Pear Chizhovski: bayanin irin iri-iri, dasa da kuma kula

Idan ka tambaye Rasha lambu, wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fi so, duk ba tare da togiya, za a gabatar da biyu kawai sunayen: apple da pear. Daga cikin da yawa iri da kuma hybrids kowanne daga cikinmu ne free to zabi abin da ya fi ga liking, amma akwai dogon-sani da kuma saba da dandano da 'ya'yan itace, namo wanda ba za ka iya ki. Daya daga cikin wadannan lambu shuke-shuke dauke Chizhovski pear, bayanin irin iri-iri ne da ake yi a tsakiyar karni na karshe. A mafi yadu amfani ta samu a Turai na Rasha, amma wasu ingancin shuke-shuke dama da shi zuwa ga girma a Siberia da kuma Far East.

Main halaye sa

Pear iri Chizhovski sake bitar lambu suna sanya daya daga cikin mafi sauki da girma da kuma kula da. A mafi muhimmanci shi ne high quality na ta hardiness, wanda aka bayyana a cikin 'ya'yan itace-hali iya aiki ko da bayan jurewa kadan snow da kuma m hunturu. Bugu da kari, Chizhovski pear tsiro da kyau da kuma Bears 'ya'yan itace ko a cikin matsananci yanayi, kamar yadda shi ne undemanding zuwa gona da kuma shi ne resistant zuwa mafi cututtuka da shafi cikin wasu iri.

A fruiting Chizhovski zo farkon - bayan a kalla 4 shekaru bayan aiwatar da alurar riga kafi. Fruit a kan itacen suna kafa yafi a kan kolchatke haka karfi shekara-shekara pruning ake bukata. Pear Chizhovski, bayanin irin iri-iri da za ka ga a kasa, duk da kananan girman da kambi, sani na da babban tsari amfanin gona da kai 50 kg da shuka. A 'ya'yan itatuwa nunarsa a lokacin rani marigayi - farkon kaka. Matsakaicin ajiya lokaci na pears a wani dakin da zazzabi kusa da ⁰ °, na domin na 3-4 watanni.

Bayyanar da akwati da kuma rassan pear Chizhovski

Pear Chizhovski (sa bayanin ya tabbatar da wannan) yana nufin srednerosloe Stam siffofin, watau ƙananan ɓangare na da tushe ne bã tãre da rassan, yayin da kambi na itace a cikin wani m, leafy matsakaici. A haushi a kan akwati da manyan kwarangwal rassan duhu launin toka, yayin da karami su - haske launin ruwan kasa. kwarangwal rassan girma kusan tsaye shugabanci, da kadan gangara. Ɗan daban-daban look matasa harbe, wanda launi dabam daga ja-kasa-kasa zuwa kasa-kasa. Internode su ne matsakaita, babu pubescence. Samuwa lenticels kananan, shirya rare da surfactants.

Ɗaukar Chizhovsky pear (itacen tsawo ne game da 2.5 m) yana da siffar wani dala ko mazugi, yayin da matasa shuke-shuke yawanci mafi elongated siffar.

Form ganye, inflorescences da furanni

Ganyen shuke-shuke da iri da suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin cikakken rashi na pubescence a kan manya da ƙananan sassa. Leaf ruwan wukake an serrated, m, a kan matasa harbe lanceolate. Inflorescence adult fruiting pear iri da Chizhovski form corymbose goge, kunsha na 5-7 furanni. A buds da wani haske launi, a cikakken ƙaho wani nau'i na fari, daya-yanki a gefen da petals. Flowers matsakaici-sized, kusan gaba ɗaya kai-pollinated, amma ga mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa shi ne shawarar zuwa girma a kusa da kusanci zuwa wasu iri. Saboda haka, pear Lada da Chizhovski ne mafi kyau hure ga juna.

Pear 'ya'yan itãcen marmari Chizhovski

A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna ripening a lokacin da rawaya-koren launi da kawai m Heart zama ja. Kwasfa da pear a kan santsi da kuma matakin, tare da kananan subcutaneous maki. Average 'ya'yan size, siffar hankula pear: obovoid ko pear. Cikin jiki, shi fari, da rauni yellowish. Juiciness na 'ya'yan itace a kan tsakiyar matakin, granulation jiki rarrauna ne. Seed kamara tayi Chizhovski matsakaici-sized pear, aka located a cikin tsakiyar na 'ya'yan itace. Yawan matsakaici-sized ruwan kasa tsaba kasa da 10 guda. Game da dandano halaye na 'ya'yan itatuwa tabbatacce feedback.

saukowa

dasa seedlings za a iya za'ayi a cikin bazara, ko kaka tucked gina jiki cakuda dasa rami. Pear Chizhovski, bayanin irin iri-iri wadda ke da alaka da hunturu hardiness, fi son spring dasa, kaka mai yiwuwa ne kawai a kudancin yankunan Rasha. Tare da spring dasa ya kamata a shirya wani wuri mafi a cikin fall. Domin wannan tona rami da wani gefe na akalla 70 cm, zurfin game da 1 m. Topsoil dauka fita daga gare ta, gauraye da humus buckets 2 da kuma guda yawan m yashi prokalonnogo kara 1 kofin superphosphate da kuma 1/3 kofin potassium sulfate. Idan ƙasa ne acidic a cikin lambu, za ka iya ƙara 2-3 kg na lemun tsami ko dolomite. Bayan copious ban ruwa dasa rami da aka rufe, kuma su bar har sai spring.

Sakawa da seedling a lokacin da dasa wajibi ne don haka da cewa Tushen ana mike gaba ɗaya a duk inda, da kuma tushen kwala aka located a ƙasa matakin. Bayan sealing ƙasar kafa shuke-shuke shayar 2-3 buckets na ruwa.

Kula pear, cututtuka da kwari

Fruit itatuwa (pear Chizhovsky), cututtuka wanda ne wanda bai isa, na bukatar a matsayin tsafta kula shekara-shekara pruning, a cikin abin da aka yanka da kuma lalace tsohon rassan. Hagu ga fruiting harbe pruned da daya bisa uku.

A bambanci ga cututtuka, kwari, wanda za a iya samu a kambi na itacen, wani babban yawa. Saboda haka tsirarwa ya kamata a shirya ga dukan zamanin da aiki girma da kuma ciyayi Chizhovsky pears gudanar maimaita aiki. A farko ne da za'ayi a watan Afrilu a lokacin toho, musamman wajen. Lura cewa kana bukatar ka rike duk da shuke-shuke a wannan lokaci da cewa kwari ba, ɓata daga bishiya zuwa. Saboda haka, idan akwai dasa pear Lada Chizhovski kuma dole ne a bi da da iri. A mafi tasiri a cikin farko da magani aka dauke su kwayoyi, "Inta-sup," "Kin-mix", da sauransu.

A lokacin rani da shuka bukatar yau da kullum watering m ba tare da Scotland ƙasa, wanda yake shi ne pear tsayawa ba. A tsakiyar watan Yuni za a iya dasa a yankin na kusa-akwati da'irar kore taki, wanda daga baya ya yanka kuma bar shi kamar yadda ciyawa. Tare da dama shiri na saukowa rami pear ba ya bukatar bazara da kaka taki aikace-aikace. Kawai bayan 5-6 shekaru bayan farko na fruiting itace za a iya ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa dace da hadaddun taki. Sauran al'amurran da shiri domin hunturu pears ne zuwa whitewash gangar jikin, suna jin wutar korar tasa ko spruce rassan, wanda zai taimaka wajen hana lalacewar da hakori shuke-shuke. M kayan doki, cire spring kafin sap kwarara.