Pyramids na Chichen Itzá a Mexico

Daya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren, wanda shi ne daraja ziyara ga duk yawon bude ido tafiya zuwa Mexico, shi ne tsohon birnin na Chichen Itzá. A fassarar da sunan da nufin "bakin rijiyar ruwa da mayu" ko "Place a kusa da kyau Itzá kabilar." Wannan wuri ne m, sosai m da kuma kadan daurin boye.

Chichets Itzá - Duniya Heritage Site

A baya, birnin da aka siyasa da kuma cibiyar al'adu na Mayan-Toltec wayewa. Kuma yanzu, zama daya daga cikin duniya al'adunmu shafukan da UNESCO, ta janyo hankalin masu yawa yawon bude ido. An kiyasta cewa archaeological hadaddun aka ziyarci da fiye da mutane miliyan a kowace shekara. A babbar shahararsa ta Chichen Itzá ya samu ba kawai saboda gaskiyar cewa kiyaye da isa. Ya zama tsantsa na addini da kuma ra'ayoyi game da tsarin da sararin samaniya da kuma duniya na Maya mutane. Special ambaliya na yawon bude ido ya faru a cikin watan Disamba 2012. Gaskata shi cikin wani tsoho annabci, da yawa na mabiyan sanannen kalandar garzaya zuwa Chichen Itzá, so zuwa "sadu da" karshen duniya daga zamanin d Mayan Tsarin.

Chichen Itzá: tarihin abin da ya faru

Dogara bayyana tarihin halitta na birnin ne quite wuya, kamar yadda na rubuce-rubucen da ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na zamanin d Chichen Itzá, an kusan tafi - an halaka su da Spanish nasara. Masana kimiyya, archaeologists yi imani da cewa mutane farko ya fara da shirya a wannan wuri tare da IV da farko birane yi karfe gina game VI -. VII ƙarni. A lokaci guda, da kuma akwai birane al'umma. Kafin X karni. Chichen Itzá wani Haven Maya. By ƙarshen X karni. birnin da aka ci nasarar da invaders daga Central Mexico - Toltecs aikata sadaka da hidima da sadaukarwa na fukin tsuntsu Maciji. Su ba su hallaka ba da Chichen Itzá, da kuma mataimakin versa - matabbata a cikin shi. A zamanin da Toltec birni ya zama daya daga cikin mafi iko ƙauyuka a cikin Yucatan Larabawa. C zuwa XI. Toltecs sanya shi cikin babban birnin kasar na daular. A tsawon lokaci, ya hankali canza kuma an ƙara zama Toltec halaye. A symbiosis na biyu rarrabe al'adu sanya tsohon birnin gaske musamman. Domin ba a sani ba dalilai, ƙarshen XII karni. ya aka yi watsi da mazaunanta da overgrown Jungle. Kawai a 1920, archaeologists gano m duniyar shafa.

Babban jan hankali na zamanin d Mayan birni

Mafi shahara gina tsohon birnin ne Dala na Kukulkan (ko in ba haka ba - El Castillo dala). A shekarar 2007, ta shiga cikin jerin bakwai sabon abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya. El Castillo Chichen Itzá aka gina a cikin XI karni. da kokari na Mayan da Toltec Indiyawan. Suka gina a grandiose tunawa sadaukar da Allah na ruwan sama da iska, Quetzalcoatl, wanda ya bayyanar da feathered maciji da wani mutum kai. Mayans kira da Allah Kukulcan, ko "feathered maciji". Wannan tsarin da aka halitta bisa ga cosmological ilmi da kalanda na Maya da kuma Toltec. A tsawo ya kai gare shi 24 m, kuma ta ake jũya fuskõkinsu a kusurwa huɗu na duniya. A saman na dala site aka located a zamanin da shi da aka yi amfani da ga yin hadayu. Akwai hudu m, kuma m matakala zuwa dandamali, kowanne daga abin da ya kunshi 91 matakai, domin a total (tare da babba dandali) na samar da wani alama yawan 365, daidai da adadin kwanaki a hasken rana shekara. A kowane gefe na dala yana da 18 sassan - baranda. Wannan lambar ita ma m. Yana daidai da yawan watanni a cikin Mayan kalandar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kowane daga kusurwoyi huɗu na pyramids 52 shirya a dutse taimako. Suna wakiltar wani musamman concurrence kalandar Toltec hawan keke - ranar da rana shiupoualli tonalpohualli - faru sau daya a cikin shekaru 52. Sha'awa, da cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki ne wani tara-storeyed dala, ƙofar wanda aka samu kwanan nan. Akwai relic - wani "mat Jaguar" da kuma mutum-mutumi na "chacmool".

Haikalin Warriors Chichen Itzá

Na biyu musamman janye daga birnin Chichen Itzá a Mexico ne sanannen Haikalin Warriors. An located kai tsaye bayan da dala na El Castillo kuma shi ne mai alfarma da biyar mataki-dala, ya kai wani tsawo na 11.5 m. Yana dukkan bangarorin straddles ginshikan, sanya a cikin nau'i na Toltec warriors. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa dala samu da sunan. A da saman ne a haikali, kunsha na wani zauren da Wuri Mai Tsarki. By Haikali ne tsawwala bene, kewaye da balustrades. Ƙofar alfarwa ta sujada da alãmarsu sassaka dutse maciji. A haikali ne wani dutse bagaden, kama wani low tebur wanda kafafu suna sanya a cikin nau'i na mutum Figures. Ga wani mummuna dutse gunki Toltec abin bautãwa chacmool - gincire aljan rike da wani kuma a latsa ciki babban komai tasa. An yi imani da cewa wannan tasa firistoci ƙone cikin zukatan shafa.

