"ZIL" shuka. Likhachev Shuka (ZIL) - adireshin

Automobile masana'antu - mafi muhimmanci ɓangare na jihar na kai isar da wani fiye ko žasa da manyan kasar nan. Hakika, a kasar mu akwai da yawa irin wannan kasuwanci, daya daga wanda yake shi ne factory ZIL. A labarin da ya bayyanar da bayanin irin halin yanzu jihar aka bayyana a cikin wannan abu.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

A 1915, shi karshe ya bayyana cewa fasaha ci baya na Rasha Empire, shi ne ma tsada a gaban. Daya giant asarar sa a manpower da kuma fasahar a gaban kasance cikin sauki da cewa da farko line na tsaro ba su da lokacin da za a kawo sama da bawo da harsasai. Akwai wani motoci, da kuma dabbobi gogayya da aka ba tasiri isa.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a 1916 da ƙasa Tyufelevoy Ashtarot aza farko gini Amo shuka. Its yi ya fraught tare da babban matsaloli, saboda kasar kawai ba su da wata guda inji don samar da zama dole sassa. Sami inji a Rasha kuma nuna babu hanyar da, sabili da haka duk ya kamata a ba da umarnin a Amurka.

Bayan Red Oktoba

A shekarar 1918, bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, da ma'aikatan suna da zuwa sami hanyoyi zuwa tsirar kayayyakin gyara a matsayin wadata daga kasashen waje ya ba more. A farko a watan Nuwamba 1924 da aka yi da farko Soviet truck Amo, wanda aka gina gaba ɗaya daga m aka gyara. Wannan ranar da aka dauke su yini na farkon na zamani Rasha mota masana'antu.

A shekara ta 1927, gidan na Director amince da IA Likhachev. Ya zo ga post a mai tsanani rikicin, lokacin da kasar ya ba da gwani ma'aikatan kuma da damar don samar da ko da yaya Yã isa zama yawan high quality-karfe. Production a irin wannan yanayi shi ne don haka tsada cewa manyan motoci kuɓutar daga Amurka, da daraja 30% (!) Mai rahusa!

To jimre da wannan, wani babban-sikelin maimaitawa na shuka da aka za'ayi a shekarar 1931. Kamar yadda mai girma shi ne guda ikon yinsa, daga aiki, evidenced da magana daga Likhachev: "A gaskiya, muna sewed wani gashi ga maɓallan da ...". Yayin da shuka shi ne har yanzu kira ZIL ZIS. Har 1939 da kamfanin ya iya saki kawai game da 40 dubu manyan motoci Amo, ba a ma maganar game da wannan adadin American motoci, samar a lokacin da lasisi. Ka tuna cewa daga 1917 zuwa 1920 ya bar ƙofa kasa da dubu biyu motoci. By 1939, da factory ya yi aiki 39747 mutane.

1941-45

War ya zama fitina ga dukan ƙasar, da na ma'aikata tawagar. Tun lokacin da kamfanin ya fito da wata babbar samfurin (ba kawai manyan motoci amma kuma da regimental bindigogi, bawo, da dai sauransu), ta ma'aikata a kan gaban da aka ba da ake kira. Duk da haka, da suka yi aiki a wuya yanayi don haka da cewa matasa fi son don samun zuwa gaban.

Babban matsaloli kara da cewa, a 1941, da shuka da za a kwashe zuwa wasu birane, a sassa. A shekarar 1942, saboda da wuya halin da ake ciki a gaban, da kuma barazana da kama da Nazis samar tushe aka umurce jimlar halakar da sha'anin. Yana ajiye ma'aikata ZIL kawai hunturu counteroffensive kusa Moscow, a sakamakon wanda da tsari da aka kwace.

Hakika, nan da nan da kamfanin sun yafi tsohon ma'aikata, mata da matasa. Half-starved, a unheated nazarinsa, sun tattara gaban-line nagartacce. Kuma suka yi sun jimre. Kawai manyan motoci fiye da dubu 100 da aka bayar domin wadannan m shekaru hudu!

da postwar lokaci

A wannan lokaci, da shuka ZIL fara rayayye canza da kuma sake gina. Around guda shekaru, tarayyar soviet suka fara aiki hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Sin. Bisa ga sakamakon da tattaunawa a kasar Sin, an gina factory, wanda aka yi amfani da shiri na Soviet takardun. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka gayyace Sin masana ga horo.

