Vincenzo Bellini, Italiyanci mawaki: biography, kerawa

Vincenzo Bellini - da m continuer na Bel canto wasar kwaikwayo ta waka al'adar - rayu a takaice amma sosai m rayuwa. Ya bar 11 aiki mai girma, bugawa ta karin waƙa da jituwa. "Norma" wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wanda ya rubuta a shekaru 30, a yanzu ya shiga saman 10 mafi m gargajiya ayyukansu.

yara

Bellini iyali na ƙarni da dama da aka hade da music. Kakan nan gaba na duniya shahara opera marubucin, Vincenzo Tobio, wani mawaki da kuma organist, Rosario mahaifin - shugaba da kuma mawaki na ɗakin sujada, ya ba music darussa a aristocratic iyalan Sicilian Catania. Vincenzo Bellini aka haife kan Nuwamba 3, 1801. Riga a farkon shekarun da ya fara nuna m iyawa. The iyali shi ba musamman m, amma a nan an mamaye da soyayya da kerawa.

shekaru nazari

Riga da shekaru biyar na Vincenzo Bellini fara koyon wasa da Piano, ya shawarta ya kakana. A shekaru bakwai da haihuwa yaro rubuta nasa aikin - yabon Allah Tantum ergo. Amma ba da ita ga wani music makaranta ba zai yiwu ba, saboda haka, shekaru 14, ya ci gaba da aiki tare da kakansa. By wannan shekaru, Vincenzo ya riga wani gida Celebrity.

Rekõdinsa zama sha'awar Eleonora Duchess Sammartino, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa saurayi da aka bai ilimi a cikin Naples Conservatory, kuma a watan Yuni 1819 wani saurayi da aka shigar na farko shekara. Shekara guda daga baya, da ya wuce matsakaiciyar jarrabawa, wanda kayyade wanda zai ci gaba da karatu, da kuma wanda - ba. Vincenzo bai sani kawai, an bar a wani ilimi ma'aikata, amma kuma canjawa wuri zuwa free ilimi, wanda a yarda da shi don ya saki kudi na birnin, taimaka wa iyali da kuma koyi godiya ga da basira.

A Bellini Conservatory karatu tare da Dzingarelli fice malami wanda ya kasance mai tsananin tare da yara maza da yaushe ya shawarci shi a magance da karin waƙa. A lokacin da shekaru na karatu, ya sanya dalibi rubuta a 400 kunne horo. A kide Bellini gana ta nan gaba aboki da kuma nan gaba biographer Mercadante - Florimo. Shekaru na nazari sun yi manyan tasiri a kan saurayi, sa'an nan ya kafa asali m style. A 1824, wani saurayi sake brilliantly tsaye kusa jarrabawa. A kan sakamakon, dõmin wannan ba kawai don inganta rayuwar, amma kuma damar da za su halarci wasan kwaikwayo sau biyu a mako.

A lokacin da ya nazarin ya fara ji daga Italian wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wanda ya yi m ra'ayi a kan shi. Bayan sauraron "Semiramide" by Rossini ya taƙaice rasa addini a kwarewarsu, amma nan da nan shukar kuma dauki aikin na babban gada a matsayin wani kalubale. Ya fara aiki a farkon kwaikwayo, "Adelson da Salvini" a Faransa Arnaud labari. A 1825 an aiwatar da dalibai da kuma yana da quite wani babban nasara. Na ji wannan opera na Donizetti da kuma sanya samfurin da marubucin yaba. A karshe jarrabawa na kide Bellini rents, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, mãdalla da kuma matsayin sakamako samun rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan kwaikwayo kwangila.

na farko domin

Bayan zartar da karshe jarrabawa, Bellini sami izni domin ya koyar, kuma zuwa lambar yabo shi damar rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Theater. Ya aka ba da 'yancin zabi, kuma ya tsaya a kan rubutun da na matasa marubucin Domenico Gilardoni "Carlo, Duke na Agrigento", wanda Ya halitta libretto "Bianca da Dzhernando". Italian wasar kwaikwayo ta waka a wannan lokaci shi ne mafi gaye spectacle a farko game da dukan duniya. The masu sauraro da aka quite wuya, kuma shi ne ba da sauki faranta, amma farko na Bellini ta opera aka gaishe da babbar sha'awa. a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "San Carlo", da farko ya opera May 30, 1826, har ma da sarki da kansa, sabanin hadisin, sai ya tsaya har da na tafi zuwa ga mawallafin. Dzingarelli da aka cika da girman kai a cikin almajiri da annabta a girma a nan gaba gare shi.

