Wannan ake sayar a cikin kwalabe na winemakers, brewers da chemists: marufi cin trends

A farko ƙungiya, shi begs amsa tambaya na abin da aka sayar a cikin kwalabe, kusan duk daya - da ruwan inabi.

Ko da yake sau da yawa Russia isa ya ambaci vodka da giya, wakiltar wani sarari gilashin kwalban. Daga baya yi tunani madara kwalban, so polutoralitrovye ruwan lemo, iyali sunadarai a roba, sunflower man da sauran ƙarfi.

tarihi baya

Domin ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri na man fetur da kuma ruwan inabi wakilan na zamanin d wayewar amfani da dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, kuma ya sassaka katako, kwantena da yumbu tasoshin. A samfur na zamani kwalabe ne, ba shakka, da tsoho Masar amphora: tsaye kunkuntar-kai tasoshin da wani sashe da kuma adana biyu giya da ruwan inabi, da na mai.

Glass kwantena ga ajiya na taya da aka amfani da fiye da dubu uku da suka wuce (1700 BC. E.). Glass kwantena sanya na ma'adini manna. The tsari da aka wuya, lokaci-cinyewa kuma lengthy. Kuma kawai sai a lõkacin da aka qirqiro a blowpipe (1-2 karni BC. E.), The tsari ya zama sauki. A Romawa ƙware da samar da gilashin kayayyakin, inganta da siffar da kuma damar tasoshin.

Bayan da 13th karni Venetian Masters articles ketare daga kasar da kuma fara bukaci a ko'ina, inda akwai wata bukata don adana da kuma kai taya, kõ dã sun kasance quite gaggautsa.

A 17th karni Birtaniya jadadda mallaka tanda, don kwal da harbe-harben. Glass kayayyakin sun zama karfi a cikin wutar, ya yiwu ne da harbe-harben da duhu kwalabe. Winemakers nan da nan gane da wannan kuma, daidai da, da zarar ya jadadda mallaka na farko salkar ruwan inabi (1661, Ingila).

Me gilashi?

A abũbuwan amfãni daga gilashi a gaban lãka ne bayyananne: mafi girma abrasion juriya, ƙananan brittleness, kusan cikakken nuna gaskiya. High transportability bayar cheap masana'antu tsari (inji don samar da gilashin aka jadadda mallaka a 1901) ya zama rinjaye a baza gilashi. Hygienic, sauki tsaftace, wani yawa da kuma launi - wadannan abũbuwan amfãni suna kara da babba, da kuma gilashin marufi da ya zama ba makawa.

Wannan ake sayar a cikin kwalabe na gilashi winemakers yau?

Jadadda mallaka ga wani kwalban giya tun da 17th karni bai halartar manyan canje-canje.

The rare da taro dauke Bordeaux kwalban, ana iya samun sauƙin gane da rarrabe da kafadu na concave kasa. Ana amfani ga ciko na ja da fari giya.

Domin Burgundian kwalabe halin da gangaren kafadu, wannan ne mafi girma na biyu gilashi kwantena ga ruwan inabi.

Ja up kwalban Burgundy kira "sarewa", shi ya fara fito da a Jamus.

Shahararren kwalban da kyalkyali ruwan inabi ya ƙirƙira (da labari, m na kyalkyali giya "Dom Perignon") m Pierre Perignon. A fasalin da wannan marufi ne bango kauri, da kuma musamman capping mai nauyi kasa.

Kwantena ga vodka kuma ruhohi

A lokacin Soviet lokacin da mazaunan ƙasar ba ta jin dadi a kan brevity na samarwa siffofin gilashin, a cikin abin da ya zuba cikin vodka, brandy da kuma Rum. vodka The sayarwa aka shirya a baya na gilashi kwantena: yawan datti kwalabe dauka, sa'an nan suka wanke kashe lakabin, sanya a musamman injin wankin tufafin, kawai bayan da sake kwalban cika da vodka. Hankula ganga sun m da duhu kore kwalabe - 0.5 lita, akalla 0.25.

Yau Deals vodka kera gigice ba kawai bambancinsa na ciki da lakabobi, amma kuma da form. Traditional gilashin kwalabe Soviet tafi da wayside, bada hanya ga ci gaban siffofin zane da monogram kuma m lakabin. Mafi sau da yawa, marufi a yau Negotiable.

Giya Glass ko Pet

Traditional ganga for giya bayan giya MUG gilashin kwalban aka dauke su: fari, m, kore, duhu launin ruwan kasa. Kafin shekarar 1970, an da'awar da gilashin for bottling giya.

kwalabe sanya daga polyethylene terephthalate (so) ya zama mika wuyansu madadin ga m gilashi. nauyi roba tasoshin ga giya (kuma sauran abubuwan sha) 0.5 L - 28 grams total, da kuma gilashin weighs 350 grams.

Masana'antun na Pet kwalabe ga abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan akwati hada a low cost, da kuma sauƙi na handling, da kuma ilmi, da kuma recyclability.

Disadvantages na so kwantena

Shamaki Properties na Pet kwalabe ba da damar taya za a adana a dogon lokaci damar. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da karami da size da gas kwayoyin (oxygen da kuma carbon dioxide) quite sauƙi shiga cikin sarkar high kwayoyin nauyi polyethylene tsarin. Kuma bã ya da wani shamaki ga UV haskoki.

Saboda haka, da kaddarorin na carbonated abubuwan sha bambanta. A Jamus, giya a Pet kwalabe iya kawai a yi amfani a cikin makonni biyu. Domestic masana'antun sa mai girma tolerances - har zuwa hudu watanni.

Wannan ake sayar a cikin kwalabe na so, fãce giya?

Kamfanin "PepsiCo" da farko yi amfani da irin wannan marufi ga m yanã shã. A 1974, da ma'aikata don samar da Pet kwalabe da aka gina a Novorossiysk wannan kamfanin.

A kasuwanci na samar da irin wannan akwati ne dauke daya daga cikin rare da riba: high yawa da ke sa shi yiwuwa a sami wani barga samun kudin shiga tare da kadan zuba jari. Game da rabo na kudin da kwalabe a karshe farashin ce wannan: 90% na farashin ma'adinai ruwa ne kudin da ganga.

A Rasha a yau so bukatar a lokacin ciko na dukan - da kiwo kayayyakin, kayan lambu mai da kuma juices. Domin jelly da kuma mai misali iya aiki - 0.9-1 l. Kwalba juices saki daga 0.1 lita zuwa lita 1.

Kwalba ma'adinai ruwa a Rasha ne kasa bukatar a gilashin fiye da a so. Wannan shi ne saboda da seasonality na amfani da kuma talla stereotype hõre a gwada sabon samfurin ga jama'a Russia (tun 1990).

Kwalabe sanya na roba da kuma aluminum, inda kuma me ya sa

Don tambaya: "Abin da aka sayar a cikin kwalabe sanya na roba" - amsar sarari: iyali da sinadarai, da turare, da Paint masana'antu.

Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin wani kitchen ba tare da wani kwalabe da daban-daban zhirosmyvatelyami kuma tabo kuranye. Babbar selection na shampoos, mala'iku, conditioners a roba ko aluminum kwalabe ne mai ban mamaki.

Automobile kuma yi Paints, enamels Kohler samar da masana'antun ba kawai a cikin manyan kwantena, amma kuma ga taro kasuwar cikin wani filastik ganga.