Na biyu shugaban Ukraine Leonid Kuchma: biography, photos

Leonid Kuchma (haife 9 ga watan Agusta, 1938) shi ne na biyu shugaban m Ukraine daga 19 Yuli 1994 zuwa 23 Janairu 2005. Ya dauki ofishin bayan ya lashe zaben shugaban kasar shekara ta 1994, fatattakar abokin kokawarsa - shugaban kasar mai ci Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma aka sake zabenshi a kara tsawon shekara biyar a matsayin shugaban kasa a 1999.

Wuraren asalin da kuma asalin

Inda ya fara rayuwa ta tafiya, Leonid Kuchma? Tarihinsa ya fara ne a kauyen Chaikino m Chernigov yankin. Mahaifinsa, Daniel Prokofievich (1901-1942) aiki a matsayin wani sapper a cikin Army a lokacin yakin duniya na II, aka yi masa rauni, kuma sun mutu a wani filin asibiti a Novgorod yankin, a lokacin da Leonid shekara huxu. Uwar Praskovya Trofimovna yi aiki duk da ransa a gona.

shekaru nazari

Leonid Kuchma bayan ƙulli yankunan karkara makaranta shigar da Physics-Technical Faculty (FTF) Dnepropetrovsk State University, ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1960 shekara, da cancantar wani inji m. Gaskiyar cewa FTF ya wuya baiwa, a irin fasaha kwaleji a cikin jami'a general. An musamman tsara don horar da injiniyoyi zuwa kafa a cikin Dnipropetrovsk yankin a cikin shekaru 50 da manyan sarari-roka samar. Saboda haka, mafi yawan masu digiri da aka aika zuwa aiki a kan Kudancin Machine-Building Shuka ko roka CB "ta Kudu", wanda a 50-60-ies jagorancin sanannen Janar Designer M. K. Yangel. Akwai ma aka aika zuwa matasa injiniya Leonid Kuchma.

A nasara aure a matsayin wani engine na aiki

Mene ne chances karya a cikin wani shugabanci matsayi a cikin ofishin, inda a cikin mai kyau shekaru da aiki har zuwa 20 dubu. Ma'aikata, da yawa na wanda su ne masu digiri daga cikin manyan fasaha jami'o'i a Moscow da kuma Birnin Leningrad, ya Ukrainian yaron bayan lardin makarantar sakandare matakin na ilimi, wanda ya nuna a sarari a kasa? Haka ne, babu. Kuma duk da haka, Leonid Kuchma a 1982, ya kasance na farko mataimakin babban Designer, wadda take sa'an nan V. F. Utkin. Kuma kafin ya kasance game da shekaru 7 da haihuwa jam'iyyar Oganeza KB, kuma akwai fiye da dubu 10 da Kwaminisancin a jam'iyyar kungiyar, saboda haka cewa saduwa na sakatare na jam'iyyar kungiyar a cikin wannan tawagar shi ne prerogative na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU.

Ta yaya zai yi nasara? Sunã shiryarwa da haske ga Leonid ya zama nasara da aure, da 'yar nan sarki harkokin fasahar Yuzhmash baya ya koma Moscow, ma'aikatar Janar Engineering a matsayin shugaban daya daga cikin tsakiyar katakan. Hakika, a high-ranking suruki ya ba da aiki da farko lokacinta.

Career a cikin Soviet zamanin

A general, ta wata hanya, amma a shekaru 15, Leonid Kuchma, ya fita daga talakawa m to gwada makami mai linzami fasahar sarrafa a cikin Baikonur Cosmodrome a mukamin Mataimakin Babban Designer. Shi ne, a gaskiya, mai ban sha'awa da kuma perpektivnaya (a gabar kara aiki girma) post. Bayan duk shirye-shirye domin jefa kansa makami mai linzami jefa - shi ne sakamakon aikin da yawa da ke kawance da kamfanonin daga ko'ina cikin Tarayyar Soviet, suka shiga a cikin zane da kuma samar da daukacin makami mai linzami tsarin, wanda ya hada da ban da roka da kanta ne ma da ƙaddamar kushin ko nawa, yana nufin sufuri, kayan aiki gudanar da tsarin, telemetry, kewayawa da dai sauransu. Ci gaba da gwajin rahoton kullum da shugaban Moscow ta qarshe farar hula da kuma soja hukuma, sau da yawa daukan yawa high kwamitocin. Shi ne ko da yaushe a gani da ji, kowa ya sani, shi ake giciye-rahotanni da kalamai daban-daban hukumomi. Bayan aiki na shekaru da dama a cikin site, kwararre ne yawanci transplanted a wani babban kujera m posts a nasu kamfanin (ko wani dillancin).