"Dan fashi na teku"

Nasarar da matasa mawaki ya bayar da wani sabon tsari. A manajan na wasan kwaikwayo Royal yayi Vincenzo rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo na Milan "La Scala". Composing music zama Bellini kawai tushen samun kudin shiga, ya na zaune a Milan da kuma na aiki a kan wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka sa ido ga masu sauraro. A wannan aikin mun ɓullo da wani jummai mawaki kuma librettist Felice Romani, wanda dade har zuwa karshen m makadi ta hanyar. The "Pirates" da aka nuna wani musamman style of Vincenzo Bellini, ta arias da vocalize sosai melodic, da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba kawai ta raira waƙa da kai a ji na hali. Oktoba 27, 1827 Milan nagartaccen sauraro tafi bayar da debutant. Ga kowane gaba show aka sayar fitar da kira marubucin. Duk wannan ya fuka-fuki ga mawaki.

"Stranger"

Shekara guda bayan nasarar "Pirates" Wasan Kwaikwayo "La Scala" umurni da wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo ta Bellini. Kamar yadda wani da wallafe-wallafen Dalili na mawaki yana amfani da Arlenkura labari. Its mãkirci ne manufa domin Bel canto wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Milan masu sauraro da aka sa idon farko na wani sabon aikin riga ƙaunataccen mawaki. A 1829, da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da aka gabatar da su ga masu sauraro. Yana da cikakken rayu har zuwa tsammanin da kuma nuna wani balagagge master. Nasarar yana da nauyi ƙwarai. A "Stranger" Bellini bayyana da yawa daga cikin siffofin da musamman style da kuma gabatar da dama asali m yanke shawara. Barcarolle ya soma mataki yanke shawara, wanda ya girgiza masu kallo.

"La Sonnambula"

A 1831 a mataki na Milan wasan kwaikwayo "Carcano" akwai wani sabon samfurin da Belin - "La Sonnambula". A farko ya da wani rabo mai girma. Jagora amincewa amfani da su da sabbin dabarun a music kuma mataki mafita. A "La Sonnambula," ya ci gaba da ya fi so topic - motsin zuciyarmu da kuma sha'awa. Masu a kan wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da cikakken ni'ima, suna yadu amfani da kalmar "fitacciyar" yabawa aikin na mawaki. "La Sonnambula" siffofi da wani jitu mutunci, ma'ana mãkirci ci gaba da kuma m karin waƙa. Ta zama rungumi wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo na Bel canto.

"Norma"

Har ila yau a 1831, akwai wani "Norma" wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, Bellini tabbata. Duk da haka, Sahaban dauki shi kyawawan sanyi. Kawai sanannen cavatina "Casta Diva" An gaishe da tafi. A wannan aikin da mawaki farin duk mafi kyau aukuwa da kuma dabaru. Shi ne da aikin wani mai balagagge artist. Main aria "Casta Diva" shi ne har yanzu daya daga cikin mafi wuya soprano ayyuka a cikin duniya. Duk da rauni farko nasara, da opera jiran arziki. Bayan 'yan hits da Milanese jama'a zafin adalci da rahama da yaba da tafi Maestro. "Norma" Vinchentso Bellini ne a gane classic na duniya al'adu, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi akai-akai yi operas. A da shi, ya ya iya cimma cikakkiyar jituwa music da labarin.

