Tankuna yakin duniya na II, American. Yadda yana da tankuna da abin da suka yi kama da yanzu?

Duk da cewa ya fi shafa, da tura dakarun na Wehrmacht dauki kan Red Army da kuma Soviet mutane, da Amurka, sãshensu waliyyai har yanzu gudanar yin wasu yãƙi. Hakika, a gare su cewa yaki (domin bai yi magana da latest blockbusters) da aka ɓullo da yafi a cikin Pacific yankin.

A fannoni da dama, da Japan karya juriya da kuma tsanani tsabar kudi da Ka taimaka-Lease taimake su tankuna na yakin duniya na biyu. American motoci ba su da aka sani, amma wasu daga cikinsu suka bambanta da kyau yi.

haske tankuna

Ganin cewa almara m Christie a matsayin lokaci an American, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba yawa na haske tankuna a Amurka. Akwai sun kasance hudu, ba kirgawa mai kyau adadin iri-iri na gyare-gyare.

M3 "Stuart"

Wadannan American haske tankuna da aka halitta, a 1940, kuma an yi amfani da matsayin tushe "mahayan" M1 da M2A4 haske tanki. A layout wani classic: MTO aka located in raya na shasi, da ƙungiya daki da controls sun kasance a cikin tsakiyar na'ura, da manyan nadi housed a cikin hanci.

A shasi aka yi amfani da hankula American bayani a lokacin: hudu kananan twin rollers a kowane gefe, kazalika da tuƙi ƙafafun, karfafa da iko marẽmari. Ƙwanso da turret aka sanya na talakawa takardar da makamai da waldi da riveting. Makamai - biyar "Browning" na 7,62 mm da kuma 37 mm zamo igwa.

Ya karshe gyara M3A3, aka saki a 1942. Maimakon biyar inji bindigogi bar uku kawai. A yi na model amfani da yafi waldi, makamai da zanen gado da aka shirya tare da wani m gangara. An dauke da mafi yawan haske tank a duniya, domin a kawai kamar wata shekara da aka saki kusan 24 dubu motoci. A yawa na "Stuart" da aka tsĩrar da Tarayyar Soviet karkashin Ka taimaka-Lease. A wasu South American kasashe, "oldies" za a iya gani a cikin sabis dama up ga 90s na 20th karni.

M5 "Stewart"

Yana da wani karin ci gaban da ra'ayoyi aiwatuwa a mafi M3A3. A ka'ida, wannan American reshe na tankuna a general ne sosai irin wannan, kamar yadda injiniyoyi kokarin amfani kawai tabbatar da bayani (taro samar). A sabis da aka har yanzu guda 37 mm gun da uku "Browning" na 7,62 mm. A wannan lokaci da bindiga da aka sanye take da wani stabilizer line na gani.

Tank, ta sha bamban daga precursor na wani sabon ikon shuka, bayar da biyu V-siffa fetur injuna da ruwa sanyaya, a halin sabon zane a duk ƙwanso da turret, kazalika da sabon iko da na'urorin.

M22 "fāri"

A shekarar 1944, a cikin ra'ayi na gaggawa bukatar Airborne rarrabu a kansa makamai da aka ɓullo da kuma soma da M22 "fāri". A ka'ida, da Amurka haske tankuna sãɓã wa jũna kadan daga M3. A layout ya kasance cikakken m, watsa, tuƙi da drive rollers ne a gaban harka, da rabuwa da ƙungiya - a tsakiyar, da kuma injuna da aka located a raya.

Yana da aka gaba daya reconsidered kawai powerplant zane, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da wani shida-Silinda fetur engine, wanda ya karkatarwa kwance Silinda tsari. Yana da aka yarda su yi dukan tanki ne da yawa karami, Munã rage ta silhouette da kuma sauran girma. A gun zauna guda. The location da zane na rollers aka gada daga cikin M3. Kawai Luma sunã mãsu kasãla aka sanya mafi m, guda biyu tare da mafi girma quality-marẽmari.

M24 "Chaffee"

Wadannan American tankuna yakin duniya na II fara da za a bayar a shekarar 1944. A ra'ayi na sake tunani na da rawar da haske tankuna da aka yi amfani da farko a matsayin bincike da kuma saukowa. Suna da yawa daga sassa da kuma gyara daga M3 da M5 (na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kama da gearbox aka dauka gaba daya), amma a cikin tsari da kuma makamai da cika fuska daban-daban daga duk da magabata. Ƙwanso da turret aka sanya musamman welded hanya. makamai da zanen gado ana shirya a kusassari kamar yadda low kamar yadda zai yiwu.

