Virus varicella-zoster - abin da yake da shi? Herpes zoster: Jiyya, Haddasawa, Alamun

Karambau, ko, mafi daidai, smallpox iska, saba zuwa kusan kowane mazauni na Duniya. Yana saka wa mu da wani melodious ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira varicella-zoster, ya bude a 1911. Sai da na ɗauki fiye da karni tun da m lokaci. Varicella riga karatu tsawo da fadin, amma da ya lashe shi, har mutumin iya ba. Lalacewa ta hanyar wannan cuta cutar ba ya bayyana a musamman tsanani, saboda mace-mace daga gare su, 1 100 dubu lokuta, har ma sai ba daga kansu, amma daga rikitarwa sa da su. A nan a wadannan rikitarwa da kuma yaudara ne. Varicella-zoster cutar ne iya shiga cikin jini, a cikin Lymph, a da yawa da tsarin da kwayoyin. Kore shi daga can ba zai yiwu ba. Da zarar gabatar a cikin jikin mu, da m jinkirta tare da mu har abada.

Hoto na wani virus

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus nasa ne da HALITTAR hada da 17 jinsin. Daga gare su akwai waɗanda ke shafa kawai wasu dabbobi, ko da tsuntsaye, amma akwai zalla mutum. Wadannan damuwa da kuma ra'ayoyi dauke da mu "zoster". A kalma tana nufin in Greek "bel" da ta nuna da juna na raunuka, ya lura mafi akai-akai.

Kama da shi daga aladu, da kaji, da karnuka da sauran dabbobi ba zai iya zama. A duniya taxonomy na dauke da kwayar cutar pathogens shi ne ake kira Human alphaherpesvirus 3rd irin. All ƙwayoyin cuta ne microscopically kananan, amma kowanne na da musamman "fuska". A microscope nuna mana cewa varicella-zoster dimbin yawa zagaye ko dan kadan m, da core kunshi DNA, da kuma wani harsashi warwatse spines sanya hadaddun sunadarai. Asalinsu bugawa jikin wanda aka azabtar, da cutar sa cutar karambau.

Hanyoyi kamuwa da cuta

Varicella-zoster virus kawai infects mutane, yawanci na yaro na makarantan nasare da kuma yaran makaranta. A musamman high yawan cututtuka a makarantu, kindergartens, a wani babban yawan teams. Hanya - Airborne (sneezing, tari) da kuma fil. ko da yaushe kafa kumfa, wanda zai iya ƙidaya dubban dubbai na ƙwayoyin cuta a jikin wani marasa lafiya yaro. A lokacin da wadannan kumfa fashe, tare da pathogens exudate daga cikin yanayi da zai iya shigar da jikin da lafiya mutum ta hanyar datti hannuwa, abubuwa ko jiki lamba, kamar hannunka shake. Grace ƙwayoyin cuta iya zama kawai a cikin sel su aka azabtar, saboda haka, kasancewa a waje, zama m. Sun iya kashe wani disinfecting bayani, ruwan, wani ƙuna.

cututtuka

Yana shiga cikin jikin mu varicella-zoster ta bakin, wanda aka ajiye a kan mucous membranes. Lashe su na farko "bridgehead", ƙwayoyin cuta ana gabatar a cikin limfososudy, jini, huhu, da juyayi tsarin da autonomic, laka Kwayoyin. Iya shiga cikin wadannan gawarwaki, suka fara zuwa haifa, kuma sun riga ƙware a cikin jiki, haddasa cutar. Daga lokacin kamuwa da cuta har farko bayyanar cututtuka zai iya daukar kwanaki 14 ko fiye. Babban alama na karambau ne bayyanar kumfa a cikin wani kurji a duk faɗin jiki. A farko, da suka yi kama da m nodules, amma da sauri girma da girman da wani wasa shugaban ko kadan kasa. Su ne a karkashin bakin ciki fata ne translucent exudate. Lokacin da kumfa fashe, shi ya bi exudate, da kuma zama a kan fata sores, yayin da desiccation nuna a cikin scabs.

A zafin jiki a waxannan cututtukan preschoolers wuya yakan zuwa high dabi'u da kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da aka gudanar a yankin na 37,5 ° C, ãyõyin maye sau da yawa ba a lura, amma yaro na iya zama capricious, ki ci, ya zama kasãla. Mazan yara (7-12 shekaru) sha karambau da ɗan mafi rikitarwa, ko da yake suna da cutar na iya faruwa a wani fairly sauki hanya tare da low-sa zazzabi da kuma ji na gamsuwa.

Varicella rash matsala ne cewa a cikin marasa lafiya da dukan zamanai karfi itches. Yara ƙaiƙayi, kuma yaga kashe ɓawon burodi, da barin ka fata rayuwa alama-ospinki.

A manya, na farko karambau, cutar ne mafi tsananin azãba. Suna alama:

• rauni.
• ciwon kai.
• high zazzabi Manuniya.
• jiki aches.
• barci disturbances.
• wani lokacin tashin zuciya ga amai da kuma take hakkin da kujera.

