A dokar duniya gravitation

A gangaren ya kwana, Newton ya yarda, kamar yadda ya yi duka da gaske ne. Ya aka tafiya ta cikin apple gõnaki da mahaifansa biyu da kuma ba zato ba tsammani gan da rana a sama da watã. Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo kashe wani apple a gaban shi daga wani reshe da dama a kasa. A wannan lokaci, Newton yi aiki a kan dokar da motsi, ya riga ya san cewa fall wani apple ne a hankali alaka da rinjayar nauyi. Kuma na san cewa Moon falakinsu, maimakon rataye a cikin iska, cewa shi rinjayar da wasu karfi rike da shi a cikin wannan sarari suKe, ba ya bayar kashe hanyar da tafi zuwa ga bude sarari. Sai a lokacin faduwar wani apple da Is'hãƙa zo: kuma fadowa apples, kuma zauna a kan sararin samaniya na da watã kaiwa daya da karfi. Newton ta ka'idar nauyi ya kusa bude.

Bari mu dubi tarihi. Galileo da kuma sauran magabata na Newton karatu da motsi na jikinsu (uniformly kara), fadowa zuwa ga ƙasa. An nuna cewa sabon abu ne zalla na halitta da kuma wanzu ne kawai a kan surface na duniya. Kepler ma tare da kamar shiryayye jihohin da a yankunan da sauran wani sarari suKe dokokin, ba masu mulki da motsi na duniya. All muhawara tafasa saukar da gaskiyar cewa wani sarari suKe jikinsu, da darajojin perfectness da ya tafi a falakinsu, sake, saboda ta kammala. A wasu kalmomin, nauyi rabu cikin biyu Categories: terrestrial (ajizai) da kuma wani sarari suKe (m).

Kuma Newton ta m hada da iri nauyi a cikin ransa. Za mu iya ce wannan shi ne a tarihi lokacin, ta hanyar hada da ƙarya division (na Duniya) da kuma wucin gadi (duniya).

Newton ta lissafin haifar yanzu karanta kamar haka: doka a duniya a gravitation. Ma'ana shi ya ce, tsakanin biyu daga jikin a duniya akwai wani karfi da juna janye. Dokar ado a cikin nau'i na lissafi:

F = GMm / D2,

M, kuma m - taro nufin daya da na biyu jiki, D - da nisa tsakanin jikinsu, F - karfi na gravitational janye. G nan - da akai aka ƙaddara gwaje da kuma, idan bayyana shi a SI raka'a, shi ne daidaita 6,67 × 10-11.

Amma dokar na nauyi na bukatar 'yan comments. Na farko, shi ya shafi dukan abu ta jiki jikinsu, abin da suke a sararin samaniya. Alal misali, littattafai, karanta muku, kamar yadda ka ne ma batun da karfi na juna gravitational janye, daidai a girma amma gaban a shugabanci. Force ne ma kananan ma ga kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, amma ba ya wanzu da kuma shi ne ko da yiwuwa yin lissafi. Wani misali - da juna janye tsakanin ku da kuma rashin iyaka m quasar, wanda aka cire a cikin haske biliyoyin shekaru. Wadannan m sojojin ne karami fiye da a baya misali, amma ba su zama.

Na biyu, da Duniya ta karfi da nauyi a surface rinjayar da dukan jiki a cikin rauni a matsayin a kowane batu. A wannan lokacin da ka yi aiki da wannan karfi, wanda za a iya lasafta ta yin amfani da dabara sama, a zahirance ka ji shi a matsayin nasu nauyi. Sauke wani abu. Kuma wannan abu zai rush a ƙasa tare da uniform hanzari. Galileo farko mai karɓar za a iya auna gwaje da m size fadowa hanzari kusa da Duniya ta surface. Ka tuna bukovku g daga lissafi? Amma ga Galileo aka gwaje auna akai, kuma wannan darajar Newton (hanzari nauyi) za a iya samu ta hanyar musanya a cikin dabara duniya taro (M) da kuma ta radius (D). Subject Galileo ji zama ilmin lissafi lissafin da tsinkaya daga Newton.

Na uku, dokar duniya gravitation nuna da kuma bayyana tsarin da tsarin mu (da hasken rana), Kepler ta dokokin, wanda bayyanãwa da yanayin da duniya za a iya samu daga gare ta. Ga mafi yawan Kepler ta dokokin, waɗannan su ne kawai siffatawa hali - masanin kimiyya kawai jimlace lura a cikin ilmin lissafi form. A cikin babban duniya domin tsarin, bisa ga Newton, samu Kepler ta dokokin ne mai kai tsaye sakamako daga cikin dokokin makanikai da kuma dokar duniya gravitation. Sake muna shaida canji na empirical binciken samu a matakin daya a cikin wani fili da dabaru-tushen karshe kuma matsa zuwa wani mataki.

Ko gaskiya aka faɗa ta Newton a ragewa shekaru? Shin ya dissembled, magana game da samu? Babu takardun hakikanta ko inkarin cewa matsalar na gravitation, Newton aka tsunduma daidai a wannan lokacin, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa kanta, babu. Amma takardun da aka sani, kuma ayan samu rasa. Kuma notoriously ayyana: Newton wani mutum daga m da tsoratarwa meticulous cewa ko ta yaya abin ya shafa da kayyade na manyan al'amurra a cikin kimiyya a baya shi. Saboda haka duhu gaskiya, jin wata 'yar alamar barazana, shi ne a yanayi.
Kuma saura wata tambaya: me ya sa, da ciwon wallafa dokar duniya gravitation a 1687th, bude shi ya kwanan rana 1666, da shekara? Abin da ya raba wadannan shekaru 20?