Novodevichy Convent a Moscow, inda? History of sufi

Daya daga cikin manyan gine-gine da Rasha duwatsu masu daraja da aka dauke su Novodevichy Convent a Moscow. Sufi Museum tun da XVI karni faruwa a wani lanƙwasa na Moskva River a cikin tarihi wuri da ake kira da Yankan filin, da kuma taba daina jawo hankalin tare da kyau da kuma dogon tarihi na taba-kawo karshen rafi na yawon bude ido da kuma mahajjata.

Asirin events da Legends steeped a Novodevichy Convent. A Moscow, inda zamanin d sufi, a lokacin da Tatar karkiya Rasha mutane tattara haraji ga Golden taro. Haraji da aka biya zuwa Tatars, ba kawai tsabar kudi na zinariya, kuma furs. An nan ya kawo Rasha beauties 'yan mata, wanda rabo an qaddara lokaci daga cikin bauta. Tun daga nan, da filin da aka kira da Maiden, da ƙasa a nan, da suka ga m baƙin ciki zauna sharkaf da hawaye. Ga kuma Novodevichy Convent a Moscow, shi aka sa harsashin ginin, wanda tarihi ya koma ƙarni, to lokacin da na karfafa ikon Rasha.

Yana da lokaci zuwa ƙungiyar na Moscow ƙasar

Novodevichy Convent Uwar Allah na Smolensk tarihi ya fara a 1524, da kuma bayyanar da aka zamar masa dole gagarumin taron na Rasha - kammala daidaituwa na Muscovy. Grand Prince Vasily III na Moscow, da ake kira "tara na Rasha ƙasashe", wanda ya zama mutum, kuma gado na Byzantine sarakuna, da kuma kare Orthodoxy daga kãfirai.

Grand daidaituwa a ƙasar Rasha ya ƙare tare da kwato daga karkashin Lithuanian mulkin Smolensk - birnin, wanda ya dabarun muhimmancin ga Rasha jihar. A tarihi yaƙi ya faru a shekarar 1514, da kuma shekaru 10 daga baya, ya cika ta wa'adin sanya kafin zuwa Smolensk, Prince kafa sufi da wani coci, ya keɓe da Smolensk icon Mai Tsarki Mother ( "Putevoditelnitsy").

Girma hanyar Smolensk Icon

A icon na Smolensk Uwar Allah ya kai Rasha a ƙasar XI karni, kafin zuwan Muscovy. A cewar labari, rubuta a lokacin rayuwarsa a duniya na Virgin Manzo Luka, ta zo da wani dogon hanya tun daga Urushalima a Byzantine babban birnin kasar na Konstantinoful, sa'an nan zuwa ga Rasha Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Ta aka ƙaddara zama shrine dadin jikina na Rasha sarakuna. Kuma na dogon lokaci, da banmamaki, image na hankali kiyaye su a cikin coci na ɗauka Smolensk. Tun wannan lokacin, shi da aka sani da Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah, da kuma birnin da aka yanzu adana a kan isar da Virgin. A tarihin XIII karni musamman don bayyana mu'ujiza cewa icon a lokacin da ta ajiye da Smolensk daga mamayewa na sojojin na Batu.

Tun 1398 da banmamaki image a Muscovy. Yana kawo Sophia Vitovtovna, Moscow Prince Vasily I. matarsa a lokacin ziyarar Smolensk wa mahaifinsa, da Lithuanian yarima, Sophia samu iyaye na albarka kuma shiriya ga adana wani icon a gida. Sanya shi aka ƙaddara a Gaske Shelar Cathedral na Kremlin.

Domin shekaru masu yawa da jakadu na Smolensk an tambayi zuwa Vasili III na sama na icon. Amma da zarar yanke shawarar ci da Rasha ƙasar da kuma son jawo hankalin mazaunan Smolensk a kan Rasha gefe na yarima ya yarda da wannan taron ya faru.

Kafin aika da shrine a wani dogon hanyar Smolensk, a umurnin da sarkin da gumaka cire m jerin, wanda aka yi watsi da Gaske Shelar Cathedral. A Novodevichy Convent a Moscow, inda ya ke yanzu jerin gumaka, ya kasance a 1525.

A Smolensk shrine tare da wani procession daga Kremlin ganuwar zuwa Sawin sufi. Shi ne kawai bayan da babbar salla, ta koma tare da Smolensk hanya.

