulkin ƙasar tun daga 879-th. Halitta, yana so ya zama wani cancanci hali na girman magabata. Ya kuma suka yi jihãdi (a cikin zamanin mulkin Rasha yi mashi na farko hare-hare na Pechenegs), ya yi nasara da dama makwabtaka da jĩkõki, tilasta su biya gandu. Igor ya yi dukan abin da na farko yarima a Rasha, amma babban darasi da mafarkinsa - ya yi nasara da Konstantinoful, ba nan da nan ya bayyana. Kuma ba kome tafi smoothly a nasu yankuna.

Bayan wani karfi kwamitin Rurik da Oleg, Igor da yawa weaker kuma ji drevlyans hankalinsa, ya ƙi biya haraji. A farko shugabannin Kiev sun iya ci gaba da m kabilu karkashin iko. Igor kuma a lokacin da wannan fitina quelled, amma Drevlyane ramuwa ta kãma sarkin 'yan shekaru baya.

Rikici na Khazars, wani m Drevlyane

Talauci ɓullo da dangantaka da Crown Prince da Khazars. Kokarin isa Caspian Sea, Igor kammala wata yarjejeniya tare da su cewa su ba zai buga wasan da tẽku, kuma ya dawo, ba su rabin wani mai arziki da samar. Prince cika alkawuran, amma shi bai isa ga Khazars. Ganin cewa preponderance na ikon a kan su gefe a wani m yaƙi, suka kashe kusan dukan sojojin Rasha.

M kashi ya samu Igor da kuma bayan farko balaguro zuwa da Konstantinoful a 941 - da Rumawa da aka hallaka kusan dukan tawagar. Bayan shekaru uku, so don wanke kau da kunya, Prince, hada a cikin guda sojojin Rus, Khazar kuma ko da Pechenegs sake tafi a kan Konstantinoful. Na samu daga Bulgarians, cewa yana da wani karaya da karfi, da sarki ya miƙa Igoryu Mir a sosai sharadi gwargwado ga, da kuma sarkin ya yarda da shi. Amma shekara guda bayan da irin wannan ban mamaki nasara, Igor aka kashe. Ƙi biya caffa ga maimaita, korestenskie drevlyans halakar OTRADA 'yan karɓar haraji, cikinsu da sarkin da kansa.

Princess, na farko a cikin kome

Ya mugunta revenged cin amanar Igor matar - Pskovityanka Olga, wanda ya zabi kamar yadda matarsa ko da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg a 903. Drevlyans an halaka ba tare da wani asara to Rus, da gwanayen, amma kuma wani m dabarun Olga - cewa fada ba, ba mu kasance iya yaƙi da farko shugabannin a Rasha. Hereditary lakabi na jihar m bayan mutuwar Igor, Svyatoslav dauki dan 'ya'yan sarakuna biyu ba, amma saboda jariri na karshe shekara goma sha biyu daga baya ga uwarsa jagoranci Rus.

Olga ne ƙwarai da hankali, ƙarfin hali kuma ikon hikima sarrafa jihar. Bayan kama Korosten - babban birnin Drevlyane - Princess tafi Konstantinoful da kuma dauki shi baftisma. The Orthodox coci da aka har yanzu a Kiev da Igor, amma Rasha mutane sujada Perun da Veles, kuma nan da nan ya juya daga kafirci zuwa Kristanci. Amma gaskiyar cewa Olga, wanda ya riƙi baftisma, sunan Elena, deben hanya a Rasha da kuma sabon bangaskiya har sai da ya rasu (mutu a 969 gimbiya) bai canja shi ba, ya tashe shi zuwa ga daraja da tsarkaka.

Warrior jariri

Rasha Aleksandrom Makedonskim kira Svyatoslav NM Karamzin, Mai ƙãga halittar "ta Rasha jihar." M ƙarfin hali da kuma ƙarfin hali ya sãɓã, na farko shugabanni a Rasha. A tebur wanda ya nuna da bushe kwanakin da suka yi mulkin, shi ne fraught da yawa mai daraja nasarori da kuma ayyukan domin amfanin da Fatherland, wanda tsaya ga kowane sunan a gare ta.

Gãdar da shekaru uku Grand Duke suna (bayan mutuwar Igor), da kuma a zahiri shine shugaban Rasha Svyatoslav ne kawai a 962. Shekaru biyu daga baya ya warware daga mamayar da Khazars da annexed zuwa Rasha Vyatichi, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu - a yawan Slavic kabilu suke zaune tare da Oka, da Volga yankin, da Caucasus da Balkans. A Khazars suka ci, su babban birnin kasar Itil watsi da su. Tare da Arewa Caucasus Svyatoslav ba da ƙasarsu kwalba (Ossetians) da kuma Kasogs (Circassians) da kuma shirya su a cikin sabuwar halitta birane da kuma Tmutarakan White Tower. Kamar yadda na farko Prince of All Rasha, Svyatoslav gane da muhimmancin da m fadada dũkiyarku ba.

Cancanci ɗaukaka mai girma kakanninmu

A 968, ya lashe Bulgaria (birni Pereyaslavets da Dorostol) Svyatoslav ba tare da dalili, ya fara la'akari da ƙasar da ta kahu sosai a Pereyaslavets - m rayuwa a Kiev bai so, kuma uwarsa, Princess Olga, da gudana a babban birnin kasar. Amma a shekara daga baya ta mutu kuma prince Bulgarians, sõyayya da Byzantine sarki, ayyana yaki. Za mata, Sviatoslav bar 'ya'yansa maza a gudanar da babban Rasha birane Yaropolk - Kiev, Oleg - Korosten, Vladimir - Novgorod.

Wuya da kuma rigima ya yaki - nasara tare da sãɓãwar launukansa nasarar bikin alternately a garesu. Ƙare adawa yarjejeniya, bisa ga abin da Bulgaria Svetoslav bar (da shi haɗe zuwa dukiyarsa Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Ioann Tsimiskhy) da kuma Rum ga ƙasar biya haraji ga Rasha prince shigar.

Dawo daga wannan sabanin a cikin yakin da muhimmancin Svyatoslav a lokacin tsaya a Beloberezhe cewa a cikin Dnieper. Akwai Spring 972 a cikin raunana sojoji suka kai hari a Pechenegs. The Grand Duke da aka kashe shi a yaƙi. Kulla sai ya shahara a matsayin wani haife warrior masana tarihi bayyana cewa Sviatoslav ya wuce yarda da m man gas, na iya barci a kan rigar ƙasa, kansa tucked karkashin wurin zama, kamar yadda aka yi a gida ne unpretentious ba 'ya'yan sarakuna ba, su abinci ya kuma nepriveredliv. Da manzancinSa ne "I je muku," da ya yi gargaɗi kafin hari nan gaba makiya, ta gangara a tarihi kamar yadda Oleg garkuwa a kan ƙofofi na Konstantinoful.