A falsafa na zamanin d Girka da ta halayyar farkon lokaci

Asalin falsafa a zamanin tsohuwar Girka faruwa a lokacin tsakanin Sabunta kuma VI ƙarni BC. A lokacin, Girka yana fuskantar wani lokaci na mulkin mallaka, ko apoitizatsii (apoitiya - kasashen waje ƙasa na Greek polis, kusan zaman kanta da hedkwatarsu). Babbar sarari, kamar Malaya Aziya da Graecia Magna (Italy) wuce a kan ƙasa na ta Greek shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma ba Yunƙurin zuwa na farko da masana falsafa, saboda Athenian falsafa yi na biyu, m mataki a cikin ci gaban Greek tunani. A duniya na zamanin d Helenawa dauke da ya rinjayi tsarin rayuwa a cikin manufofin da classic irin na bauta. Shi ne da wanzuwar karshen a zamanin tsohuwar Girka taka babbar rawa a cikin rabo na aiki, da kuma yarda da Engels lura duk da haka, a wasu sashen dutsen mutane a magance musamman tare da kimiyya da kuma al'adu.

Saboda haka, falsafa na zamanin d Girka yana da wani bayani dalla-dalla a dangane da zamani falsafa na zamanin da Gabas. Da farko, daga lokacin Pythagoras, an saukar da matsayin mai raba horo, da kuma tun Aristotle ke hannu da hannu da kimiyya, rationalism bambanta da kuma raba kanta daga addini. A Hellenistic lokacin shi ya zama tushen irin wannan sciences kamar yadda tarihi, magani da kuma lissafi. The main "theme" da kuma rungumi manufa ilimi na zamanin d Girkanci falsafa (kazalika da al'ada) ne "Callosa agathos Kai" - da connection ta jiki kyakkyawa da kiwon lafiya tare da m kammala.

Falsafa a zamanin tsohuwar Girka tashe biyu main jigogi - da ontology da epistemology, kamar yadda mai mulkin, sun yi tsayayya da manufar dalilin da aiki (Malkisadik ne dauke da biyu sana'a, "ƙananan" aji, kamar yadda tsayayya wa m kallo). Ancient Greek falsafa ne ma gida zuwa wannan methodological tsarin kamar yadda sashe na da harshen. Ta kuma koyi da yawa daga cikin nau'i-nau'i a zamanin d gabashin falsafa, musamman Misira, da kuma kawo su cikin kwanon rufi-Turai falsafa lãbãri. Farkon falsafa na zamanin d Girka ne zuwa kashi biyu lokaci - da tsaoho da pre-Socratic.

A falsafa na zamanin d Girka a tsaoho lokaci ne halin cosmocentrism mifopoeticheskih aiki a cikin abin da almara kasida sun bayyana zargin da duniya da tuki sojojin a cikin mythological images. Homer systematized Myths kuma yaba da jaruntakar halin kirki da kuma Hesiod aiwatuwa da tarihin asalin na duniya cikin rudani Figures, Gaia, Eros da sauran alloli. Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko da wallafe-wallafen form gabatar da labari na "zinariya shekaru", a lokacin da ãdalci, kuma mai daraja aiki, da kuma fara baƙin ciki da rabo na zamani "Iron Age," mulkin dunkulallen hannu, lokacin inda karfi bada Yunƙurin zuwa dama. A bisa ga al'ada, an yi imani da cewa wata babbar rawa a cikin samuwar falsafar tunani na lokacin da taka leda da ake kira "bakwai hikima" wanda aka bari a baya mai hikima faxin ko "gnomes", sadaukar da kyawawan dabi'u kamar moderation da jituwa.

A cikin pre-Socratic lokaci, da falsafa na zamanin d Girka ne halin da gaban da dama falsafa makarantu. Milesian makaranta na halitta falsafa a san pragmatism, da marmarin nemi guda manufa da farko binciken kimiyya, kamar da astronomical kida, maps, sundials. Kusan dukkan 'yan kungiyar zo daga m aji. Saboda haka, Thales karatu hasken rana eclipses kuma dauke farko abubuwa na duk ruwa, Anaximander ne mahaliccin Duniya maps da kuma model na cikin wani sarari suKe Sphere, da farko abubuwa da ake kira "apeiron" - bã tãre da halaye na bigiren al'amarin, wanda da sabani engendered fitowan na duniya, da almajiri Anaximenes yi imani da cewa guda hanyar duk shi ne iska. Mafi shahara wakilin makaranta Afisa Heraclitus lakabi ne da masu makoki. Ya sa a gaba da ra'ayin na cewa duniya da aka ba a halitta da kowa, amma ta hanyar da yanayi ne mai wuta, sa'an nan walƙiya up, sa'an nan Fading, da kuma bayar da hujjar cewa idan muna koyi da taimakon ji, kafuwar mu ilmi ne logo.

A falsafa na zamanin d Girka wakilta Eleatic da Italic makaranta, bisa 'yan wasu Categories. A bambanci ga Milesians, Eleatics - da aristocrats da haihuwa. A ka'idar, sai suka fi son aiwatar da tsarin, da kuma rashin iyaka - wani gwargwado.

Xenophanes na Colophon soki mythological wakilci daga cikin allolin, da kuma miƙa zuwa raba abubuwa da seeming. Parmenides na Elea ɓullo da ra'ayoyin da ya ce abin da muka sani da bayyana ji da kuma abubuwan da - dabaru. Saboda haka, to wata m mutum babu ba ya wanzu, saboda kowane tunanin mu zaton - yana da zaton da ake. Zai gaje Zeno bayyana matsayin ubangijinsa da taimako daga cikin shahararrun paradoxes-paradoxes.

Italic makaranta da aka sani ga wannan cryptic gabascin kamar yadda Pythagoras, wanda samarwa da binciken lambobi da su sufi dangane da duniya da kuma bar baya da wani m rukunan. Babu kasa ban sha'awa shi ne Falsafa Empedocles na Sicily da kuma birnin Agregenta. A sabili da dukan zama, ya yi imani da hudu m abubuwa - ruwa, wuta, iska da ƙasa, da kuma biyu aiki ka'idojin - soyayya da kiyayya, da kuma a cikin falsafa tsarin, kokarin hada Parmenides da Heraclitus. Daga baya gargajiya Greek falsafa da aka fi mayar da tushen ta gudanar da binciken ne kawai a kan ra'ayoyin na Italian gabascin.