Wannan girma taron ya tun bikin shekara festive ayyuka da kuma wani procession zuwa wuri inda yanzu lullube da Novodevichy Convent. Moscow, Rasha, duk Rasha Orthodox Kiristoci tasbĩhi Yuli 28 Smolensk Icon na Uwar Allah. A wannan lokaci, bayan da nasara yakin Smolensk, na farko katako coci na sabon sufi da aka sa shi.

Yadda ya yi da sunan sufi kan Virgin ta Field

The sufi mai suna "Novodevichy" ya ba mai haɗari. By farkon na XVI karni Moscow riga ya biyu mace sufi - mafi tsufa sufi da ganewa, da ake kira sa'an nan Starodevichim, kuma aka located a cikin ƙasa na Moscow Kremlin ta Hawan Yesu zuwa sama. The asali sunan sufi kan Virgin ta Field, da aka ambata a cikin tarihin a cikin 1598 - Mai tsarki Virgin Hodegetria The sabon nunnery.

Akwai wani version of bayyanar da take. Abbess na sufi da aka sadaukar da tsari-Nun Elena, Bayou da ascetic Suzdal Pokrovsky sufi. Daga Suzdal ga sabon Convent abbess cire suna da 18 nuns, kuma zuwa aminci bauta wa da shi a duk fitattu. A rayuwa na nuns a sufi da aka kafa ta haihuwa ɗakin barci akida, da kuma ne batun m doka. Up zuwa yanzu lokaci zuwa ajiye wani musamman handwritten daftarin aiki kõma sama da abbess na Novodevichy Convent - shatan da kullum Convent farkon XVI karni.

Bayou Elena aka ada ya zama "vseizryadnoy malami budurwa daraja," da kuma ikilisiya da Devochkin sunan barkwanci saboda kulawa ta musamman da wakilcin 'yan mata. Son da kuma kula nuna ta abbess ya haka mai girma cewa yana kunshe ne a cikin tsohon Moscow marayu sunan ga mata.

Daga cikin tarihi na Novodevichy Convent ne da aka sani cewa a lokacin da Bitrus Na nan shirya tsari ga jariran, girls haife bisa ka'ida ba. Nuns tada da kuma ilmantar da su rigor, instilling a su ƙanƙan da kai, da kuma biyayya. Yana mallakar Bitrus na yi tunani don ya koya novices sufi yadin da aka saka a kan Dutch hanya. Tsari ne na farko samfur na nan gaba na Moscow marayu for girls high azuzuwan.

History of sufi ga mata da kuma mai tsara don marayu 'yan mata baya ci gaba da ¡iyãma Novodevichy sufi kafa ta domin na Empress Elizabeth a 1746. A wannan lokacin, ta ya yanke shawarar canza wurin da gwaninta na Moscow nuns a St. Petersburg. A musamman m wannan sufi fara amfani a lokacin da heyday na zaman zuhudu tsakanin mata a cikin XIX karni.

Daya version daga cikin dalilan domin kafa sufi

Masana tarihi kusan baki daya sun yarda da cewa daya daga cikin dalilan domin kafa wani sabon Convent da kuma wani sirri wasan kwaikwayo Vasily III. A layi daya ne kõma tsakanin gina sufi da saki hali na yarima. Zaba su Solomonia Saburova shekaru 20 na aure, Na ba su iya ba da sarkin magaji. Tsoron 'yan'uwansa, bayyanar da cewa ya mallaki, ya samu izni daga coci a sake yin wani. Iya jimre tare da aure da taƙawa to matarsa Solomonia Vasily III da aka tilasta ya dauki da shãmaki kuma abin tunkuɗewa ta da Kirsimeti sufi. A 1525 aka christened Sophia.

Wasu masu tarihi sun yi imani da cewa Novodevichy Convent a Moscow, wanda shi ne wani jerin daga cikin Smolensk icon aka tsara musamman domin Sulemanu. Kuma Vasily III, «hidimar majagaba" na wadanada a tilasta saki matarsa don ganuwar da sufi, kokarin haka a magance masa laifi.

Daga cikin Kremlin da Novodevichy Convent da aka sani kawai uku mil. Amma motsi zuwa picturesque wuri kusa Moscow Nun Sophia bai iya jawabin da ta kwana da majalisa ta zauna a Suzdal, Pokrovsky bayan ganuwar da Convent. Adalci rayuwa ta cancanci lissãfi ga Hurumi, kuma a yau na girmama muminai kamar yadda Sofiya Suzdalskaya Reverend.

