Vasily Katchalov - manyan actor na Moscow Art Theater

Actor Vasily Kachalov da aka sani a cikin wasan kwaikwayo duniya, kazalika da Leonardo Vinci a cikin art duniya. Ya} unshi duk abin da yake cewa a yau muna kira da talented Soviet artist. Figure littafi, ya taba yi karatu aiki, da jin dadin da ban mamaki wasan kwaikwayo fara'a.

headwaters

11.02.1875, a Vilna (zamani Vilnius) a cikin iyali na firist Ioanna Shverubovicha, mazaunin na wani Orthodox coci, da uku dan da aka haifa. Yana da aka Vasiliy Kachalov. Biography actor aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, V. Ya. Vilenkinym, wanda ya yi magana game da yaro ta nan gaba m artist. Uba zo daga Belarushiyanci gentry, uwarsa Yaren mutanen Poland da kuma Lithuanian asalinsu. The iyali da aka gudanar mai kauri makaranta ilimi, yaro na Basil bulale ga laifinsu. Bugu da kari zuwa biyu mazan da 'yan'uwansa, da shekaru bambanci abin da yake 10-15 shekaru daga baya, biyu' yan mata da aka haife: Sonya da Sasha. Su aka widowed farkon da karshe 26 shekaru sun kasance karkashin jagorancin na V. Kachalov, wanda ya rayu tare.

Yaron samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi a cikin 1st Grammar School, wanda a lokaci guda da ya kammala karatunsa F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Rinjayi mahaifinsa wanda za'ayi da sabis da babban sanã'ar da pathos a cikin murya, ya hau zuwa hukuma da kuma tsunduma a declamation. Great ra'ayi a kan shi ya yi kwaikwayon na "The Demon" vilnenskogo gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ƙaddara ya jaraba. A nahawu makaranta ɗakin barci scene, ya, kasancewa na shida grader, ya sanya ya halarta a karon a cikin rawar da sufeto-janar, nan da nan ya zama wani gida Celebrity. Kuma a sa'an nan akwai rawar da Nozdryov Podkolosina, real so ga gida wasan kwaikwayo. Duk da haka, saurayin ya tafi yi a St. Petersburg University a zambiyõyin yayansa Anastas, yana nuna abin da ake nufi da za a yi karatu. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov barin iyayentaka gida a 1894-m.

Fara aiki aiki

Shiga jami'a a dokar makaranta, saurayin nan da nan ta zama wata takara a cikin wasan kwaikwayo kungiyar da layi daya ciyarwa dukan lokaci a Alexandria Theater. A cikin shawarwarin da actor M. I. Pisareva aka yi kokarin a matsayin Valero Moliere "The rõwa," a cikin wani karamin wasan kwaikwayo (da umarni E. Karpov), bayan ya samu albarkar da mataki da fitarwa na samuwa iyawa. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (photo a wani matasa shekaru da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) da na koya a babban actor V. N. Davydova, wanda ya jagoranci a lokacin da dalibi gidan wasan kwaikwayo kulob din. Da farko nasarar da aka rawar Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "Forest"), wanda a cikin 1895 ya gabatar wa jama'a. Yaba VN Davydov zo tare da matasan.

A 21, saurayin an riga an zama wata sana'a actor Suvorinsky wasan kwaikwayo tare da albashi na 50 rubles. Lokacin da yin kwangila A. S. Suvorin shawarar canza sunan Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich mafi jitu. Saboda haka da actor bayyana da sunan barkwanci da wanda ya aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya. Wani saurayi da nasarar hade da sana'a aiki tare da ilimi, ko da yake kerawa da kuma bohemian rayuwa da ita gaba daya kama. Amma rawar da Suvorin (ya buga su 35) sun kawai comedy da vaudeville hali, don haka a kan shawara na V. N. Davydova actor ke lardin, da barin jami'a bayan shekaru hudu na binciken.

