Ta yaya wani capacitor a wani AC kewaye?

Idan da AC samar da wutar lantarki da aka haɗa ta resistor, yanzu kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki a kewaye a kowane batu a lokaci zane ne na gwargwado ga juna. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu lankwasa na yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki za su kai "ganiya" dabi'u lokaci guda. A wannan yanayin da muke cewa yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki ne a cikin lokaci.

Bari yanzu mu bincika yadda shi zai nuna hali a cikin capacitor AC kewaye.

Idan wani m ƙarfin lantarki tushen haɗa ta capacitor, matsakaicin darajar da irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin shi zai zama na gwargwado ga iyakar darajar yanzu sunã gudãna a cikin kewaye. Duk da haka, ganiya kalaman ba tare da kalaman irin ƙarfin lantarki ba zai ci gaba a lokaci guda kamar yadda matsakaicin halin yanzu.

A cikin wannan misali, da instantaneous darajar da yanzu ya kai ta matsakaicin darajar da kwata lokaci (90 el.grad.) Kafin shi zai sa danniya. A wannan yanayin da muke cewa "yanzu take kaiwa da irin ƙarfin lantarki ta 90◦».

Ba kamar da halin da ake ciki a wani rangadi postoyanngo halin yanzu darajar V / I ba m. Duk da haka, da rabo daga V max / I max darajar da amfani sosai a cikin Banana kira capacitive impedance (Xc) na bangaren. Tun da yake wannan darajar har yanzu ya nuna da rabo daga irin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa yanzu, watau, a wani jiki ji wani juriya aunawa naúrar ne ta ohms. The darajar Xc capacitor dogara a kan capacitance (C) da kuma AC mita (f).

Tun da dangane da capacitor AC ne amfani rms ƙarfin lantarki, kamar auku a cikin alternating halin yanzu kewaye, wanda aka iyakance zuwa capacitor. Wannan ya rage mata ne saboda da reactance na capacitor.

Saboda haka, da darajar halin yanzu a wani rangadi dauke da babu sauran gyara, fãce ga capacitor ne m da Ohm ta Dokar madadin version

Na _RMS = U _RMS / X _C

Ina U _RMS - tushen nufin square (rms) ƙarfin lantarki. Lura cewa X aka maye gurbinsu _da darajar R a cikin version of Ohm ta Law for DC.

Yanzu muna ganin cewa capacitor a AC kewaye behaves ba kamar yadda wani ajali resistor, da kuma halin da ake ciki shi ne saboda haka mafi rikitarwa. Domin mafi fahimtar matakai abin da ke faruwa a irin wannan rangadi, shi ne amfani gabatar da ra'ayi na vector.

Ainihin ra'ayin vector - wannan misali da cewa hadaddun darajar a lokaci-mai sãɓãnin alama za a iya wakilta a matsayin samfurin da wani hadadden lambar (wanda yake shi ne mai zaman kanta da lokaci) da kuma na wani hadadden sigina wanda ke aiki na lokaci.

Alal misali, za mu iya wakiltar da aiki A cos (2πνt + θ) kawai a matsayin wani hadadden m A ∙ e ^jΘ.

Tun da vectors wakilta yawa (ko module) da kuma kwana, to, suna da wakilci graphically da kibiya (vector ko) juyawa a XY jirgin sama.

Ganin cewa irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin capacitor "lagging" tare da girmamawa ga halin yanzu wakiltar su vertices ana shirya a wani hadadden jirgin sama kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi sama. A wannan adadi, da irin ƙarfin lantarki da kuma na yanzu vectors an juya su a gaban shugabanci kewaye iri na agogo.

A wannan misali, yanzu a kan capacitor saboda ta lokaci-lokaci overcharge. Kamar yadda capacitor AC kewaye yana da ikon don adana da kuma lokaci-lokaci sake saita wutar lantarki, tsakanin shi da ikon source ne akai musayar makamashi, wanda yake a cikin wutar lantarki kira amsawa.