Tauraron mafi kusa a Duniya shine Proxima Centauri

Daga zamanin d ¯ a, mutane sun juya sama, inda ya ga dubban taurari. Sun faranta masa rai kuma sun sa shi tunani. Tare da ƙarni, ilimi game da su tara da kuma systematized. Kuma lokacin da ya bayyana cewa taurari ba lamari ne kawai ba, amma ainihin abubuwa na ruhaniya masu girman gaske, mutum yayi mafarki - ya tashi zuwa gare su. Amma da farko ya zama dole don sanin ko yaya suke.

Star mafi kusa ga Duniya

Tare da taimakon telescopes da lissafin ilmin lissafi, masana kimiyya sun iya lissafin nesa zuwa gare mu (banda abubuwa na tsarin hasken rana) makwabtan fili. Saboda haka, wane star ne mafi kusa da Duniya? Ya juya ya zama karami Proxima Centauri. Yana shiga cikin tsarin sau uku, wanda yake kusa da kimanin shekaru huɗu na haske daga hasken rana (ya kamata a lura cewa masu amfani da hotuna suna amfani da wani sashi na auna - parsec). An kira shi proxima, wanda ke nufin "mafi kusa" a cikin Latin. Ga sararin samaniya, wannan nisa ba ta da mahimmanci, amma a halin yanzu na samar da jirgi na sararin samaniya, don kaiwa, zai dauki fiye da mutum ɗaya daga cikin mutane.

Proxima Centauri

A cikin sama, wannan tauraruwar ba za a iya ganinsa kawai a cikin na'urar ba. Ya haskaka kasa da rana game da sau ɗari da hamsin. A cikin girman, shi ma mawuyaci ne ga karshen, kuma yawancin zazzabi yana da rabi. Masana ilmin yi imani da star ruwan kasa Dwarf, da kuma wanzuwar taurari a kusa da shi da wuya ta yiwu. Sabili da haka, bashi da hankali don tashi a can. Ko da yake sau uku tsarin na Alpha Centauri ne a kanta cancanci da hankali - a cikin sararin samaniya, irin wuraren ba da na kowa. Taurari a cikinsu suna juya daya kusa da juna a cikin muni kobits, kuma ya faru da cewa suna "cinye" makwabcin.

Far wuri

Ka faɗi wasu kalmomi game da mafi nesa daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano a wannan lokacin a duniya. Daga bayyane ba tare da amfani da na'urori na musamman ba - wannan shine Babubul na Andromeda. Haskenta ya dace da darajar kwata. Kuma tauraron mafi kusa ga Duniya na wannan galaxy na daga gare mu, bisa ga lissafin astronomers, a nesa da shekaru miliyan biyu. Ƙari mai ban tsoro! Bayan haka, muna ganin ta kamar yadda ya kasance shekaru miliyan biyu da suka wuce - wannan shine yadda ya juya ya dubi baya! Amma bari mu koma ga "makwabta". Mafi kusa galaxy a gare mu shine dwarf wanda za'a iya kiyayewa a cikin constellation na Sagittarius. Yana da haka nisa da mu cewa da Milky Way shi kusan garwaya! Gaskiya ne, har yanzu akwai tamanin miliyoyin shekaru haske. Waɗannan su ne nisa a fili! A Magellanic Cloud kuma bai dace da magana ba. Wannan tauraron dan Milky Way yana biye da mu ta kusan shekaru miliyan 170.

Ƙarshen taurari mafi kusa ga duniya

In mun gwada kusa da Sun ne da hamsin da daya star tsarin. Amma za mu lissafa kawai takwas. Don haka, sai ku fahimci:

1. An riga an ambaci Proxima Centauri. Nisan yana da shekaru hudu, ajiyar M5.5 (dwarf ko launin ruwan kasa).
2. Taurari na Alpha Centaurus A da kuma B. Ana cire su daga gare mu ta kimanin shekaru 4.3. Abubuwan ɗayan D2 da K1, bi da bi. Alpha Centauri kuma shine tauraron mafi kusa a Duniya, kamar yadda zazzabi ya yi a rana.
3. Barnard ta tauraruwa - an kira shi "Flying", saboda yana motsawa da manyan (idan aka kwatanta da sauran sarari). An located a nesa na tsawon shekaru 6 daga Sun. Abinda ke cikin aji M3,8. A cikin sama ana iya samuwa a cikin ƙungiyoyi Ophiuchus.
4. Wolf 359 - yana nesa da shekaru 7,7 daga gare mu. Abu na 16th a cikin constellation na Dragon. Class M5,8.
5. Laland 1185 - An cire daga tsarinmu ta tsawon shekaru 8.2. Located a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Ursa Major. Abinda ke cikin aji M2,1. Girman tauraron yana da shekaru 10.
6. Tau Ceti - yana nesa da tsawon shekaru 8.4 daga gare mu. Star na aji M5,6.
7. Tsarin Sirius A da B - an cire su ta shekaru takwas da rabi. Stars ajiyar A1 da DA.
8. Ross 154 a cikin ƙungiyar ta Sagittarius. Ana nesa a nesa na 9.4 haske daga Sun. Star of class M 3,6.

A nan, an ambaci abubuwa ne kawai na ruhaniya, wanda yake cikin radius na shekaru goma daga gare mu.

Sun

Duk da haka, idan muka dubi sararin sama, mun manta cewa mafi kusa tauraron duniya har yanzu shine Sun. Wannan shi ne cibiyar tsarinmu. Ba tare da shi ba, rayuwa a duniya ba zai yiwu ba, kuma an kafa duniyarmu tare da wannan tauraron. Saboda haka, ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. A ɗan game da shi. Kamar sauran taurari, rana ta ƙunshi hydrogen da helium. Kuma na farko yana juya zuwa karshe. Kafa a sakamakon na thermonuclear halayen da mutum abubuwa. Kuma mazan tsohuwar tauraron, yawancin ya samo asali.

Da shekaru, tauraron mafi kusa da duniya bai ƙarami ba, yana da kimanin shekaru biyar da haihuwa. Sun taro ne 2.10 ~ ³³ g, diamita - 1.392.000 kilomita. A yawan zafin jiki a kan surface kai 6000 K. A tsakiyar star shi yakan tashi. Halin Sun ya ƙunshi sassa uku: kambi, chromosphere da kuma kallon.

Ayyukan hasken rana yana shafar rayuwar duniya. An tabbatar da cewa sauyin yanayi, yanayi da kuma yanayin yanayin halittu sun dogara da shi. An san game da tsawon shekaru goma sha ɗaya na aikin hasken rana.