Student na ciwon hanji na Duniya. Babban kwatance na yanki bincike

Geology - da kimiyya da karatu da abun da ke ciki, tsarin da alamu na ci gaba na duniya ta ciki. Wannan kimiyya hada da wani yawa hanyoyi. A fanning binciken kasa - wani mutum wanda ya ke karanta ciwon hanji na duniya.

Asalin kalmar "fannin binciken kasa"

Daga Girkanci kalmar "fannin binciken kasa" da aka fassara a matsayin "ƙasar" da kuma "koyarwar". Asali, kalmar "fannin binciken kasa" - kimiyya da kuma dokoki da tsarin ƙasar - aka yi tsayayya da kalmar "tauhidin" - da kimiyya na rai na ruhaniya.

Lokacin da ka ga wannan kalma, babu wani ainihin ranar. Wasu yi imani da cewa wannan lokaci ya bayyana a cikin 1603, da kuma amfani da Italian masanin kimiyya Ulisse Aldrovandi. Wasu yi imani da cewa kalmar buga a 1657 da Norwegian harkokin kimiyya, kuma dalibi na irin ƙaunar da ƙasa, Mikkel Pederson Eskholt, sa'an nan a cikin 1778 da aka yi amfani da Jean-Andre Deluc. A karshe da kalmar zo a cikin yin amfani a 1779 saboda Horace-Benedict de Saussure.

Tarihi mafi amfani da kalmar "geognosy", ya nuna da Jamusanci geologists H. Fyukselem da kuma AG Werner. A ƙarshen XIX karni, ajalin ya auku a cikin disuse.

binciken kasa Forums

Geology ne kimiyya na tarihi. Daya daga cikin babban ayyuka ne domin sanin da jerin ma'aunan kasa events. Sashen nazarin kasu kashi uku main yankunan:

1. Siffatawa binciken kasa - nazarin jeri, abun da ke ciki, da kuma siffar size na geologic jiki, kankara da kuma ma'adanai, kazalika da jerin da ya faru na sawmills.
2. Dynamic binciken kasa - ma'aunan kasa matakai da hannu a juyin halitta - halakar kankara, hijirarsa, jari na hazo, da motsi na da ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi, volcanoes, da raurawar asa.
3. Historical binciken kasa - karatu da jerin matakai a cikin ma'aunan kasa baya.

Kowace daga cikin yankunan da bãyukansu zuwa Usul da bincike hanyoyin. Da zuwan sabon ilmi a fannin binciken kasa sassan fadada, babban wuraren bincike a yau ne da wadannan sciences:

1. A kimiyya ta duniya ɓawon burodi.
2. A kimiyya na zamani ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai.
3. A kimiyya na tarihi jerin ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai.
4. Aiyuka tarbiyya.
5. Regional binciken kasa.

zama a fanning binciken kasa

Sau da yawa, wannan sana'a ake dangantawa da romance na tafiya, bonfires da bearded kida, amma shi ne kawai daya daga cikin fuskoki dabam- dabam. Student of irin ƙaunar da ƙasa, Mai ilmi bisa ga sashe a wanda shi aiki. Place na aikin dogara a kan sashe a fannin binciken kasa da kuma ayyuka. Wannan na iya zama balaguro - batun da nazari a cikin filin. Wannan na iya zama halittar ayyukan, ko gudanar da bincike ayyukan - bincike na bayanai samu a cikin majalisar ministocin. A man fetur a fanning binciken kasa aiki ne da alaka da search for man fetur ko gas adibas. Volcanologist - wani gwani wanda karatu volcanic aiki. Yana neman a fanning binciken kasa-binciken? Amma, yana da sha'awa a cikin ma'adanai da kuma ma'adanai. A yi na dole ilmi na injiniya a fannin binciken kasa.

Geology a Rasha

Tun zamanin da, a cikin Urals da Altai aiki "rudoznattsy" da "rudosyschiki". Suka tsunduma a cikin bincike da kuma samar da baƙin ƙarfe da tagulla ores, da duwatsu masu daraja da sauran ma'adanai.

Lomonosov wani dalibi na ciwon hanji na duniya, ya aza harsashin ginin don ci gaban Rasha binciken kasa, game da shi, ba kyale Yammacin masana kimiyya kurakurai.

A cikin XIX karni fara raya karafa kasuwanci, da kayan da ake bukata domin aiki. Don wannan karshen, a cikin Urals, Eastern Siberia da kuma Caucasus fara bincike. A cikin shakka daga ma'aunan kasa aiki a cikin Caucasus, Mun saukar adibas na mai, da baƙin ƙarfe, da jan karfe, gubar, da azurfa, da kuma ma'adinai marẽmari.

A ci gaba da man fetur masana'antu da gudummawar da cikakken bincike a cikin Donets Basin.

Rasha geologists, sabanin a Yammacin Turai, da kansa ya zo da ra'ayin da samuwar zinariya placers. Kuma wurin da ilimi saboda halakar da zinariya-qazanta jijiyoyinmu.

Bincike a cikin Turai bangare na kasar ya ba da yawa bayanai da kuma kayan for wani sabon fahimtar tsarin da Rasha Bayyana.

A kan tushen da topographic maps fara haifar da da farko ma'aunan kasa maps. A karshen na farko petrographic taswirar da aka halitta daga XVIII karni.

A 1882, da Sashen kwamitin da aka kafa. Yana fara wani cikakken nazari na Rasha Bayyana. A cikin shakka daga wannan aikin wani sabon shugabanci a fannin binciken kasa - palaeogeography - da kimiyya da karatu jiki da kuma yanayin damina da ma'aunan kasa baya.

The aiki ya yi nazarin hamada, Siberia da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya.

A fannin binciken kasa a Tarayyar Soviet

A wannan zamanin Soviet lokaci, da binciken kasa da Tarayyar Soviet sun kasance tasowa, da kuma ƙwarai wadãtar. Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin na ma'aunan kasa harbi kai fiye da 35% na kasar. By 1945, ta riga ta kãma 66% na jihar.

Expeditions aka shirya a kan Kola Larabawa, sashin Taimyr, iyakacin duniya Urals, a cikin Pechora tasa, Altai Mountains da kuma sauran yankunan.

Deposit aka gano potash Solikamsk da Bereznyakov - daya daga cikin mafi girma a adibas a duniya.

Fara da search for da kuma bincike na mai adibas a cikin ƙasa tsakanin Volga da Urals. Deep hakowa man ya marẽmari.

Tare da hako ma'adinai injiniyoyi bayyana geologists na daban-daban fannoni suka yi nazarin Duniya ta ɓawon burodi.

Ya kuma yana neman a fanning binciken kasa a yau? Kusan dukkan manyan filayen da aka gano da kuma bincika. The matakai faruwa a cikin hanjinsu na duniya, ci gaba da karatu da kuma wadãtar da ilmi na binciken kasa. A da yawa tambayoyi da amsoshi samu zuwa wasu amsoshi tukuna. Tana kan wani dogon lokaci da mutum ya ke da karatunsa da irin ƙaunar da ƙasa, fa, tã yi bayani, amma kawai samar da sabon amsoshin sabon tambayoyi.