Travertine - abin da yake da shi? Features da kuma halaye na kayan

The abu daga abin da Roman Colosseum aka gaba daya gina, ana kiransa "travertine". Mene ne wannan? Bari mu fuskanci shi.

Travertine - abin da yake da shi?

Kira travertine travertine - a polycrystalline lafiya-grained dutse. dutse da sunan zo daga Italian travertino. A arni na farko BC, wani abu da ake kira Dutsen Tibur (lapis tiburtinus). Travertine dutse ne tsaka-tsakin tsari tsakanin farar ƙasa da marmara.

Kamar yadda aka kafa

Travertine shaida tsari ne mai samfurin na alli carbonate (aragonite ko calcite) na sanyi ko zafi carbonate kafofin. Species kafa ta kau da narkewa alli bicarbonate dauke da carbon dioxide mafita:

Ca (HCO _{3) 2} → CaCO ₃ + H ₂ Ya + CO _2.

Babban dalilin shi ne matsa lamba maniyyi, wanda na iya faruwa a wani fitarwa na ruwan karkashin kasa zuwa surface for yadawa a cikin yanayi, guda biyu tare da m ruwa motsi, kazalika da assimilation da shuke-shuke. Travertine-dutse sau da yawa ruwansa da shuka kwafi. Yana kuma iya dauke da dama Organic sharan.

Travertine ne na halitta: babban halaye na

Stone halin da porous tsarin, wanda ya bambanta da shi daga farar ƙasa, wanda yake shi ne m abu. A porosity daga cikin kayan jeri daga 2 zuwa 40%. Sel a travertine tsarin kafa ta tashi da kuma wucewa ta cikin calcareous yadudduka sulfide gas kumfa. Dubi madauwari ramuka sauran daga cikin kanti na sulfur dioxide za a iya yanka ta yin layi daya ta samar da wata precipitate.

Travertine - wani dutse tare da wani kananan taurin (saukin yanka ta amfani da wani madauwari saw). Its yawa ne wani talakawan na 1400-1800 kg cubic mita. mita.

Abin da launuka ne Travertine?

Domin travertine halin da haske launi a daban-daban tabarau. Jinsi na iya zama fari, yellowish, grayish, cream da sauransu. Saboda gaban a cikin abun da ke ciki na baƙin ƙarfe salts travertine shi zai iya canza ya dafa a sakamakon hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Alal misali, wani farin dutse iya saya yashi ko yellow tint. A kan kaddarorin da kayan da aka ba nuna.

Found dutse, da duhu tabarau (brownish, brownish m et al.). Travertine ciwon duhu launi, da mafi alhẽri fasaha halaye.

Akwai kuma duwatsu tare da m launi. An misali na irin wannan abu iya ajiye a Iran rawaya da kuma ja travertine. Mene ne wannan? Wannan tufa dauke da wasu pigments wanda ba shi da wani sosai mai haske launi.

Dalilai da shafi da kaddarorin travertine

Properties na da sakamakon abu dogara a kan al'amurra da dama - da abun ciki na narkar da carbon dioxide, da kwarara haukan kogi, zazzabi Manuniya, da sauransu.

M ingancin travertine kafa a tsaye ruwa. A yankunan halin da karfi igiyoyin (misali, waterfalls), kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi dai nodular travertine. Mene ne wannan? Anisochromic bayan manyan taru a kungiyoyin na pores tufa.

A mafi girma da adadin impurities na nazarin halittu asalin zai shiga a cikin samuwar dutse, da hakan zai zama wani nuna alama na ta porosity.

travertine yawa ya dogara da matsa lamba na overlying yadudduka a kan kasa, kazalika da tsanani da sabon shaida na alli carbonate a kan yadudduka da cewa an kafa a baya. Wani lokaci, ta bayyana cewa a saman Layer na laka iya wuce ta hanyar wani sabon precipitate, inda da cika pores da voids kafa a cikin dutse. A sakamakon wannan ne m da sosai sturdy abu.

