Shekaru na Renaissance. Janar halaye na Renaissance

Epochal lokaci a cikin tarihi na duniya al'ada, wanda gabãta zamani sau da aka maye gurbinsu da tsakiyar zamanai, ya ba da sunan Renaissance, ko Tarurrukan. Era tarihi ya koma zuwa fitowar alfijir na 14th karni a Italiya. Da dama ƙarni za a iya halin a matsayin lokaci na samuwar wani sabon, mutum da Duniya ta ra'ayinmu game da duniya, wanda yana da inherently wadanda mutane. Progressive ra'ayoyin su aiwatuwa a humanism.

Shekaru na Renaissance da manufar

Saka wani takamaiman lokaci ne wuya isa ga wannan sabon abu a cikin tarihi na duniya da al'adunsu. Wannan bayani da cewa a lokacin da Renaissance, duk kasashen Turai sun shiga a daban-daban sau. Wasu baya, wasu daga baya, saboda da fada bayan a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. M kwanakin za a iya kira farkon na 14th kuma ƙarshen 16th karni. Shekaru na Renaissance ne halin da magana daga cikin wadanda mutane yanayi na al'ada da kuma ta humanization, da flowering ban sha'awa a cikin tsufa. Tare da karshen, ba zato ba tsammani, da ake dangantawa da sunan wannan lokaci. Akwai Tarurrukan na zamanin d al'adu, da aiwatar a cikin Turai duniya.

Janar halaye na Renaissance

Wannan milestone a cikin ci gaban dan Adam al'ada ne sakamakon canje-canje a Turai al'umma da kuma dangantaka a cikinsa. An muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da fall na Byzantine Empire, a lokacin da 'yan kasarta da suka tsere en sun mayar zuwa Turai, kawo tare da shi a library, kuma ayyukan fasaha, da dama tsoho kafofin, a baya ba a sani ba. Kara yawan birane ya kai ga karfafa rinjayar talakawa azuzuwan na sana'a, Kasuwanci, bankers. Rayayye ya fara bayyana daban-daban cibiyoyin al'adu da kimiyya, da ayyukan da coci da aka daina sarrafawa.

A farko shekaru na Renaissance sanya lissafa tare da m a Italiya, shi ne wannan yunkuri ya fara a cikin wannan kasar. Harufan ãyõyin shi ya zama a bayyane a cikin 13-14 ƙarni, amma karfi wuri shi ya dauki a cikin 15th karni (20th shekara), kai matsakaicin ci gaban ga ajalinsa. A cikin Renaissance (ko mayar) ne zuwa kashi hudu lokaci. Bari mu tattauna su a mafi daki-daki.

Protorenessans

Wannan lokaci Dates daga game da biyu da rabi na 13-14 ƙarni. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa dukkan kwanakin da suka shafi Italiya. A gaskiya, wannan lokaci wakiltar shiri mataki na Renaissance. Yana yanaye za a iya raba matakai biyu: kafin da kuma bayan mutuwarsa (1137) Giotto di Bondone (sassaka hoton), a key adadi a cikin tarihi na Yammacin art, m kuma artist.

A karshe shekaru na Renaissance na zamani alaka da annoba da annoba da ya buge Italiya da kuma dukan Turai a matsayin dukan. Protorenessans hankali hade da tsakiyar zamanai, Gothic, Romanesque, Byzantine hadisai. A tsakiyar adadi aka dauke su ta Giotto, wanda kayyade babban yayi na zanen, ya nuna hanyar da ta ci gaba da ya tafi kara.

A farkon Renaissance

By lokacin ya dauki shekara tamanin. A farkon lokaci na Renaissance, wanda aka halin da sosai 'yan shekaru a hanyoyi biyu, ya faru a 1420-1500 gg. Art bai barranta gaba daya daga na da hadisai, amma rayayye ƙara abubuwa aro daga gargajiya tsufa. Kamar a kan Yunƙurin shekara bayan shekara ƙarƙashin rinjayar canza yanayi na zamantakewa yanayi, akwai cikakken gazawar da artists daga haihuwa da kuma mika mulki ga tsoho art matsayin core ra'ayi.

