Sassauci - wannan ... The ra'ayi da kuma iri daban-daban elasticity. Elasticity na bukatar da kuma wadata

Elasticity ake kira da matakin na dauki na daya tattalin arziki m, yayin da wasu canje-canje. A wasu kalmomin, da elasticity - wani aboki na wadata da kuma bukatar da kaya daga cikin daban-daban farashin da kuma wadanda ba farashin dalilai.

karin bayanai

Dogara Manuniya kamar wadata da kuma bukatar, shi ne da yawa a cikin abubuwan. Tun da shi yana da nasaba, da kuma ajali elasticity.

A ka'idar, da tattalin arzikin gano Concepts na wadata da kuma bukatar elasticities.

Elasticity na bukatar da samfurin ne da yawan canji a farashin ko samun kudin shiga don canje-canje a bukatar. Yana da akwai wajen saka idanu da yadda masu amfani da amsa ga wata karuwa kuma yana raguwa a farashin.

A tattalin arziki ka'idar bambanta da dama iri farashin bukatar elasticity, dangane da wasan kwaikwayon dalilai:

• Na roba bukatar (mafi girma daga daya). Wannan ya haɗa da samfurori da cewa ya kasance a cikin category na alatu.
• Inelastic bukatar (kasa da kashi daya). Wannan category na asali bukatu.
• Bukaci naúra da elasticity (yanã daidai da daya). Wadannan sun hada da kayayyakin da mabukaci nã zãɓen akayi daban-daban.
• Gaba daya inelastic bukatar (sifili). Kaya kamar gurasa, gishiri, da magunguna.
• Daidai na roba bukatar (yanã daidai da rashin iyaka). Akwai ne kawai a karkashin yanayi na m kasuwanni.

Price elasticity na wadata ne kashi na farashin canje-canje da canji na samar da matakin. A wannan adadi ana rinjayi irin dalilai:

• A gaban / rashi na samar da ajiye (a cikin taron cewa akwai reserves, da wadata ne na roba).
• Ability don ajiye hannun jari na ƙãre kayayyakin (idan da haka, tsari ne m).

The main iri:

• Na roba wadata. Ko da tare da daya kashi karuwa a farashin muhimmanci ƙara bukatar da kayayyakin.
• Bayar da naúrar elasticity. akwai wani irin wannan karuwa a samar a kasuwa a daya kashi karuwa a farashin.
• Inelastic wadata. Babu wani abu da ya faru a lokacin da farashin karuwa shawara.
• Elasticity "a cikin minti". A lokaci lokaci ne don haka kananan cewa masana'antun da kuma masu sayarwa ba su da lokacin da za a amsa ga canje-canje a farashin.

High sassauci a cikin dogon lokaci. Shi yayi karin na roba, saboda da masana'antun da isasshen lokacin da za a haifar da sabon m ajiya ko bugun sama da samar da tsari.

Bayan nazarin da wadata da kuma bukatar, yana yiwuwa a gano babban trends a cikin canje-canje na Concepts alaka da farashin ko ba-farashin dalilai. Ta hanyar wannan da aka tsara da dokar samar da bukatar. Sau da yawa masu bincike shi ne kasa shaida cewa karuwa a farashin take kaiwa zuwa wani raguwa na bukatar kayayyakin. Suna bukatar m gwada yawa hakkin, saboda rage shi ne m, m, mai rauni ko karfi.

Market ƙwarai game da farashin, kudaden shiga ko wasu yi yanayi da aka nuna a cikin elasticity Manuniya, wanda aka halin musamman dalilai.

tarihi bayanai

A ra'ayi na elasticity ka'idar a cikin tattalin arzikin bayyana daga baya, amma da sauri ya zama daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin. A general lokaci a cikin tattalin arzikin zo daga kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Robert Boyle a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai ta hanyar nazarin kaddarorin da gas na farko amfani da kalmar "elasticity". Amma ba da tattalin arziki definition of Karin Marshall kawai a 1885. Birtaniya masanin kimiyya ba manufar da aka ƙirƙira. Amfani da nasarorin da Adam Smith da kuma David Ricardo, ya ba na farko bayyananne definition da coefficient na farashin elasticity na bukatar.