"A ha] e"

Vincenzo Bellini, wanda biography ne kakkarfan dangankata da aikinsa, ya rayu tare da ayyukansa, kowanne daga abin da aka tabbataccen mataki a gare shi. Ya karshe wasar kwaikwayo ta waka - "ha] e" - ba marubucin tunani a matsayin karshe samfurin na wani aiki. Literary tushen ga libretto ya labari da Sir Walter Scott. Yana premiered a kan Janairu 25, 1835 a birnin Paris, da kuma ya zama wani gagarumin taron a al'adu rai na Faransa. Nasarar da aka haka babba, da cewa Bellini da aka bai wa wani taron tare da sarauta iyali da kuma aka bayar da Tuli na karimci.

operatic al'adunmu

A lokacin rayuwarsa da mawaki ya rubuta 11 operas, ba dukansu sun kasance ne mãsu cin nasara. Saboda haka, "Zaire" by W. Scott ya ba musamman nasara. Wannan tushe daga mai gajeren lokaci da majalisa ta zauna don aiki, da matsaloli tare da libretto. A irin wannan rabo jiran da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Beatrice di Trend" da bala'i K. Fores. Basic opera Vinchentso Bellini "Norma", "Stranger", "Somnambulist", "A ha] e" - don haka yanzu tare da nasara tafi a daban-daban sinimomi na duniya. mawaki sunan ne a kan wani par da irin wannan girma Italiya kamar yadda Rossini da Donizetti. A Casta Diva Vinchentso Bellini wani real gwajin ga dukan mawaƙa na duniya. Wannan gwajin da aka gudanar kawai mafi kyau singer. Cikin shahararrun masu aikatawa na da rawar da Standards ya Maria Callas, ta yi ta rikodin yawan sau - 89. Modern opera star Montserrat Caballe da kuma Anna Netrebko kamar yadda ya maher haskaka a cikin wannan rawa.

The m style of Vincenzo Bellini

Mawaki shiga music tarihi a matsayin mafi girma a master na Italian Bel canto. Aikinsa ne bambanta da dadi launin waƙa, Notes da Neapolitan da Sicilian jama'a songs. Ya} ir} aka bayyana a cikin melodizing recitatives. Kafin shi, babu wanda ya aikata. Ya nemi daidaita da gaskiya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru bayyana ne, da karin waža kuma mai juyayi na haruffa. Aikinsa ne ya rinjayi composers kamar Chopin da Wagner.

sirrinka

Vincenzo Bellini zauna a takaice rai, amma shi ya musamman m. Ya ko da yaushe aiki wuya. Saboda haka, Kuxin aria ya rewrote sau shida, amma a lokaci guda zuwa ga zama cikakken rai. Duk da yake har yanzu a dalibi a Naples Vincenzo fara wani al'amari tare da 'yar daya daga cikin music malaman kwalejin, ya kasance ko da niyyar aure da yarinya, amma iyayen ta sun da shi. Ko da yake daga baya suka sāke, da aure ba ya faru. The girma daraja da mawaki sanya mai tsananin kyau ga mata. Ya aka yaba da wani babba yawan litattafan da wanda ya sa aka yi wahayi zuwa ga haifar. A 1828, sai ya sadu da wani aure lady Giuditta Turin. A romance tsakanin su tsawon shekaru biyar, shi ne mai labarin cike da hawaye, wasan kwaikwayo, da kishi, ko da scandals. Daga baya ya zai kira wannan dangantaka jahannama.

A lokacin rayuwarsa, Bellini ya yi aiki a Milan, Venice, Paris, London. Mafi yawansu ya m rai ya shafe a Milan. City ba shi duk abin da: soyayya, daraja, dũkiya. A karshe shekaru biyu ya rayu a Paris, kokarin lashe Faransa jama'a. A lokacin da rayuwar da mawaki yana da dama high-ranking hannu da shuni, wadda gudummawar da aiki.

Da wuya aikin da ya gurgunta da kiwon lafiya na mawaki. A lokacin rani marigayi 1835 ya shan wahala mai yawa da kuma 22 Satumba mutuwa na hanji kumburi. Yana asali aka binne shi a birnin Paris, amma daga baya ya koma Sicily toka.