St. Andrew ta Cathedral, St. Petersburg: description, tarihi, halaye da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin majami'u a kasar mu - da Cathedral of St. Andrew, kuma St. Andrew ta Cathedral. St. Petersburg aka yi wa ado da tsoho Haikali, wanda yake ba kawai babban gine-gine da darajar, amma kuma mafi girmama wuri mai tsarki na taro, tarihin abin da ke mayar da wa Bitrus I.

A ra'ayin na yi na babban coci

Har ya zuwa farkon 18th karni, St. Petersburg ya Gudanarwa cibiyar na Rabbit Island, amma a cikin 20s, Peter na dauke shi a kan Vasilevsky ya shirya kuma a nan da gina babban coci a cikin girmamawa Andreya Pervozvannogo. Peter na dauke shi a matsayin su zama majiɓinci, kuma gani a nan gaba a gaban haikalin daga cikin sha biyun kwalejojin. Ya kuma tambaye su haifar da wani babban-sikelin aikin, bisa ga abin da haikalin zai yi kama da shaci na Roman Basilica na St. Bitrus madadin kuma ya akalla 130 mita dogon. Yaren mutanen Sweden m Tessin mugun, ba tare da ziyartar Rasha, sanya wani zane na gaba coci, da kuma a kan-site izgili-up da aka halitta da zane. Duk da haka, da mutuwa da sarki a 1725 dakatar da aiwatar da aikin, ba kyale shi ya gani rayuwa a St. Andrew ta Cathedral.

St. Petersburg, wakilta da mazauna tambayi domin gina Haikalin, da kuma ikilisiya, ko da 'yan sau faruwa a da ake nufi. Amma na farko da dutse da aka aza kawai a 1732. Daga baya, ta yi girma a fita daga cikin saba Andrew Cathedral a St. Petersburg.

Tarihi na ginin

Bayan Bitrus mutuwa dama inda ya so, a yankunan na Grand Avenue da 6th Lines a 1728 da aka kasaftawa domin gina shafin.

Da katako coci, giggina mai yiwuwa tsara ta Trezzini, aka sadaukar domin Andreyu Pervozvannomu a 1732. Anna Ioannovna da coci bayar da kudi domin kyautata, kuma daga dilapidated coci a Posadskaya shiri koma zuwa wani sabon iconostasis. Haikali ya za a yi amfani da ciki har da bikin Knights na Order of St. Andrew.

Duk da overcrowding da talauci rajista haikali girmamawa sarauta iyali, halarci sabis a nan, kazalika da yawa shahararren Figures na lokaci, kamar Lomonosov da Trediakovskii dauki rantsuwar a cikin Haikali, a matsayin Farfesa a Academy of Sciences.

Kwanciya na farko da dutse coci

Ikklesiya da babban tasiri a cikin rayuwar addini na babban birnin kasar, amma ba su da dace siffar, size, ko dumama. A 1740 kusa da tsohon coci fara gina more dace dutse coci. A 1745, aka gina shi a daidai wannan lokacin samu da matsayi na wani babban coci. The aikin for wani sabon coci je sama tare da duk wannan babban Trezzini, da kuma iconostasis da sauran kayan ado aka canjawa wuri daga gidan coci, Prince Menshikov.

A 1761, a lokacin da wani hadiri, ƙone wani tsohon katako ginin. Ministocin kawai gudanar ya ajiye iconostasis, kuma bayan shekaru 3 a wurinsa ta domin na Elizabeth ya fara gina wani sabon babban coci. Shi ne yanzu a kan Vasilevsky Island, duk da haka, same ta karshe siffar har karshen 18th karni.

A sabon aikin da aka ɗauki cikinsa ta m A. Vista. Yi ya fara a 1746, da kuma kawai bayan shekaru 15 na St. Andrew ta Cathedral aka kammala a St. Petersburg. Construction ya dade da wuya, shi annoba da kasawa, a 1766 Dome rushe, bayan da m aka kama shi kuma bincika hali da ya faru na dogon lokaci. Amma Maris 21, 1780 wani sabon coci da aka tsarkake, kuma ya fara daukar parishioners.