Wani janye daga m tsoho Mayan birni - "alfarma Cenote"

Ba wai kawai da pyramids na Chichen Itzá a Mexico cancanci hankalin da yawa yawon bude ido. Don arewa da abin tunawa da El Castillo ne wani m janye, da ake kira "alfarma Cenote" (aka - "To Mutuwa"). Wannan karst tsarin, sabanin sauran rijiyoyin ba su bauta Toltecs tushen sabo ruwa. A cikin firistoci, suka yar da ya shafa, suna yabon gumakansu. "To Mutuwa" yana da zurfin mitoci 50, kuma aka dauke da irin portal ga underworld. A lokacin daga 1910 - 1925 shekaru. Ya aka yi nazari da Herbert Thompson, wanda ya fitar da wani babban yawan antiquities: zinariya kayan ado, tukwane, roba, obsidian, kuma ba shakka, kuri'a na mutum saura.

dala Osuari

A Chichen Itzá, kuma akwai wani karst samuwar - Shtolok cenote, wanda aka located zuwa kudu na Haikalin Kukulkan. Ya, da bambanci ga "To Mutuwa", da Toltecs aka yi amfani na musamman a matsayin tushen shan ruwa. A kadan daga baya, wani masanin kimiyya G. Thompson gudanar da bincike da kuma wani ban sha'awa dala na Chichen Itzá - Osuari (aka - The Crypt). Ta, kazalika da haikali na Kukulkan, aka gina tare da matakala a kan kowane daga kusurwoyi huɗu. Abin sha'awa, a cikin cibiyar na dala akwai mai zurfi a tsaye rami, abu don wata halitta kogon. Yana Thompson samu wasu ban sha'awa kayayyakin gargajiya da aka yi da Jade, kazalika da mutum ya rage.

golf ball

Wani sinister janye daga birnin Chichen Itzá ne tzompantli. Yana da wani dandali T-dimbin yawa, da ganuwar suna yi wa ado da reliefs tsarin kwanyarsu. Tzompantli aka yi amfani da ya nuna, da shugabannin ya shafa, kazalika da fursunonin yaki. Don yamma da Haikalin Skulls ne daya daga cikin tara da yankunan for ball wasanni, ya burge tare da babban size. Its tsawon shi ne 168 mita da kuma fadin ne game da 70 m. An yi imani da cewa shi aka gina a 864 AD A gabas haikali kushin ne Jaguar hada da biyu huruminsa. A babba Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka located a kan bango bounding shafin. Kila, a nan manya lura da ballgame. Lower Wuri Mai Tsarki da aka located a waje da shafin. Around bakin tsaye da wani abin tunawa - adadi na wani damisa. A arewacin Playing filin akwai wani gini - Haikalin Bearded Man. Its shigar budewa raba da ginshiƙai biyu, bene. Ciki da haikalin da aka yi wa ado da taimako, a tsakiya a kan adadi na wani mutum da wani gemu.

Caracol Observatory

Don kudu da site ga wani ballgame shirya da abubuwan jan hankali, ciki har da Red House - wani gini wanda facade aka fentin a ja launi - da kuma Caracol (a translation - "katantanwa harsashi") - hasumiya gina a kan dandamali. An yi imani da cewa shi aka yi amfani da Mayan Indiyawan domin kiyaye astronomical abubuwa, vyschityvaniya kwanaki na equinox da kuma lokacin rani solstice. Saboda haka Caracol kuma ake kira Observatory. Don kudu da hasumiya ne wani iko shiri na Toltec, wanda Spaniards kira "Convent" domin ta majestic da impregnable view. A tsawo ya kai gare shi 20 m, kuma karkashi ne daidai da 70 m da 35 m. Wide bene take kaiwa zuwa ƙofar gidan sufi. Ginin da aka yi wa ado da masks na Allah Chuck kuma daban-daban taimako alamu.

Yadda za a samu zuwa tsohon birnin Chichen Itzá?

Located abu na duniya Al'adu Heritage ne 1.5 km daga kananan Mexican shiri Piste dake tsakanin biyu manyan birane na arewacin Yucatan - Cancun da Merida. Kai ne free don samun zuwa birnin Chichen Itzá, hayan mota ko dauki bas (tikitin a kan shi ne daga 80 zuwa 140 pesos, dangane da aji). A taxi zai kudin ka fiye da tsada fiye da jama'a kai, kamar yadda daga Cancun ko Merida, da nesa ba kusa, game da 200 km da 120 km bi da bi. Bude archaeological yanki da jama'a yau da kullum, daga 8:00 har 17:00. Idan kana so ka ajiye - poisons bincika Mayan jan hankali da kuma Toltec Lahadi, ƙofar zai zama free.