Don kwanan wata, babu wani daya sashe na tattalin arziki, wanda ba zai yi amfani da kalmar "elasticity". Ga kuma bukatar bincike tare da tsari da ka'idar kamfanonin da tattalin arziki hawan keke, kasa da kasa huldar cinikaiya, tattalin arziki da tsammanin da sauransu. Sassauci - wani lokaci, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga wanzuwar wani zamani tattalin arzikin.

elasticity rarrabuwa

Nau'in na tattalin arziki lokaci kira:

• farashin elasticity na bukatar.
• elasticity na wadata da kuma halin kaka.
• samun kudin shiga elasticity na bukatar.
• giciye-farashin elasticity na bukatar.
• nuna elasticity na bukatar.
• Arc elasticity na bukatar.
• elasticity na wani madaidaiciya line.
• Fasaha elasticity na canzawa.
• farashin elasticity da kuma albashi rabo.

Point elasticity - shi ne m a kan bukatar da kuma guzuri. Yana aka auna a daya batu, Saboda haka da sunan ambatacce. Point elasticity ne haƙiƙa awo na ji na ƙwarai bukatar da kuma wadata ga farashin da kuma samun kudin shiga canje-canje.

Arc elasticity - game da matakin na mayar da martani. Yana ba ya samar da cikakken bayanai (da bambanci da tabo). Arc elasticity na bukatar ne da talakawan da wadata da kuma bukatar to canje-canje a farashin ko albashi. Wajibi ne a sauri tantance halin da ake ciki a kasuwa.

coefficient na elasticity

A coefficient na samun kudin shiga elasticity ne ke da alhakin mataki na gwada yawa canje-canje a daya factor (juz'i na bukatar ko wadata), yayin da wasu canje-canje (price, samun kudin shiga ko kudi) da kashi daya.

Elasticity na wadata da kuma bukatar da aka lasafta a matsayin rabo na canji a matakin bukatar (wadata) canza wani determinants kashi. Determinant - wani factor cewa yana da wani tasiri a kan wadata da kuma bukatar. A coefficient na elasticity dogara a kan determinants Manuniya.

A iri-iri kayayyakin bambanta da juna a mataki na bukatar matakin canje-canje a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu dalilai. A responsiveness na bukatar wadannan kayayyakin tsammani canji da wani factor. Canje-canje a bukatar elasticity sakamako a kan halin da ake ciki a kasuwa a matsayin dukan.

Wannan kalma tana nufin aiwatar da karbuwa ga canza kasuwar tsarin babban dalilai. Wadannan sun hada da farashin da samfurin, abokin ciniki kudaden shiga da kuma kudin da dukiya analog.

kirgawa hanyoyin

A coefficient na elasticity na samun kudin shiga da aka lasafta a hanyoyi da dama. A lissafi, akwai biyu na asali hanyoyin:

• Arc elasticity ko sassauci daga cikin baka. Ana amfani da su domin auna da elasticity tsakanin maki a kan wadata da kuma bukatar da masu lankwasa. Ya unshi sanin asali da kuma na gaba matakin na farashin da kuma girma.
• Spot elasticity ko elasticity na wani batu. Ana amfani da a lokuta idan akwai data game da ayyuka na bukatar (wadata) kuma na farko farashin matakan, kazalika da size da bukatar (wadata). Wannan dabara ne amfani da kadan canji a farashin ko wani siga.

key Properties

Bisa ga tabbatar da dalilin, da ayyuka da kuma dabarbari, bi da irin wannan elasticity Properties:

• elasticity ne m darajar da ta dogara a kan raka'a cewa auna girma, farashin ko wasu sigogi.
• elasticity na cudanya da ayyuka ne na juna darajar.

Akwai uku main zažužžukan dangane da hawa da sauka a cikin kasuwar farashin na girma na bukatar:

1. Inelastic bukatar. Yana faruwa a lokacin da yawan sayi kaya ya karu kasa da kashi daya ga kowane kashi na farashin ƙi.
2. Tare da karuwa a cikin sayi samfur da fiye da kashi daya da kuma rage farashin da kashi na bukatar zama na roba.
3. A ra'ayi na guda elasticity faruwa a lokacin da da yawa na samar da ake ninka saboda da rage a farashin a cikin rabin.

Dalilai na bukatar elasticity

• A lokaci factor (na tsawo lokaci halayyar mafi roba bukatar).
• A gaban ko samuwan kaya-analogues (idan wadannan ba su zama, hadarin rage m bukatar).
• Sashe na daga cikin kudin ga kayayyakin da cewa kafa mabukaci kasafin kudin.
• kasuwar jikewa matakin na samar.
• Da yiwuwar amfani da samfurin.
• Muhimmancin wannan samfurin ga mabukaci.