St. Andrew Cathedral a St. Petersburg a cikin karni na 19th

A umurnin sarkin Paul na, babban coci ya zama addini cibiyar na Knights na da Order Andreya Pervozvannogo da aka yi wa ado da wani Bas-taimako da siffar da wannan tsari.

A nan gaba, babban coci ci gaba da su yi ado da cikakken shiri. A 1880, wani ɗakin sujada da aka gina, da kuma ga 4 shekaru kafin cewa - da kararrawa hasumiya. Ta kasance 10 karrarawa. The most, Lahadi, auna 285 fam kuma aka musamman jefa wa Samgin shuka a Moscow.

Bugu da kari, kafin karshen karni da haikalin da aka a haɗe chapels kuma wani Dome dalaye su da zinariya leaf a da 'yan kasuwa da gudummawa. Canje-canje da aka sanya da kuma ciki na babban coci - kara da sabunta stucco zanen. A haikali kafa dumama, kumbura kuma sāke gina bagade da iconostasis karu.

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19th hadaddun a Bugu da kari ga babban aiki dauke da tsari da kuma taimakawa talakawa.

Karni na 20th a cikin tarihi na St. Andrew ta Cathedral

Karni na 20th ga wata iri-iri na addini Monuments ne karni na yankunan. The juyin mulki na Bolsheviks da 1917 juyin juya halin sun jeopardized da aminci da yawa Rasha majami'u, da majami'u. St. Andrew ta Cathedral sa'a 'yan more, shi da aka ba hallaka, da kuma ma'aikatansa gudanar ya ajiye ɓangare na dukiya da kuma dabi'u na ja fashi.

Mutane da yawa m abubuwa, kamar kwanoni masu daraja karafa, tsoho Linjila, gumaka albashi na azurfa tufafin na 7 fam na daraja karafa, sanya a 1861 by sanannen mai yin kayan ado Verkhovtseva, kuma mafi aka kãma ta Bolsheviks.

Don aiwatar da aikin gina boulevards rushe ɗakin sujada, kuma shinge na hadaddun. A manyan kararrawa aka cire da kuma narke saukar da shekaru 10 bayan juyin juya hali, amma addini rayuwa a cikin Cathedral bai daina, shi ya ɗauki na kungiyar da ake kira cẽwa da renovators jagorancin Archpriest Platonov. A haikalin suke da sabis, da magoya bayan sojojin mayar ɓangare na iconostasis, amma a shekara ta 1938, da limaman Kirista da kuma mafi yawan aiki mambobin da aka kama da kuma kashe ko yanke masa hukuncin dogon sharuddan. Cathedral aka zarar watsi da daga baya amfani da wani sito, wanda iconostasis sewed da plywood, da kuma crosses cire. A gaskiya ma, cikin ginin daina za a san matsayin St. Andrew ta Cathedral.

St. Petersburg, sa'an nan Birnin Leningrad, ya sha wahala mai tsanani buga a lokacin Great Patriotic War kuma kawancen. Sun kuma taka rawa a cikin tarihi na cikin Haikali. Shigar a cikin iska tsaro gini da aka tsara don gani da iska buga da abokan gaba, daga abin da mugun lalace rufin kuma facade, kamar yadda bama-bamai da hawaye buga fitar da duk windows. Har ila yau da lalacewar sha wahala iconostasis da ciki. Amma haikalin har yanzu tsaya, da kuma kiyaye wasu daga ta musamman bayyanar.

Bayan da yaki, da Cathedral of St. Andrew a St. Petersburg, ya wuce daban-daban hukumomin gwamnati. Sun kasance a shekaru daban-daban mallakar Navy, da Academy of Sciences, kuma Cibiyar Ethnography. A lokaci guda da aka gyara da kuma mayar da, amma al'adu da tarihi darajar ba musamman kula, don haka kawai fenti fentin a kan wani musamman zanen a cikin Dome.

A marigayi 80-ies na Lardi Alexy, wanda daga baya ya zama sarki na All Rasha, ya ya fara aiki a kan dawo da babban coci da Church. Sa'an nan, ya aka hana saboda gaskiyar cewa gina tarin anthropological gidan kayan gargajiya da aka located, wanda ya ba wurin motsa. Duk da wannan, Alex ya ba da coci da zama dole coci kayayyakinsa, da kuma a 1989 na farko a cikin shekaru da dama da yawa a salla sabis da aka gudanar a nan.

Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo

St. Petersburg - arewacin babban birnin kasar na Rasha - shi ne girman kai na gine-gine da al'adunmu. Daya daga cikin na musamman dabi'u ne Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo. Za mu ci gaba da labarin da ta tarihi.

A shekarar 1990, wani ɓangare na babban coci, ciki har da bagaden, aka Duk da haka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Ikklesiya. Bayan shekaru biyar ya raba dakin da majalisar na curiosities. A lokaci guda akwai faru da sabis da kuma adana mutum saura canjawa wuri zuwa kimiyya. Lokacin da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka gaba daya kawo tushe, da coci maye gurbin da crosses a majalisa da kuma sanya manyan gyare-gyare zuwa rufin.

A 1998, da hadaddun rai kuwa shi wani gagarumin taron - da 300th tunawa da Order of St. Andrew, wannan mafi girman kyautar da aka sake kafa ta shugaban kasar da kuma daya daga cikin na farko Cavaliers zama Alexiy II, da dawowar alama farkon Cathedral of St. Andrew ta Church.

A 2000s, shi ya fara sabuntawa na ɗakin sujada da kuma coci shinge, da kuma sanya cikakken sabuntawa zuwa parishioners da nufin kasaftawa ta jiha. Daga baya ya koma zuwa ga babban coci da sauran kaya daga St. Andrew.

gine-gine da darajar

Cathedral of St. Andrew ne na musamman da gine-gine abin tunawa, tsara a gauraye style tare da siffofin na classicism da Baroque, wanda shi ne halayyar wani mawuyaci da plasticity na siffofin. Haikalin yana da biyar domes - daya babban da hudu kananan cupolas, wanda ake hada tare da wani ɗakin sujada daya-storey refectory.

Ginin kanta sosai m, taimaka da wani babban Dome da wani elongated ɗakin sujada. Gaba da look na turret a kusa da Dome, tsayi windows semicircular siffar da pilasters a kan facade. Wannan 45-mita haikali ya dade a high-tsawo rinjaye Vasilyevsky tsibirin, a yau da shi da ɗan muted Multi-storey gine-gine. Har ila yau, ladabi babban coci ba kodadde ruwan hoda facade.

tarin icons

Babban girman kai da wani musamman mu'ujiza na St. Andrew ta Cathedral ne ta uku-tiered 17-mita sassaka gilded iconostasis. Ya hanyar mu'ujiza tsira daga lokacin da gine, da ciwon juyin juya hali, yaki, yaƙi ya kewaye, da kuma halaka da yin amfani da coci ga sauran dalilai.

A iconostasis an aje gumakan da cewa an canja shi daga dukiya Menshikov a lokacin da gina haikalin. Alal misali, daga cikinsu akwai kare images of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa da Aleksandra Nevskogo. Amma mafi muhimmanci da icon - Andreya Pervozvannogo tare da sauran kaya daga cikin saint. Duk a duk, haikali 44 gumaka.

Ban sha'awa facts game St. Andrew ta Cathedral (Saint Petersburg)

Cathedral ƙaunar ziyarci gidan sararta, akwai ko da wani wuri na musamman domin sarki.

A cewar labari, a lokacin da sau lokacin da babban coci da aka ma wani katako coci, lokacin da shi ne a kananan hurumi da kaburbura na Prince Dolgoruky da Princess Dolgoruky, amarya na Bitrus II.

Domin ado da kuma kyautata na sabon ginin Haikali ya ɗauki kudi ba kawai daga cikin taskar da kuma gudunmawa tafi guda da kuma ci tarar hõre ta a cikin daban-daban umarni na Knights na Order domin ba da halartar bikin.

Daya daga cikin dabi'u na coci - 115-laba tufafi na azurfa, kazalika da tsoho Bishara a wani azurfa frame. Wadannan dabi'u da aka kwace ta Bolsheviks bayan juyin juya hali, amma da kyau arziki koma zuwa ga babban coci.

St. Petersburg ne da gaskiya da alfahari da shi a matsayin wata alama da bangaskiya da hazaka, da kuma hadayar da mutanen da suka gudanar don adana da haikali domin ƙarshe.