Ƙungiyar Jama'a. Tarihin bayyanar da aiki

Ba asirin kowa ba ne cewa tsarin tsarin siyasar zamani da shari'a na ƙasashen Turai da yawa an gina su bisa ga irin mulkin Roman. Roman dokar ya zama tushen da Romance doka tsarin - abin da ake kira nepretsedentnogo hakkokin jin dadin da mai kyau da rabi na zamani masu iko, ciki har da Rasha. Wannan tsarin shari'a yana da nau'i mai biyowa: na farko wani aiki na al'ada, to, abin da ya dace. Wato, wani aiki da ba a bayyana a cikin tsarin dokokin majalisar ba shine laifi. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, Tsohuwar Romawa tana da babbar tasiri a duniyarmu. Yi amfani da wannan Latin, ainihin bambancin wacce ke da yawancin harsunan Yammacin Turai. Duk da haka, a yau zamu tattauna kadan game da wani sabon abu, wanda ya wuce mana daga Asali a cikin wani nau'i mai sauƙi. Kuma sunansa shine jarrabawa. Bari muyi Magana game da wannan dalla-dalla.

Mene ne jama'arsu?

Kodayake gaskiyar cewa a farkon Roma ne sarakuna suka mallake su, to, ta hannun masu rinjaye - hakikanin dattawa, sannan kuma an maye gurbin tsarin ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, a cikin tsarin siyasar Ancient Roma akwai wani ɓangare na dimokuradiyya.

Ƙungiyar mutane ita ce matsayi na zaɓaɓɓu a tsakanin masu sauraro. Ya kasance a cikin kariya da kariya ga ƙasƙanci da cin mutunci. Kalmar Latin, wadda mutane suke kira su ikon - sacrosancta potestas, wanda a cikin fassarar yana nufin "iko da aka karbi ta tsarkakewa ta ruhaniya."

A labarin wannan matsayi ke mayar da su zuwa tsohon rikici patricians - zuriyar farko sarakuna na Roma - da kuma plebeians, cewa shi ne mai sauki .. The mazaunan Roma. Da farko dai, kawai 'yan adawa ne aka wakilci a Majalisar Dattijai, wadanda ba su da damar da za a zabe su a can, kuma a halin yanzu suna cikin matsayi na ƙananan. Duk da haka, duk da ƙuntata doka, wasu mutane daga talakawa zasu iya samun wadataccen wadata don kare fadan (har zuwa dukiyar) mashawarta masu daraja, don haka ya kara haɓakar su a cikin ƙungiyoyi. Har ila yau, wasu lokuta a Roma, tarzomar tarzoma ta rushe, wanda ya jagoranci ba kawai ga wadanda suka rasa rayuka ba, amma har zuwa tattalin arziki na lokaci-lokaci saboda rashin lalacewar da aka haifar a lokacin tashin hankali.

Ta yaya mutane suka fito a Roma?

Don hana hana zub da jini, a karkashin matsin lamba daga cikin al'umma, wajibi ne Majalisar Dattijai ta tilasta kafa jami'ar 'yan majalisa' '' '' '' '' '' 'daga' yan adawa. Wannan yana da babbar tasiri a kan dukan tsarin, a kan dukan Ancient Roma. A Tribune iya kujerar naƙi da shawarar da majalisar dattijai, wanda, a ra'ayinsa, ƙeta da plebeians, yana da hakkin ya yi hukunci mutanen da suka zãgi daraja da girma na talakawa mutane, amma kuma yana da sirri inviolability. Saboda haka, bayan wani lokaci, ta hanyar kokarin al'ummomin da suka fi dacewa ta hanyar irin wadannan jihohi a Majalisar Dattijai, an yanke shawara kan daidaita ma'aunin kuɗi, amma har ma bayan wannan yankin mutane ba su daina wanzuwa. Ya fara magance al'amuran talakawa: matalauci, masu aikin basira, masu sana'a, ba tare da la'akari da asalin su ba. Kalmar Latin, wanda aka kira mutane a cikin abokan ciniki - patronum, wanda ke nufin "wakĩli". Za a gudanar da zaɓin wannan matsayi a matakai biyu: na farko, kowane malamin ya zaba dan takarar, sannan kuma an zaba masu neman zaɓin a matsayin kwamiti na takaddamar.

Harkokin zamani na Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Jama'a

Ka'idodin da mutane suka yi aiki, yanzu sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin Dan-Adam. Alal misali, a ƙasashe da dama, ciki har da Rasha, akwai masanin ombudsman a cikin wannan filin, wanda ke da alhakin karewa da kuma kula da kiyaye hakkin bil adama ta jihar. Saboda haka, ya yi abin da mutane suka yi a wani lokaci. Duk da haka, da iko na zamani hancin muhimmanci a rage idan aka kwatanta da Roman adadi: ya ba zai iya kujerar naƙi, ba ji dadin rigakafi da kuma ba shi da wani hakki na majalisu himma. Ayyukansa kawai shine don sarrafa jihohi da kuma, idan ba a kula da 'yancin ɗan adam, farawa gwaji, wato, abin da ake kira shari'a. Ta hanyar doka, ombudsman baya mika wuya ga kowane bangare na gwamnati: ba majalisa ba, kuma ba zartarwa, ko shari'a ba.

Muna fatan za ku koyi abubuwa da yawa da kuma ban sha'awa, kuma wannan bayani ya kasance da amfani a gare ku.