lardin a lokacin

Da zarar wani talented kasuwa M. M. Borodayu, 2 shekaru da kuma 6 watanni na Vasily Katchalov taka leda a birane biyu, magana a Saratov da Kazan. Ya aka damu da wani aikin, wasa a wannan lokaci game da 250 matsayin. A 23, ya halicci image na Cassius a Shakespeare "Yulii Tsezare," samu gagarimin kira bisa. Masu kallo buga bayyanar da actor: da mafi girma (185 cm), ya kasance quite bakin ciki da kuma kodadde, amma daidai ƙware da jiki. Actor rayayye da hannu a hannu da wuce yarda tsawo a kan yanayin da yatsunsu. Amma babban taska ne ya m murya. Sonorous baritone zahiri sihirtacce zaune a cikin zauren.

Bayan wani m Shakhovsky rawa a "Sarkin Fyodor" da kuma samar da a babban birnin kasar na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo (1898), ya fara mafarki na babban mataki. A Kazan, ya sadu da nan gaba matarsa, actress Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), wanda ya kasance dalibi na Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Yana karshe m tashi zuwa Moscow.

Ana zargin da Art Theater

Bayan isowa a watan Fabrairu 1900 a Moscow Art Theater Kachalov yi ze Stanislavski. Yana da aka zaba a matsayin scene inda ya bayyana alternately a biyu images: Boris Godunov da Ivana Groznogo. kan sarki ya juya daga a lardin sun taka mummunan rawar - show aka basu hakura ya ci. Vasily Katchalov bai daina kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a kowace rana, kallon wasa na fice yan wasan kwaikwayo na lokaci. By saitin shirya "Snow Maiden", amma babu daya tsayayya rawa Berendey. Stanislavski yanke shawarar ba da novice actor wata dama da aka ba kuskure.

Bayan da maimaitawa sai ya rungume Kachalov, ya yi babban aiki a kan kanka da kuma kama bukatun na m wasan kwaikwayo manajoji. Babban rabo halarta a karon Satumba 1900, m da wani haske nan gaba a gaban wani actor. Daga farko fice ayyukansu:

• Baron rawa a cikin play "The Lower acan karkashin", wanda Gorky ce da sha'awa.
• Kaisar a eponymous play da William Shakespeare.
• Matsayin ayyuka a cikin plays na A. P. Chehova "The Cherry Orchard" (Trofimov) da kuma "Three Sisters" (TUZENBACH).

aiki ganiya

Wannan nasara ya zo Vasily Ivanovich a 1905, da kuma har da juyin juya halin Moscow zai zama haka cikin soyayya da shi, da cewa bawa zai hadarin kudi mai yawa sayar da abubuwa daga tufafi, wanda farauta domin da yawa magoya. Mawãƙi S. Solovyov zai kira shi "Sarkin girlish akida", da kuma masu sauraro za su san dukan matsayin ba tare da togiya. A kowane ya ajiye fahimtar da hali na gwarzo, miƙa wani m, amma ta hanyar wahala fassarar. Saboda haka, ya fentin wani mabanbanta image na Danish yarima, kifar da pedestal a kan wanda ya miƙa a shekaru baya. Yana nuna da bala'i na alƙarya da wani tunanin rikici: fahimtar da imperfections na rayuwa da kuma gazawan canza wani abu a cikin shi (1911).

Glumova yi wasa A. I. Ostrovskogo ko da yaushe taka leda a villain da wani careerist. Vasily Katchalov zai bayar da wani sabon fassarar da image, inda zai bayyana talented da kuma m, ga wanda duk na rayuwa - wasan. Kuma a cikin wannan wasan, sai ya so ya zama mai nasara (1910). The rawa Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - daya daga cikin toughest a kan mataki. Wata rana wasa da shi, da actor zai yi amfani da tsakiyar monologue a kide, m ta hanyar Karamazov fahimtar duniya (1910). Ya daga baya ya gane cewa ya ƙaunace Karamazov a tawaye ga Allah da kuma bangaskiya a cikin ikon dalilin. Yana lit shi ko halakar da gwarzo, wanda ya wajaba mai ban mamaki kishin rayuwa.