Karambau a mata masu juna biyu da kuma jarirai

Daga ciki karambau kamu da wuya (ba fiye da 5%), tun mafi yawan mata masu karambau a lokacin yarantaka, da kuma jiki ne su iya ci gaba antibodies zuwa varicella-zoster cutar. Jariri 6 watanni, su kuma samar da kariya a kan cutar. Saboda haka grudnichki karambau kusan ba su samu lafiya.

Abin baƙin ciki, idan da farko kamuwa da smallpox virus ya faru a lokacin daukar ciki, akwai hadarin don harba su da kuma 'ya'yan itace (8%). Idan cutar faru a farko trimester, da kuma 5% na yara na iya zama daban-daban nakasar malformations (convulsions, inna, rudimentary yatsunsu, mahaukaci bayyanar da gabobin). Lokacin da cuta a cikin na biyu trimester da 2% sabawa jarirai, yayin da guda cutar lokuta a cikin na uku trimester.

Amma idan uwar shi ne rashin lafiya tare da kaza pox kwanaki biyar kafin ceto, ko kuma a cikin kwana biyu, bayan da suka yi karambau jariri Saide wuya sosai, watakila ma sun rasa rayukansu.

Ganewar asali varicella-zoster, IgG, IgM da sauran antibody

Tun da farko ganewar asali "kaza pox" an tashe gani. Yanzu likitoci da za'ayi a jerin gwaje-gwaje don gano abin da irin cutar sa cutar da kuma abin da shi, a cikin jiki ci gaba antibodies. Modern bincikowa da ya hada da:

• Shafa daga baka rami.
• A jini gwajin domin sanin irin cutar.
• Analysis na exudate kumfa.
• Antibody gwajin kungiyar IgM, wanda aka kafa a kusan nan da nan bayan farko na da cuta a cikin pre-B lymphocytes, da kuma jini gano a kan 4th rana na rashin lafiya. Daga bisani marasa lafiya nuna antibodies da sauran kungiyoyin. IgG antibodies dabi'u girma sannu a hankali, amma kuma sannu a hankali rage bayan bacewar bayyane bayyanar cututtuka na cutar da kuma lalata. Shi ne dũkiyõyinsu da ake amfani da ganewar asali daga wasu siffofin na kullum ailments.

magani

Yawanci, karambau marasa lafiya ba asibiti. House su bi wani hanya na antiviral kwayoyi ( "Acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), a kan shaidar rubũta antipyretics, antihistamines, kuma rashes duk smeared da kore Paint ko fukortsinom. Don inganta rigakafi Doctors kuma yaba da bitamin da kuma rage cin abinci.

The jiki ya kasance m ga mai rayuwa ne antibodies da cutar varicella-zoster, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga reinfection. M wannan antibody IgG kungiyoyin, amma zai iya zama ba kuma kungiyar IgA, IgM. AT IgA matakin saukad da muhimmanci ta 4th wata bayan da cutar. M da suka kare mucous membranes da kayan ciki dokoki 20% na dukkan antibodies. IgM na jimlar immunoglobulins ne 10% kuma 75% IgG. Su ne kawai iya zarcẽwa mahaifa (godiya ta zuwa ga m size), kuma ya ba da wata barã'aa da tayin a cikin mahaifa.

rikitarwa

Tun bayan karambau a cikin jiki a cikin mutane ne antibodies zuwa varicella-zoster cutar IgG, su sami lifelong rigakafi. Matsalolin da cutar a al'ada yara zai iya zama kamuwa da cuta, da aka jera a scratches papules. A sosai rauni yara ne yiwu rikitarwa:

• ciwon huhu (cututtuka: tari, da zazzabi, cyanosis na fata, shortness na numfashi).
• Encephalitis (bayyanar cututtuka: ciwon kai, zazzabi, convulsions, asarar daidaituwa, tashin zuciya).
• bursitis.
• amosanin gabbai.
• thrombophlebitis.

A manya, a kan bango na karambau zai iya ci gaba:

• laryngitis.
• tracheitis.
• meningitis.
• encephalitis.
• hepatitis.
• amosanin gabbai.
• erysipelas.
• abscesses, cellulitis, streptoderma.

Shingles Sanadin

Wannan cutar da ake kuma kira a matsayin "shingles." Varicella-zoster cutar, da zarar makale a cikin jiki, ci gaba da rayuwa a wata latent (m) jiha a cikin jijiya Kwayoyin a cikin laka, a cikin girman kwanyar jijiyoyi a cikin ganglia (gungu na neurons) na juyayi tsarin. Yayin da mutum rigakafi da tsarin ne da karfi, da suka zama a zare jiki da kuma ba sa damuwa. Amma da zaran jiki raunana, ƙwayoyin cuta nan take a kunne. A sakamakon haka, da sabon kaza pox ba ya faru ba, amma wani mutum yana farawa sauran cuta - shingles, Magana game da category na cututtuka, da kuma farfado da halayyar rash a jiki.

dalilai:

• tiyata, raunin da ya faru da kuma sauran cututtuka, ciki har da m na numfashi da ciwon ya kama, mura;
• m danniya.
• matalauta ingancin abinci.
• aiki, m jiki;
• matalauta rai yanayi.
• kullum cutar, wanda ya ba da komowan cutar.
• ciki;
• hypothermia.
• Gabar dasawa.
• wasu magunguna da cewa kashe da na rigakafi da tsarin.
• tsufa.

cututtuka

Shingles yakan auku a manya amma kuma a frail yara wanda ya karambau, shi kuma za a iya gano cutar. Ya main gani cututtuka su ne rash a jiki, an yafi dake akwai, inda jijiya kututturan. Tare da herpes kusa da hanci da kuma a kan lebe da wannan cuta yana da kõme ba su yi, kamar yadda wani virus kira cewa analysis nuna. Virus varicella-zoster, da samun 'yanci daga ajiye su, a rajistan shiga rigakafi, fita daga jijiya Kwayoyin da fuskantar da su axons da tukwici na jijiya. Kai burin, shi sa fata kamuwa da cuta. Alamun-precursors:

• da yawan zafin jiki.
• unexplained gajiya, kuma malaise.
• rashin makamashi.
• bacewar ci.
• zafi da itching (wani lokacin m tingling) a cikin filin na gaba eruptions.

Alamun a ganiya da cuta:

• kurji a cikin nau'i na kumfa tare da m exudate.
• kumbura Lymph nodes.
• neuralgic zafi (wanda zai iya zama m, ko da karfi).
• subfebrile zazzabi sama.
• ãyõyin maye.

Rashin lafiya yana daga wani mako zuwa wata.

Rarrabuwa da irin kurji

Varicella-zoster iya kai farmaki sassa daban-daban na jiki, sabili da haka rarrabe tsakanin wadannan iri shingles:

• Ophthalmic (bugi ophthalmic reshe na trigeminal jijiya a cewa shi zai iya lalata cornea). Bayyana ta jin zafi a cikin idanu, da fall na view, wani kurji a haikali da kusa da idanu.
• Ramsay-Hunt ciwo (buga da mimic tsokoki, da kurji lura a cikin baka rami da kunne canal).
• Engine (myotomes mamakin da dermatomes, marasa lafiya koka ciwo mai tsanani a reshe tsokoki na hannu da dantse).

Bisa ga hanya da cutar rarrabe waɗannan iri:

• abortifacient (ba tare da zafi da rash).
• cystic (kurji sosai manyan).
• zub da jini (jini ba a cikin exudate kumfa).
• Necrotic (papules faruwa a kan tabo na fata necrosis).
• jimlace (rash duk kan jiki).

bincikowa da

Asibiti da kuma gani shingles kafin rash ne sau da yawa kuskure domin appendicitis, angina, pleurisy da kuma sauran cututtuka. gudanar da gwaje-gwaje bincike idan ya cancanta. Varicella-zoster bayyanãwa kulawa da lifiya, shi ne, don su bincika samfurori karkashin wani hange. Har ila yau, ta amfani da immunofluorescence da serological hanyoyin. Nagartaccen dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu da za'ayi a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• Grudnichki-marasa lafiya.
• yara immunodeficiency jihohi.
• atypical herpes.
• rikitarwa hanya da cuta.

A yara, kamu a cikin mahaifar, da ake samu a babban adadin antibodies varicella-zoster IgG antibodies da IgM. Bambantawa da aka yi da PCR. Wannan dauki ila yau, taimaka wajen gano cutar da in babu wani kurji a kan fata da kuma da kasancewar a kan kayan ciki.

Jiyya na herpes zoster

Idan bincike ya m - varicella-zoster kamu da 100% yaƙĩni. Bayan haka, likita zai ƙayyade magani algorithm. Dole ne in ce cewa matasa shingles wuce ba tare da kwayoyi, amma sunã rãyar da abinci da kuma gado sauran. Magunguna iya bugun dawo da kuma hana rikitarwa, kazalika da cire zafi da zazzabi, idan wani.

Antiviral wajabta wa marasa lafiya girmi shekaru 50, ƙwarai raunana, sha wahala rauni da kuma tiyata, da shan wahala daga matsananciyar cututtuka, da kuma yara. Prevalent kwayoyi - shi ne "Acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir", da kuma daga cikin maganin ciwo "Ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" da kuma analogues. Har ila yau, a kan shaidar wajabta anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids. Lokacin kamu da varicella-zoster ido da kuma / ko haƙuri aka kwantar kwakwalwa.

rikitarwa

An ruwaito a cikin 28% warke daga shingles. Marasa lafiya koka:

• Heart hangen nesa.
• ji hasara.
• m da unexplainable ciwon kai.
• spontaneously bayyana dizziness.
• jiki soreness bayan da bacewar da kurji.

Ga wasu marasa lafiya na iya ci gaba cardiac da / ko na koda insufficiency, daga ƙarƙashinsu wahala na oncological cututtuka, da makanta, wani nauyi, lalacewar kwakwalwa da kuma / ko laka nama.

A Zostavax maganin da aka tsara a matsayin m gwargwado. Ingancinta da aka kafa empirically, daidai da 50%.