Dalilai inelasticity na bukatar

Ka yi la'akari da lokacin da a da abokin ciniki yana da tasiri kai tsaye:

• ya yarda da dukiya da kyau halaye (bukatar shi ne farashin inelastic, idan samfurin ba ya aiki ko ne magudi abokin ciniki tsammanin).
• Masu amfani da sau da yawa umurni da wata samfurin da manufacturer (a wannan yanayin, yana son ya biya karin).
• saye na iya ba za a isasshe sanar da game da takamaiman samfurin.
• Farashin ba high idan aka kwatanta da kasafin kudin masu amfani.
• da mai saye yana da damar ajiye a wani irin kaya.

Income elasticity na bukatar

Bayyana a matsayin matakin gwada yawa canje-canje a samun kudin shiga ga kowane kashi. Revenue girma qara da yiwuwar yin sayayya, da bukatar kuma qara, da kuma elasticity na bukatar ne tabbatacce.

Idan coefficient na elasticity ne kananan (mafi girma daga sifili amma kasa da daya), to, shi ne Firayim larura kayayyakin. Idan ya fi daya, yana da wani alatu.

Amma ga dukiya matalauta quality, akwai samun kudin shiga elasticity na bukatar ne korau (kasa da sifili). Sassauci - wani adadi da aka kullum canja dangane da halin da ake ciki kasuwar.

Cross-elasticity na bukatar

Wannan rabo ya nuna da yawan canzawar a bukatar daya samfurin, yayin da farashin sauran canje-canje da kashi daya. Shi ne tabbatacce, korau da sifili.

Idan rabo ne mafi girma daga sifili, sa'an nan da kayayyakin ne m, idan kasa, da kayayyakin gaba da juna. A cikin hali na giciye-elasticity na bukatar shi ne sifili, sa'an nan da dukiya ba su dogara a kan juna da kuma suna da wani sakamako a kan bukatar.

Babban factor da gicciye-elasticity na daban-daban kayayyakin - mabukaci Properties na dukiya, su maye ko Bugu da kari.

Daya daga cikin na kowa mamaki a kasuwa - ne elasticity daga cikin samfurin. Cross ne asymmetrical: daya dogara a kan wasu kayayyakin.

Masu bincike sun ware wahala a kayyade da iyakoki da sassa via giciye-elasticity coefficient. Wadannan sun hada da wadannan dalilai:

1. Hard m canja babban matakin giciye-elasticity a raba rassan. Alal misali, giciye-elasticity na daskararre kayan lambu mai kamfanin ne sosai high, amma samar da kullu da kuma daskararre kayan lambu tare - quite low. Haka kuma, za ta zauna ita m ko ba don magana game da biyu rassan ko kowane akayi daban-daban bukatar.
2. Circuit ga giciye-elasticity (misali, high giciye-elasticity zai auku tsakanin launi da kuma baki da fari TV).

elasticity na wadata

Coefficient na farashin elasticity na wadata ne matakin na gwada yawa canje-canje, yayin da farashin canje-canje da kashi daya.

Degree na canji a samar dangane da canja farashin elasticity na wadata ne price. A gwargwado ga wannan canji - da coefficient na elasticity tayi, wanda aka lasafta a matsayin rabo na girma ga farashin karuwa.

Abubuwan da sanin da elasticity na samar da halin kaka:

• timeframe (instantaneous - inelastic, short - saba da jũyãwar price, na tsawon lokaci - na roba).
• da yiwuwar dogon lokacin da ajiya na gama kaya da kuma sayi kayan domin su samar.
• da bayani dalla-dalla na samar da ayyukan (da adadin aikin kashe a kan samar da kayayyakin).
• matsakaicin fitarwa da cikakken load iya aiki.

Price elasticity na wadata da aka canza saboda tasirin da fasaha ci gaba, inganci da yawa daga albarkatun kasa da kuma sauran albarkatun ciyar.

Don rage samar elasticities sakamakon karawa da iyakance albarkatun kasa, wanda aka yi amfani a samar.

ƙarshe

Sassauci - wannan matakin na amsa na tattalin arziki Manuniya a juna.

wadata da kuma bukatar da ayyuka dogara ne a kan wani babban yawan farashin da kuma wadanda ba farashin dalilai (determinants).

A elasticity na bukatar aiki da kuma wadata ne halin da muhimmancin bukatar da kuma wadata ga canje-canje na wani factor a matsayin mai yawan. Domin tabbatar da elasticity a daya ko wani batu, kana bukatar ka sami m wanda aka samu da wani aiki na samar da bukatar a wani takamaiman determinant.