A cikin manya gaban da kuma tsananin da aka sanya m hatches don yin rayuwa sauki gyara sassa. Wannan lokaci da aka yi amfani da biyar nau'i-nau'i daga rollers da mutum dakatar torsion irin. Babban kayan aiki da aka iko 75 mm gun. Tun lokacin da aka sa su guda biyu 7.62-mm na'ura gun Browning. Wani irin wannan na'ura gun aka saka a gaba, na daga cikin tanki. Rufin aka farko saka 12.7 mm antiaircraft na'ura gun Browning M2NV. Don da harbe-harben da gun ya daidai, amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa stabilizer tsarin type "DAIKIN".

Medium tankuna

Sun kasance mafi m, mafi sulke tankuna na yakin duniya na biyu. American motoci a wannan category sun sanya wani sunan saboda "Sherman", wanda aka fi ƙaunar da mu sojoji. Yadda za a sami Tsohon soji suka yi yãƙi, a cikin kungiyar tarayyar dabara, shi ne T-34 a alatu version. Duk da haka, na farko abubuwa farko.

M3 "Grant"

A farko matsakaici tank, da taro shiga cikin sabis. Sau da yawa M3 "Grant" ne rude da M3 "Stuart". Hakika, American tankuna (photo ne a cikin takarda) koma zuwa mabanbanta azuzuwan. Babban alama ne na uku-matakin (!) A wuri na makamai. A sponson a kan ƙananan bene, aka kafa 75 mm tare Gun kwana nuna vertically 32 digiri.

A hawa na biyu - da turret 37 mm gun da kuma hanya gun. The uku matakin da aka wakilta juna tare da na'ura gun turret daga wanda shi yiwuwa a yadda ya kamata kashe duka biyu kasa, kuma Airborne hari. Saboda haka, ci gaban da American tankuna (kuma Soviet a lokacin) bi hanyar kara yawan hasumiya, amma wannan Trend aka sauri same su zama erroneous.

Don kewaya da turret da 37 mm gun za a iya amfani ba kawai inji, amma kuma da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive. Tsaye gun lazimta kawai via da inji drive. Telescopic gani, kallo na'urorin da ake yi na prismatic juna. A lokacin yi na used simintin, waldi da riveting. Tower, sponson, kuma dukan gaban kashi da aka jefa.

A sakamakon haka, da American tankuna 2 duniya juya musamman unconvincing: rauni žwarai makamai, da yawa tsawo, da ba daidai ba wuri na makamai, da low halaye stellate jirgin sama injuna (wanda chronically bai isa ba).

Duk da babbar adadin makamai firepower a m sharuddan da shi ya ragu. By nauyi na mota shi ya kusan m zuwa Jamus "Tiger", amma fama tasiri shi ne matakin na wani haske tanki.

Duk da haka, da tank har yanzu massively samar daga 1939 zuwa 1942, har ya fara massively maye gurbinsu M4 - mai nasara tankuna na yakin duniya na biyu. American inji na wannan zamani sun fi kyau.

M4 "Sherman"

Mafi taro tsakãtsaki ce American tank, wanda aka dauke da makamai da biyu da Amirkawa da kuma Birtaniya da kuma Red Army. A karshen ya aka massively karkashin Ka taimaka-Lease. Very daban-daban layout da makami tsarin daga baya inji. A layout da kuma zane na ikon naúra da kuma dakatar da sun fi mayar zauna guda, kamar yadda a yaki da ake bukata don adana high samar da kudaden. Zai yiwu shi ne mafi kyau American tanki.

A shasi da aka gaba daya kofe daga M3. Duk da haka, sai dai da farko iri kuraye aka har yanzu dauke da modified dakatar: don haka yanzu goyon bayan rollers aka a haɗe a raya. Bawo da aka yi amfani da waldi da / ko simintin. A gaban wani ɓangare faruwa daga welded da kuma wanda ya canja sassa na waldi da igwa zamo 75 mm aka saka a hasumiya, yi kawai da simintin.

A farko, wadannan American tankuna (hoton sama) sa da injuna "Continental" tare da wani iska-sanyaya type, amma suna massively cinye jirgin sama masana'antu, amma saboda Amurkawa ko da yaushe yana zuwa nemi madadin iri injuna. A sakamakon haka, yawan serial gyara haifar da karuwar. M4 "Sherman" bukaci da ƙungiya daga mutane biyar. Daga cikin gida motocin dakon suka yi yãƙi, a kan wannan "kasashen waje mota", da tank ya sanã'anta kyau reviews.