Duk da m lokaci har zuwa karshen 80s, da ZIL ma'aikata a Moscow domin kara samar da kundin. Kwararru na kamfanin halarci dukkan manyan-sikelin ayyukan na kasar: magani da kuma sarari, soja da kuma mota masana'antu - shi aka dukkan yi ciki har da hannuwansu.

kabari 90

A farkon rabin dismal 90th shuka har yanzu rike. Ko ta yaya tsĩrar da sauran Soviet-zamanin kwangila, da kuma shi ne yadu fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa yan kasuwa har yanzu sayen motoci. A shekarar 1994, na'ura bel da aka sanya na "karshe na Mohicans," ZIL-130. Yana da jũna da cewa Zil (ZIL) yana zaune ta kwanaki na arshe.

Tun 1995, abubuwa samu gaske sharri. Fiye da rabin da shagunan zo a cikin disrepair, ma'aikatan da aka kora en sun mayar domin suna da kome ba don ciyar da iyalansu. Partially tsĩrar da umarni karami Productions, a karkashin abin da sauran samar da wuraren wani lokacin za kananan samar batches. By 2011, halin da ake ciki ya tsananta haka cewa watsi factory ƙasa size ya kasance m zuwa yankin dukkan-Russian Nunin Center.

1996-2011 shekaru

A shekarar 1996, masu da sha'anin hanzari disintegrating karfe Dmitry Zelenin da Alexander Efanov. Dole ne in ce cewa su da kansu sun taba gani a kan irin wannan matsayi, amma ba zai iya samun da shuka hannun jari, wanda a wannan lokaci kudin zahiri pennies.

Abu na farko da suka samu wani al'ada ƙararrawa tsarin, patched giant ramuka a cikin fences (ko da sata inji), kazalika da gabatar da sabon izinin tafiya, kamar yadda tsohon tsarin na dogon lokaci a zahiri aiki. A cikin watan farko an hana sata na game da miliyan daya daloli. Yana da jũna da cewa abubuwa tafi smoothly, saye reappeared ZIL. Likhachev shuka hankali samu sabon abokan ciniki ko a kasashen waje.

sabon gazawar

Alas, Luzhkov tunani in ba haka ba. Saboda haka yadda za a fara wani riba da shuka ya zama ma dadi morsel for "m kasuwanci" da kuma Efanova Zelenin sauri tilasta sayar da mai juya kan gungumen azaba. Kamfanin sake zama dũkiyar Moscow, wanda kafin mutuwa automaker kasance cikakken ba dole ba.

Hukumance, da samar da zuba miliyoyin daloli, darajar hannun jari girma ... Amma abubuwa tafi daga sharri to muni, da ma'aikatan sake for watanni bai sami Hakkin. Saboda haka abubuwan da suka tafi har sai 2010. By lokacin da shuka da aka riga kusan watsi da su. Inda a 1939 ya yi aiki kusan dubu 40 mutane a 7000 bar "shekaru na dimokuradiyya." A 2010, suka tsince 1258 (!) Truck. Na'ura mai tsaya.

Yana ceton kawai shuka da cewa babbar yankunan an samu bita a abin da gaske kashe kudi, amma saboda sun nuna wani abu ri. A kudi ke ko da daga Japan.

2011

Wannan shekara ne abin tunawa ga cewa Sobyanin isa. Ya kori shi ne ba a bayyana abin da na lissafi darektan, ya yi watsi da tayin zuwa sayar da shuka, kuma ya fara zuba kudi a cikin kamfanin. Za ta yi nasara? Duk da yake babu abin da aka sani. Duk da haka, a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2011 shi karshe an sake kaddamar da samar da tsari, fara fiye ko žasa barga ginawa motoci. Daya yana da kawai fatan cewa Likhachev shuka tukuna shawo kan rikicin.

sabon yayi

Ganin cewa a yau ne wani aiki rearmament sojoji, da kamfanin ya gudanar da ƙãra fatan high cewa gwamnatin umarni za a sanya a kan iko. Ganin tarihi da hankali reviving aji designers, da wannan suna da wani dalili mai kyau. A cikin wani hali, gwamnati ta nanata cewa shigar da karshe looting na kamfanin a wani hali ba zai yiwu ba.

A musamman, kamfanin karshe an amince a matsayi na birni-kafa. Wannan yana nufin cewa za kula da la'akari na yiwuwa karatu. A irin wannan jihar a yau ne ZIL shuka. Company adireshin - 115280, Moscow, ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.