Launi travertine sun fi mayar dogara ko alli carbonate hõre ƙarin waje tsoma a lokacin da shaida tsari. Idan ba, to, shi zai zama fari (ko kamar yadda kusa da fari), cewa da wuya ya faru. Travertines babban bangare saboda gaban barbashi da yashi, silt, inji sharan halin inuwõyinta suna kusa, sãɓãwar launukansa daga haske m zuwa goro. Lokacin da gurbatawa Layer na fari travertine barbashi kogin asalin, ya iya saya ma launin toka.

Wasu kayan hada da launin ruwan kasa inclusions ko yadudduka da ciwon lãka asalin. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da samuwar travertine faru a daban-daban lokaci, watau kafofin ba ko da yaushe guda a ƙasa, ya canja su ba shakka.

Ina adibas na travertine?

Mafi shahara travertine adibas suna located in Italy (Tivoli, dake kusa da Roma), Jamus (a kusa da Stuttgart), Turkey (gidan kayan gargajiya birni Pamukkale, a UNESCO Duniya Heritage Site).

The most adibas a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ne a Azerbaijan da Armenia. Saboda haka, Ararat yankin sanannen domin ta mahakar, wanda suna daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. travertine mai kama akwai wani babban mataki na crystallization, ya kuma inganta high karko.

A Rasha adibas na calcareous tuffs ne a Pyatigorsk yankin da kuma Kamchatka.

Har ila yau, akwai travertine adibas a kasar Tajikistan, Ukraine, da kuma Kyrgyzstan.

Ina yin amfani da travertine? key aikace-aikace

Tufa yana high ƙarfi, kuma shi ne sauki aiki, sa'an nan nasarar amfani da wani gini da kuma na ado dutse. Tun zamanin da, daga shi zuwa gina gidaje, gadoji, amphitheaters da kuma sauran gine-gine. A mafi shahara da kuma babban tsari ne da Coliseum, wanda aka gaba ɗaya gina haske rawaya Roman travertine (daga Sabini duwãtsu).

Har ila yau da dutse amfani da samar da kayan gini da kuma yarjejeniyar da ta ƙara acidity na kasar gona a aikin noma.

Amma mafi yadu a yau travertine aka yi amfani a matsayin ado da kayan a cikin kayan ado na gabatarwa, duka biyu ciki da waje.

Kamar yadda wani karewa abu travertine

Travertine, farashin wanda yake mun gwada low (daga 5000 goga. / M ^2), saboda da halaye damar da shi na iri daban-daban na ado kayan for ado, yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni. Primary daga cikinsu akwai tsabtace muhalli, ƙarfi, sanyi juriya da kuma danshi juriya.

Da aka fi amfani da shredded travertine bambance-bambancen a cikin nau'i na tiles, daban-daban spongy surface da kuma sanya, a manufa da mosaic. Saboda da ƙarfi abu za a iya amfani da ganuwar da murfin da baranda ko benaye. Floor waɗansu inuwõwi na tufa resistant zuwa abrasion. Kula da su ne kama da kula da marmara abu.

Har ila yau travertine amfani da samar da tebur fi, taga sills, matakala, mashaya counters da kuma da dama wasu abubuwa na ciki.

A porous tsarin da kayan damar da shi zuwa cika cell tare da wani na musamman da bayani, inda kiyaye janye travertine. Wasu irin wannan jinsin su ne irin wannan a cikin bayyanar wata bishiya, game da shi, hada da kyau tare da wasu sauran kayan da furniture.

Travertine ne yadu amfani ga ciki a tsoho style. A wannan yanayin, da farfajiya bi da su kara da porosity da kuma m baza Kwayoyin.

Kan daidai da halitta ma'adinai ne tartsatsi da ta kwaikwayo - wucin gadi travertine. Wannan abu ne irin wannan a cikin launi da kuma irin zane, duk da haka, shi ne daban-daban a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma wasu kaddarorin.

Saboda gaskiya cewa samar da siminti da ake amfani, travertine cladding na wucin gadi asalin ne yafi resistant zuwa lalata.