Prague - babban birnin na Jamhuriyar Czech. Tarihi, Prague jan hankali

Ancient da kuma m, musamman da kuma m, Golden Prague - babban birnin na Jamhuriyar Czech. Ga dubban shekaru da shi ya girma da kuma ci gaba, a yankunan cinikayya hanyoyi. Its bayyanar iya ganin dukan tarihin Turai gine: Gothic gidãje kuma arches, Baroque majami'u da kuma Renaissance gine-gine, wani gini a Rococo kuma Art Nouveau. Prague ta tarihi cibiyar tare da sararin murabba'ai kuma Tuddan da kunkuntar tituna, cobblestone, UNESCO ta yanke shawarar hada a yawan Duniya Al'adu Heritage.

A 'yan kalmomi game da kasar

A cikin zuciya na Turai, tsakanin tsaunuka, nestled Bohemian gandun daji da kuma Sudeten dutsen range, shi ne Jamhuriyar Czech. Wannan kasa yana da wani kanti a cikin tẽku da aka kẽwayesu da Austria da Jamus da Poland da kuma Slovakia. A Jamhuriyar Czech, watakila fiye da ko ina kuma, wanda zai iya ji ruhun tsakiyar zamanai, a hankali kiyaye su a da dama daga garuruwa da biranen, da gidan sarki, da castle gidaje. Kyawawan wurare masu kyau firam ga gine-gine da Monuments.

Littafi Jamhuriyar Czech

A sakamakon haka, abin da ake kira kyalle da kisan aure (rushewar a Janairu 1993 Czechoslovakia - da Czech da kuma Basulake tarayyar) a duniya siyasa scene, akwai biyu sarki jihohin - da Basulake Jamhuriyar, babban gari wanda ya zama Bratislava, da Jamhuriyar Czech, wanda ya zauna a cikin birnin na Prague.
A cikin 'yan Turai tarihi, shi ne watakila kadai hali a cikin abin da rabo daga cikin kasar ba a tare da soja ko wasu tilasta doka da ayyukan. Littafi Jamhuriyar Czech - a majalisar jumhuriya karkashin jagorancin wani shugaba, zabe da kuri'u. Yau, da Jamhuriyar Czech karkashin jagorancin da aka zaba a watan Maris na 2013 shugaban kasar Milos Zeman ɓangare na Tarayyar Turai da kuma kungiyar tsaro ta NATO.

Babban gari

Prague - babban birnin kasar, tarihi, al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki "zuciya" na zamani Jamhuriyar Czech, located in arewa maso yammacin kasar, a cikin tsakiyar Czech tasa. Yana gina wani birni na kan tuddai tare da kogin Vltava da shi ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa: gabashin da kuma yammacin. Located a dama banki na Visegrad, da kuma a kan hagu ne Prague Castle. Saboda m canja wurin da wurin zama na Czech shugabanni daga daya yarjejeniya zuwa wani suka tashi karfi da kuma kusan garwaya a cikin daya.

Amma a hukumance da Big Prague aka kafa kawai a farkon kwata karni na karshe, bayan da birnin iyaka da dama dozin kusan garwaya a cikin daya yarjejeniya da aka hada. Kuma a gabãninsa akwai wani karamin gari, shi ne kawai 20 km ^2. Modern Prague a kan taswira maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na kusan 500 ^km2.

Prague Legends

A cikin tarihi cibiyar na Prague kowane gidan, lambu da kuma cobblestone ta gada iya gaya mai yawa Legends da labaru. Fanned da Legends da kafuwar wannan birni. Bayan da Czech kabilu karkashin jagorancin kakan Cech zo, ya fara gano ƙasar dake tsakanin koguna Elbe da Vltava, mai mulkin ya Prince Krok, ta ya tãyar da mata uku, ƙarami wanda, Libuse, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa zo da wuta. Shi ne ta ke, bisa labari, kafa a kan m bankuna na Vltava Vyšehrad sansanin soja, wanda daga baya ya zama ta zama. Princess Libuse da aka ba kawai mai kaifin da kyau, amma kuma yana da baiwar tanadi. Wata rana, a tsaye a kan wata m banki na Vltava, ta ya iya "gani" cewa birnin za a dage farawa a cikin wani gajeren lokaci, wanda daraja ya kai a cikin sama. Ta ko da gudanar ya kira wurin da wannan castle za a gina: dokin da gidan, wanda dole ne wani mutum tinkering. Nan da nan sarkin barorin da suka garzaya da bincika da kuma sauri samu a master a cikin lokaci da cewa Prague a Czech nufin "ƙofa", wani sauki plowman kira Přemysl. Libuse dauki shi ga miji, da kuma wurin da aka yin a bakin kofa da aka kafa sansanin soja Castle, daga wanda ya yi girma Prague - wani birnin da ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin zama da yawa na Premyslid sarakuna.

A cewar masana tarihi

Masana kimiyya yi imani Libuse da plowman Premysl ba fiye da wani yanci hali. A gaskiya ma, Prague da aka kafa babu a baya fiye da 880 bayan shekara Bořivoj, da farko sarkin Přemyslid daular, koma gidansa daga Hradec nad Vltavou. Domin bayani game da Libuse samu a sanannun aiki na Cosmas na Prague "Czech Chronicle," kuma ya Dates su 623 - 630 shekaru. A wancan lokaci, a cikin farkon karni na bakwai, a cewar masana, da Czechs ba su kasance statehood da kuma samuwar birnin ne mai wuya.