A m na tsawon farkon Renaissance da aka dauke su fenta Masaccio, wanda ya kasance daga Florence. Daukana up cikin ra'ayoyin magabata, ya kawo wa aikin kusan palpable sculptural siffofi a kan zane.

Period High Renaissance

Shi ne da pinnacle, ganiya na Renaissance. A wannan mataki na Renaissance (1500-1527 shekaru) ya kai ta koli, da kuma cibiyar na da tasiri na Italian art ya koma daga Florence zuwa Roma. Yana faru dangane da Accession zuwa papal kursiyin Julius II, wanda yana da matukar m, m kamannuna, ya kasance mai yawan enterprising kuma m. Ya kusantar da madawwamin birni mafi kyau artists kuma sculptors daga ko'ina Italiya. Sai a wannan lokaci na ainihi ƙattin na Renaissance halitta su Masterpieces, wanda dukan duniya bata sha'awa yau.

Late Renaissance

Yana maida hankali ne akan lokaci lokaci daga 1530 zuwa 1590-1620 da shekaru. Development al'adu da fasaha, a wannan lokaci ne don haka da iri-irin da kuma bambancin da cewa ko da masana tarihi ba rage shi zuwa hada. A cewar Birtaniya masana kimiyya Renaissance karshe sõmammu a lokacin da akwai wani fall na Roma, wato a 1527. Kudancin Turai da aka shiga a cikin Counter-canji, wanda ya sa da "gicciyen" a kan wani freethinking, ciki har da tashin tsofaffin al'adun.

A rikicin na ideas da sabani a duniya view a sakamakon a Florence sa a Mannerism. Style wanda fahince artificiality da disharmony, asarar daidaituwa tsakanin shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki bangaren muhimmi Renaissance. Alal misali, a Venice tanã da ci gaban hanya a can har zuwa karshen 1570s hada da irin Masters a matsayin Titian da Palladio. Aikinsu su zauna daga cikin rikicin, halayyar da art na Roma, kuma Florence. A hoto zane Titian "Isabella na Portugal."

Babban Masters na Renaissance

Uku mai girma Italian - shi Titans na Renaissance, ta daraja wani kambi:

1. Leonardo Vinci. Hali a tarihin 'yan adam ne da gaske m kuma na musamman. Ya kasance ba kawai mai girma fenta kuma sculptor, amma kuma wani masanin kimiyyar, halittu, kirkiro, marubuci kuma m. Sahaban kamar yadda mafi shi da aka sani ga 'yan hotuna, ciki har da na almara Mona Lisa Mona Lisa (a cikin photo), da daure da cewa masana kimiyya ba doke arni na farko.
2. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Shekaru na rayuwa da kuma kerawa - 1475-1564. Da farko, ya aka sani a matsayin mai sculptor da kuma zane-zane. Kuma karo na farko da fuskoki da yawa fiye da pronounced da aka nuna har ma a cikin zane-zane. Ya main aikin da aka a Roma, kuma Florence. A baiwa na Michelangelo ta da cikakken bayyana lokacin da zanen da Sistine Chapel, wanda wani tunani na Littafi Mai Tsarki labarin, da kuma shi nuna 300 guda, kuma bãbu wanda yake kamar wani. Kuma fresco "The Last iyãma", gungu na square na Capitol, Dome na Vatican Council, da mutum-mutumi na David, da abun da ke ciki "Pieta" (hoton sama) da kuma fiye da.
3. Rafael Santi. Wani mamaki hali na Renaissance. Malaminsa ya kasance uba P.Perudzhino, a master. Wannan ya style ne a fili gani a ayyukan da farkon lokaci. A mafi cikakken aikinsa, aka dauke su da Sistine Madonna (hoto).

Duk da kayayyakin - wannan shi ne mafi kyau, da choicest lu'u-lu'u na duniya art, wanda ya tattara Renaissance. A shekaru wuce, maye gurbin da karni, amma ayyukan girma Masters - daga lokaci.