Motocin dakon, musamman son ciki karewa inganci da samar da abinci (kazalika da wuski da kyau sigari), wanda aka cushe a cikin wani mota a matsayin kyauta. Mutane da yawa rayuwarsu sami ceto kamar yadda danko sosai makamai wanda (sabanin T-34) bai marmashe ko idan ta shigar azzakari cikin farji fiye da kare da ƙungiya daga raunuka kaisu tafi guda na ƙwan maƙera.

nauyi tankuna

Oddly isa, da yawa soja masana tarihi yi imani da cewa Amurka nauyi tankuna bai wanzu ba bisa manufa. A wannan "Pershing", wanda aka dauke da nauyi tank, da nauyi, yawa na baya zuwa Jamus "Tiger". Duk da haka, muna da kusan guda halin da ake ciki. Amsar mai sauki - na Wehrmacht sulke da motocin kasafta ta zamo, kuma mun da Amirkawa - a kan ta taro.

tank M6

Batun iyakance kananan jerin a cikin shekaru 1941 da 1942. A makamai nan da nan ya tsaya biyu bindigogi: 76,2 mm da kuma 37 mm cannons guda biyu tare. Bugu da kari, shi sanye take da uku nauyi inji bindigogi. A dakatar da aka yi amfani da matsayin hudu nau'i-nau'i daga biyu kananan rollers.

Akwai uku versions, daga farko na wanda aka za'ayi da Fitar da gidaje, alhãli kuwa da baya canjawa wuri na musamman kan high quality-waldi, a cikinsa ba duk da tankuna na yakin duniya na biyu. American motoci a cikin wannan girmamawa nisa m ga m makamai.

Amfani da matsayin hydromechanical ikon watsa da lantarki irin. Hasumiyar da aka yi na musamman ta hanyar zaben 'yan wasa. Don daidaita musamman m da m dual gun tsarin, da mayar da hasumiyar yi tsanani tsawaita. Kwamandan ta cupola aka bayar, da Dutsen don hawa wani antiaircraft na'ura gun.

Tatauna yi amfani da fairly high quality-rediyo da kuma wani na ciki wayar teleho na cikin gida tsarin, halitta a kan tushen da ta mallaka. Gaba ɗaya, da zane ya fili m: makamai ga irin wannan tank kasance mai rauni makamai da aka bakin ciki, da kuma tsawo - zakulu. Kuma kawai 40 raka'a sabon kayan aiki da aka saki domin kome da kome, da kuma matsayin "m" motocin ta amfani da M26.

Tank M26 "Pershing"

Wadannan American tankuna yakin duniya na II aka soma a shekarar 1944. Asalinsu mallakar aji na m tankuna (rasa a duk kirga na Jamus fasahar a cikin wannan aji), amma saboda wani rashin makamai masun karfi nan da sannu zã a "demoted" a tsakiyar. Muna da wani taro na 41,5 tons. Housing welded, taru daga shirye-sanya simintin gyaran kafa da kuma sassa. Kasa - ƙullunku-dimbin yawa. A gaban gidaje da kashi da aka yi da simintin, shi yana da m gangara saman. Hasumiyar yana da wani elongated siffar, bayar da wani kwamandan ta cupola da Dutsen anti-aircraft "Browning".

Amma ga shasi, da classic torsion mashaya dakatar da wani shida hanya rollers aka yi amfani. Wannan shasi ne sosai mutunta motocin dakon, kamar yadda tabbatar da zama musamman m. Engine - fetur guda takwas "Ford", yana nufin GAF-V irin. Sanyaya ruwa, baza - hydro. Yana damar da tank zuwa high hanzari kudi da kuma kyau kwarai smoothness.

Babban kayan aiki ne 90 mm M3 gun daga wanda armor- sokin projectiles tashi a gudun 810 m / s. Bugu da ƙari sanye take da biyu daga 7,62 mm inji bindigogi, daya daga wanda aka Student guda biyu tare da wani gun. Hasumiyar sanya 12.7 mm anti-aircraft gun. Ina da wani quadrant-goniometer cewa ba ka damar quite m harbi daga cikin rufaffiyar matsayi. M26 gudanar ya dauki kashi a wasan karshe mataki na yakin duniya na II. Kawai game da daya da rabi da dubu motoci da aka samar.

A halin yanzu Jihar harkokin

Modern American tankuna da kadan a na kowa da waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. Su ci gaba da wani babba tasiri Jamus kwararru. A halin yanzu "Abrams" yana da babban profile, da kuma wani m makamai zabronevogo manyan adadin sarari. Ba kamar tankuna na duniya na biyu, yana da kyawawan m siffar da kuma iko da makamai, wanda dogara ne a kan 120 mm rifled gun. Babban bambancin daga da magabata ne na gargajiya dakatar da gas-injin turbin engine.

Saboda haka, da zamani American tankuna kawai dan kadan kama su magabata.