Menene sunan birnin?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mafi m ka'idar cewa Prague - wani gari, sunansa zo daga Czech kalma Prah - «bakin kofa». Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa Praha aka samu daga Tsohon Slavic sunan da stony Rapids Vltava mashigan. Akwai version cewa, sunan birnin iya dangantaka da kalmar pražení - roasting, zazharki, tun a cikin wannan yankin horar da yawa na hatsi, da hatsin da samar an ci gaba.

Dukan waɗannan versions suna tushen kawai a kan bincike na ilimin harsuna Tsarin. Modern masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni mafi plausible jarrabawa game da m Rapids, wanda mutane da yawa a kan Vltava.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

A farko katako Prague Castle aka kafa a rabi na biyu na karni IX prince Borzhevym. A farkon karni X a hayin Vltava tashi Visegrad. A kan lokaci a kusa da duka biyu gidãje fara bayyana m da craft ƙauyuka. Saboda haka, a kan hagu banki kafa wani wuri Old Town da kuma a dama, karkashin Prague Castle, Karami ya tashi. By ƙarshen XIII karni, a zamanin mulkin dansa Premysl Otakar II na, Duke na Krakow da Sarki Wenceslas II na Bohemia, Prague - babban birnin kasar, mafi girma mafi tattalin arziki raya birni, suka gudanar don ya tashi sama da sauran.
A heyday birnin dade kusan dukan XIII karni da kuma ya zo daidai da zamanin Yana Lyuksemburgskogo da ɗansa Charles IV. A karshen ya iya tada Prague ta Halin da na Roman Empire, babban birnin kasar, da kuma a kan size, shi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa Konstantinoful da kuma Paris. Charles IV a lokacin mulkinsa kokarin aikata duk abin da ya tabbatar da cewa Prague - babban birnin kasar ba kawai tattalin arziki, amma kuma al'adu. An sa'an nan kuma gina da Charles Bridge, kuma na farko a jami'a, shi ya fara gina Cathedral of St. Vitus. Sa'an nan arhiepiskopalnaya sashen da aka halitta, kuma akwai yankin na Novo Mesto.

matakai na raya kasa

A sakamakon da Hussite Wars Prague samu tsawon na kufai da lalata. Amma da ƙarshen XV karni akwai karɓa mai karfafawa a garin fara gina sabon da maimaitawa na halakar da gine-gine. Sai a wannan lokaci a karkashin shugabanci na m Benedikta Rayta zo a Hradcany maimaitawa na Old Royal Palace.

Na biyu "zinariya shekaru" for Prague zo a zamanin da Habsburg daular, wanda ya fara a 1526. Austria shugabanni sun kashe mai yawa manpower da kuma albarkatun a cikin ci gaban Prague. A 1612, bayan mutuwar Sarkin sarakuna Rudolf II na, birnin hasarar da matsayi a matsayin sarauta kotu a ƙarfinsa ya koma Vienna.

A na gaba lokacin da aka heyday na Prague XVIII karni, wanda ya zo daidai da na kasa Tarurrukan. A karshen wannan karni, a zamanin mulkin Joseph II na, akwai wata kungiya a cikin guda administrative ƙasa na hudu main birane: Hradcany, Old Town, Karami Town da kuma New Town.

A karshen XIX - farkon XX karni, idan akwai wani m cin gaban masana'antu da kuma tattalin arziki, kazalika da mafi yawan Turai manya, Prague ne rayayye ci gaba da aka girma da muhimmanci. Yunƙurin wannan lokaci aka katse yakin duniya na farko. Czechoslovakia - A shekarar 1918, an zaman kanta a jihar da aka kafa. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, daga 1939 zuwa 1945, Prague - babban birnin na Jihar - kazalika da sauran mutanen kasar, yana cikin Nazi zama. Bayan yaki da kuma har shekarar 1989, lokacin da akwai wani "karammiski juyin juya halin" a Czechoslovakia ne wani ɓangare na gurguzu sansanin.

Prague gundumomi

Modern Prague aka hada da mutane da yawa sassa, wasu daga wanda ya ga ƙarni dauke a matsayin raba birane. Su ne:

• Visegrad.
• Zura Mesto.
• karami.
• Hradcany.
• New Town.

A cikin tsohon kwana, suka ba kawai yana da daban-daban gudanar da tsarin da kuma mika wuya da kudi, amma rashin daidaito da juna, wani lokacin za a matsayin nisa kamar yadda soja mataki. By ƙarshen XIX karni shi ya dauki siffar Old Prague, a cikin tarihi cibiyar wanda ya hada da yankuna, irin na Old da kuma New Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala Strana da Josefov - Yahudawa Quarter.

Wannan suke located da babban tarihi, gine-gine da kuma al'adu jan hankali na Czech babban birnin kasar. A m shekaru, birnin girma, kuma akwai sabon yankunan, amma su ne ban sha'awa ga matafiya na abubuwa da dan kadan.

Yau ne wuya ba ne kawai don yawon bude ido amma kuma ga 'yan asalin mutane fahimci yadda ya kasu kashi gundumomi na Prague. A kan taswira, bisa ga zamani ra'ayi na gari shiryawa, zamani yankunan gano da su yankin na zuwa wani musamman Municipality. Saboda haka, da dukan birnin ne zuwa kashi 22 gundumomi, ciki har da a cikin mambobi 57 gundumomi.

Tare da sabon yi da kuma tsohon garin cadastral tsarin division. Saboda haka, Prague ne zuwa kashi 10 main yankunan 112 yankunan. Irin wannan bambanci ake kira Gudanarwa da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a sassa daban daban na birane rayuwa.