Shin shi da sauki amsa tambaya: abin da yake farkisanci?

Bayan duniya na biyu ya mutu saukar, wata kalma kamar "farkisanci" ya zama a fili korau darajar, kuma yanzu wannan lokaci mai yawa da zagi, don haka kiran da siyasa abokan adawar da kuma rataye a kan su tasirin. A daya hannun, irin wannan m definition da wannan mummunan abu haƙĩƙa damar Tarurrukan hakkin-reshe jam'iyyun, wanda, duk da haka, saboda haka kada ku kira kansu, ko da yake cikin rukunan ne sosai a kusa da farkisanci ko dauke da wasu abubuwa da wannan akida. Amma shi ne mai sauki domin ayyana a fili abin da yake farkisanci, kuma alama iyakoki na lokaci?

Classic farkisanci, wato, a cikin kunkuntar tarihi ma'anarta, a 1922, wãyi gari marinjãya a Italiya bayan sanannen "Maris a Roma" Blackshirts Benito Mussolini. Sunan "farkisanci" yana Italian Tushen, samu daga kalmar "Fascio» (fascio), watau, hukumomi, da kungiyoyin kwadago. A m siyasa kungiyar karkashin jagorancin Mussolini, aka kira da kungiyar gwagwarmaya (Fascio di combattimento). Fascio, bi da bi, an haɗa da Latin fascis (bunch, bunch) - abin da ake kira girmamawa makami lictors, da masu gadi na Roman Jamhuriyar. Af, da fascia ne har yanzu ba a symbolism na hukumar da ke mulki a wasu kasashe (misali, a cikin alama na Rasha Tarayya ma'aikacin kotu Service). Amma alamomin - wata alama ce, da kuma yanzu dauke su wata alama ce da motsi na Jamus Nazi Swastika. Amma abin da akida na farkisanci, da kuma abin da su ne babban fasali na wannan akida?

The motsi za a iya kira Blackshirts lalle amincewa, nationalistic, da kuma yin amfani da matsananci tashin hankali a matsayin wata al'ada nau'i na gwagwarmayar siyasa. Amma, misali, anti-Semitism da wariyar launin fata a Italiya farkisanci bai tsaya a kan gaba wajen su akida, kamar yadda shi ne tare da Jamus Nazis. Duk da haka, tun da Italian fascists da wata hujja ultra-dama shugabanci, hagu jam'iyyun la'akari da shi wajibi ne don soki wannan siyasa akida, wani lokacin overreaction da kuma kiran a matsayin abokan adawar, ko da fafatawa a gasa daga hagu sansanin, misali, wasu gurguzun kira Social Democrats "social fascists." Classical "bar" da definition abin da yake Fin Karfi, a kan VII Congress na Comintern ya Georgi Dimitrov: '...' yan ta'adda mulkin kama karya na reactionary cibiyoyin kudi babban birnin kasar ... A kasashen waje da manufofin, farkisanci - shi ne Manzonsa ba, a cikin mafi m iri da cewa cultivates da igiyar ciki kiyayya ga sauran al'ummai. "

Duk da haka, wannan definition ba a fili bambanta dabiu na akida da motsi, wanda ya hana mu daga fili fahince abin da farkisanci. Kimiyyar zamani ya yi kokarin cika wannan rata da kuma sanya a jerin fasali, gaban wanda a cikin shirin ko akidar jam'iyyar damar kira shi farkisanci. Wannan RABiD anti-kwaminisanci, m kishin kasa da kuma ko da ta'addanci, sojojin kasar, traditionalism, leaderism, statism, da daukaka na "titular al'umma" da kuma bude wariya 'yan tsirarun kabilu, da abubuwa na populism kuma nuna masa kariya ta jama'a (duk da haka, wannan zunubi da yawa jam'iyyun). Amma babban alama na wanda zo zuwa Nazi jam'iyyar a ikon yana da wani totalitarianism cewa ne duka iko na jihar, da ke shiga cikin duk duniyoyin na rayuwar dan Adam.

Duk da haka, ko da wannan definition of farkisanci sa ya yiwu a kira wannan kalma da yawa kasa jam'iyyun da gwamnatocin (misali, da gwamnatin Taliban a Afghanistan) da kuma ko nuna fagen fama a wani ajali kamar Yahudawa farkisanci, da ake ji da shi a bayyane nuna bambancin siyasa na jihar Isra'ila.

Fahimta (ayyana) abin da farkisanci ne, taimaka wajen karatu irin related taso game da wannan tare da Italian gargajiya irin motsi da wanda Mussilini hada kai ko wanda ya sa Blackshirts motsi a matsayin misali na nasu gwagwarmaya. A Jamus, shi ne National gurguzanci (da Nazism), Spain - falangizm da Francoism, Portugal - The sabuwar gwamnati a Hungary - "Arrow Cross", a {asar Romania - da "Iron Guard" a Brazil - integralism (ko da yake ta akida babu wariyar launin fata), Bulgarian, Austria, Belgium da kuma Japan versions na farkisanci.