Godunovs da Novodevichy Convent

A bakin ciki yi na reference mutane sarauta iyalan ci gaba Ivan Grozny. Ya boye a nan matar ɗan'uwansa, da kuma ɗansa. The sufi dauki da bazawara na Fedor na Ioanovicha, Irina Godunov, kare shi daga mutuwar ɗan'uwansa Boris. Ta yanke shawarar barin sufi bayan mijinta mutuwa ya sa'an nan, suna tantamar zuwa abdication. Amma a nan shi ne sarauniya na Nun ya tafi a kan jama'a ayyuka, yin mazaunin sarauta zama. A nan sau uku zo zuwa ruku'u da boyars wanda ya tambaye Boris sarauta.

Musamman da hankali da kuma taimaka na Novodevichy Convent fara sa shi Boris Godunov, wanda ya dauki iko a 1598. Ga 'yar'uwarsa Irina Fedorovna ya gina wani sabon fili Kwayoyin, ɗakin sujada, kuma refectory. Daga bisani, za su iya mai suna Irininskimi bẽnãye. Bugu da kari, kudi da aka kasaftawa ga cikakken gyara na Smolensk Cathedral, mayar da murals da iconostasis, da banmamaki image ado a sabon albashi da duwatsu masu daraja.

Kãmamme sarauta iyali

A wani m mayẽwa daga mazaunan sufi da danginsu boyars da sarakuna. Daga gare su akwai cewa sami kansu a bãyansu karfi ganuwar ba su da nasu volition.

Ci gaba a gidan yari na zumunta, kuma Peter I. A shekarar 1689, a nan boye Princess Sophia Alekseevna, 'yar'uwar da monarch da instigator na tawaye m. A rabo daga ita da abokanta da aka sananne. Su aka kashe a gaban Novodevichy Convent, kuma kawunansu aka strung a kan dutse battlements na ganuwar da sufi. Wannan ma aka fitar da farko da matar na Bitrus I, Lopuchin Evdokia, bisa ga labari la'ane ya ƙaunataccen zuciya na gari a kan Neva.

"Novodevichy Convent a Moscow, inda akwai da yawa mutane na mai daraja iyali, da arziki da kuma yi nufi ga mutane na mafi girma" - shaida sarki Nikon. Kamar yadda a cikin tsohon kwana a Starodevichy, kuma a nan ya zo da sarakuna matansa, gwauraye, da 'ya'ya mata, maza da mata na boyars.

Domin gaya arziki samu mazauni a gindi, an kara ci gaba da kuma duwatsu masu daraja gaba nuns, kuma dedicatory haruffa a cikin mallaki ƙasashensu.

Makõmarsu ko kagara?

A umurnin Vasily III, da sufi da aka kamata ya zama wani dada kwafin na Kremlin. Kotun gine-ginen da painters yi aiki ba kawai a kan garun defenses, da yawa daga kyaunsu. Kunna ganuwar da sufi a kagara yanke shawarar Boris Godunov, da suka fara bayan hawan zuwa kursiyin da gine-gine da canji na sufi. New m dutse ganuwar tare da sabon hasumiya, da battlements kewaye sufi. Su tsawo yanzu ya karu zuwa 13 mita, da kuma tsawon - kusan kilomita. Domin gudanar da tsaron sufi posted strelets sansanin 350 sojan doki, da XVII karni sufi zama real kishirya sansanin soja a kan iyakar Moscow.

Zana rubutu irin na Moscow ta Novodevichy Convent da kuma gaya mana game da sau na Great matsaloli, lokacin da al'adar sufi sansanin soja ya ban tausayi. Tsaye a nuna na birnin, an hõre yawa hare-hare na 'yan kasashen waje, da' yan tawaye da sojojin na musketeers da talakawa 'yan fashi. By 1612 ganuwar da sufi da aka kusan halakar da wawushe sufi. Yana yana ƙarƙashin hasãra ganuwar da Novodevichy Convent, a tarihi yaƙi da Polish sojojin, bayan da Prince Pozharsky jagoranci tawagar zuwa Kremlin.