yawon shakatawa

By juyin juya halin a V. I. Kachalova hali ya ambivalent. A daya hannun, ya kasance saba da juyin juya halin Musulunci Nikolai Bauman kuma dauke gamuwa da shi daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a rayuwa, a kan sauran - dansa Vadim suka yi jihãdi a cikin White Army. Daga shekara ta 1919 ya jagoranci wani ɓangare na nagartattu suka tafi a kan yawon shakatawa a cikin kudancin kasar. The yaki tilasta 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a bar su mahaifarsa, kuma su yawon shakatawa ci gaba a Turai, Sofia, Prague, Berlin, Zagreb, Paris. West yaba da tafi da talanti guda na Russia, kuma Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich taka leda fiye da kide da kuma karo na farko yana karanta "Scythians" Blok. Man mamaki ilimi, ya karanta Homer a Greek da Horace - a Latin.

Rataya a kan wani kadan hutu, da nagartattu da aka aiko zuwa ga sabon tafiya, dauke da fitar da wani US yawon shakatawa, wanda nasarar fara kewayawa yankuna da play "Tsar Fyodor". By lokacin da iyali koma kauye na Jamus, da kuma K. S. Stanislavsky ya ji tsoron cewa da yawa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba zai dawo daga yawon shakatawa. Ya aika wata wasika gayyatar da nagartattu tara a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A watan Agusta 1924 farko V.Kachalov koma Moscow.

Personal rai

A Vasily Kachalov ya samu halartar gentry da ikon yinsa, amma a lokaci guda, alheri da kuma wani unwillingness tada mutane. Ya ƙaunar hira, yanayin, dogon tafiya da kuma wani idin tare da yardar gudãnar da su a gida. Ya Apartment ya gani wata babbar lamba na sanannun mutane, cikinsu da Sergei Yesenin. Ya sanya abokai da Doberman mai suna Jim, rubuta mai kyau waka "The Hound na Kachalov".

Daga shekarar 1900 har zuwa rasuwarsa Vasily Katchalov aka aure su Nina Nikolayevna, wanda aka bar durkusar bayan wani rashin lafiya kuma ba zai iya bayyana a kan mataki. Ya taimaka mata ta yi shiryarwa ba. A ranar da 50th tunawa da Nicholas na taka leda a cikin play game da Decembrists, halshen matarsa. Ya aka yaba da wata babbar dama litattafan, ciki har da dogon lokacin da dangantaka tare da actress, da matar wani mutum mai girma. Amma bai bar iyali, m ta kawai dan Vadim.

Ya kariminci ba da kanka ga mutane karshe, sunã yin sujada scene. Bugu da kari a wasanni, ta gudanar da wani babban shagali, bar baya da wata babbar yawan records samuwa a yau. A 1928, ya alamar tauraro a cikin shiru film "The White Eagle" (directed by J. Protazanov). A lokacin yin fim na "Hanyar Rayuwa" (1931) da aka wakkala a gare shi karanta Littafin waqoqi game da rashin gida yara, da samar da yanayi na hoto. A jihar ya kiyasta ta isa yabo da daraja na jama'ar kasar Artist da Tarayyar Soviet (1936).

A karshe shekaru ransa

Bayan yakin duniya na II, wanda aka gudanar a cikin fitarwa, zuwa mataki na Art Theater actor ba fita. Ya karshe muhimmiyar rawa ya Bardin a play da Maxim Gorky "gābansu." Ya fadi da rashin lafiya da ciwon sukari, amma ya ci gaba da shiga a cikin auditions kuma concert shirye-shirye. 9/30/1948 bayan shekaru 50 na bauta wa Melpomene shige daga Vasily Katchalov. Brief biography ba da damar a yi wa mutum kai sikelin da wani babban actor, tare da kula da cewa za ka iya magana game da karshen wani dukan zamanin wasan kwaikwayo.