A sabon rai na sufi: sabuntawa da kuma yawan

Sabuntawa na Novodevichy sufi fara ne da zuwan zamanin farko Romanov. Mikhail Fedorovich, da warware sufi daga haraji to 1650 barrantar da sufi, daga kufan da yaki, suka gina garu da ganuwar. Ya sanya sufi da wani wuri don yin addu'a mantis sarauta personages. Tun daga nan na Novodevichy Convent aka located a waje da birnin, a karkashin ganuwar ta aka karya alfarwansu, inda suka zauna ga dare, "don haka kamar yadda ba miss da safe da salla." Godiya ga sufi Moscow aka mai suna titi Prechistenka - ba-rana tsohon garin alama. Yana da ga ta parishioners tafi a kan holidays.

Custom idi a Novodevichy Muscovites zo zuwa rayuwa tare da sau. Yau, dubban mutane kokarin samun da Novodevichy Convent a Moscow. Yadda za a samu to wurin da hutu idi suna gudanar?

Festive bikin a cikin tarihi cibiyar

A tsawon lokaci, da wuri da jama'a bukukuwa da aka canjawa wuri daga ganuwar da sufi a kan sabo da Virgin ta Field. A farko idi da aka gudanar kawai a kan addini holidays. Bayyanar da shahara titi Prechistenka ne ma hade da Novodevichy Convent.

A hanya a kan abin da aminci zo a kowace shekara daga cikin Kremlin ganuwar da sufi, ya wanzu a baya. Amma sarki ya umarta a 1658 da ya zama sananne a matsayin sunan Albarka Virgin, wanda shine fuska da banmamaki, bi kowace hutu.

A hankali, wannan tarihi site fara bikin muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru da kuma mundane. Up zuwa XVIII karni da ƙasa na Yankan filin zauna ba gina. Akwai blooming gõnaki, kuma apothecary gidãjen Aljanna m. Kasar gidajen nobility a wannan wuri ya fara bayyana zuwa karshen karni.

Yau Yankan filin yankin gaba daya gina up, da kuma babban titi na tarihi cibiyar da aka dauke su mafi Pirogovskaya Ƙananan Pirogovskaya da Pogodinskaya. Idi suna gudanar da dama wurare, a cikin tafiya nesa da juna, saboda haka wani mai shiryarwa a sami da wuri domin shi zai bauta wadannan tituna.

Yadda za a samu ga Novodevichy Convent

Babu wani daga cikin yawon shakatawa hanyoyi na babban birnin kasar bai guje da hankali Novodevichy Convent. Moscow - shi ne masomin Wadanda fata tafiya a kusa da Golden Zobe.

Kamar yadda gidan sufi dade har 1922. Ya aka ajiye ta Soviet gwamnati a matsayin gine-gine abin tunawa har 30s, a lokacin da shawarar da jama'ar kasar Commissariat na ginin sufi hadaddun aka bai wa jihar Historical Museum (reshe). Ko kafin karshen yaki a cikin ƙasa na Convent fara raya addini makarantu. Kuma kawai a shekarar 1994 da zuhudu rayuwa a cikin sufi da aka farfado.

Tourist Yanã shiryar da yaushe ba bayani ga wadanda suke so, to ziyarci Novodevichy Convent. Address da kuma kwatance sun nuna duk da bayanai na makirci. Yin rasa zai zama da wuya.

Tun a yau shi ne da tarihi na tsakiya na babban birnin kasar, da kuma abubuwan jan hankali rabu da wani gajeren nesa, sa'an nan da Metro tashar "Sport" shi ne mafi alhẽri ya dauki wani 10-minti yawo tare titi. Oktoba 10 ranar tunawa.

A ƙasa na sufi hadaddun yana da iyaka Novodevichy Nab. Luzhnetskaya tafiya da Khamovniki shaft. Bugu da kari ga dubawa na gine-gine, yawon bude ido da kuma magoya na da yawa mai girma mutane mamaki Novodevichy hurumi. Yana kuma da dangantaka da musamman gani na Moscow. Ga aka binne mutane da yawa zababbun kasar mu: generals, shahararren wakilan kimiyya da kuma al'adu, da kuma siyasa.

Heritage na Rasha tarihi da kuma ruhi da na addini sõyayya a kanta a landmark for Rasha ta wuri - Novodevichy Convent a Moscow. Address: Metro "Sports", Novodevichy nassi, 1.