Kuma mu gwarzo a shekarar 1975 ya koma zuwa ga kujera na jam'iyyar farko sakataren "Southern" sa'an nan Yuzhmash. Jam'iyyar Kwaminis na shuka Kuchma ya tafi zuwa ga post na farko mataimakin babban Designer na KB a 1982, da kuma lokacin da ƙarshen 80s ya yi ritaya shekaru masu yawa darektan "Yuzhmash" Makarov, ya aka nada maye gurbin kocin kasar.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, ya zo tare da wani suna a matsayin wani babban jami'in sarrafa, ko da yake a ko'ina ya aiki, da jam'iyyar da kuma samar bai halitta, kuma bai ci gaba da wani daga wani gagarumin zane ko samar da aikin.

Firimiyan a lokacin shugabancin Kravchuk

Kamar yadda a farkon shekara ta 1990 da nan shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ukraine Vladimir Ivashko Kuchma miƙa Firimiyan, amma ya ƙi, ambatawa a rashin kwarewa. Shekaru biyu da suka shige, da kuma da yawa, ciki har da mafi Kuchma, ya bayyana cewa, kasar karkashin Shugaba Kravchuk je ga abyss. A karkashin barazana rasa duk abin da ta samu a sakamakon rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Gabas Ukrainian Elite harhada kuma tilasta Kravchuk, Kuchma ya nada firayim ministan kasar tare da ikon bayar da dokoki da ciwon da karfi na doka. Tun daga nan, a cikin Ukraine shekaru da dama ba su biya haraji karkashin Tax Code, da kuma bisa ga umurnin da majalisar ministocin.

Leonid Kuchma - Shugaba

Da ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na firaministan kasar Ukraine a watan Satumba 1993 zuwa tsaya takarar shugabancin kasa a farkon zaben a shekarar 1994 a kan wani dandamali a ta da tattalin arzikin ta tanadi huldar cinikaiya da Rasha da kuma za su gudanar da m kasuwar sake fasalin. Ya lashe bayyananne nasara a kan shugaban kasar mai ci, Leonid Kravchuk, ya karbi karfi da goyon baya daga m yankunan da gabas da kuma kudu. Ya m sakamakon sun kasance a cikin yammacin kasar.

A watan Oktoba 1994, Kuchma ya fara m tattalin arzikin, ciki har da kau da farashin controls, da haraji cuts, kamfanonin na masana'antu da kuma noma Enterprises, kazalika da sake fasalin a musayar iko da kuma banki. Ukrainian hryvnia da aka gabatar a shekarar 1996, ainihin hanya wadda dollar ya 1,75.

Kuchma aka sake zabe a 1999 domin wa'adi na biyu. Wannan lokaci, yankunan da ba shi karfi da goyon baya a karo na farko, zabe ya abokin gaba Peter Simonenko, da kuma yankin kafin kada kuri'a da shi, a maimakon haka, goyon shi.

A lokacin da shekaru goma shugabancinsa, ya kusan a kowace shekara canza Firimiya. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu - shi Pavel Lazarenko aka yanke masa hukumcin a Amurka, da kuma Viktor Yushchenko, wanda ya zo domin maye gurbin Kuchma a 2004.

A lokacin da ta biyu zartarwa sharuddan a Ukraine ya ci gaba ne har yanzu a jihar administrative jikin da majalissun makirci na tsarin. Photography Leonida Kuchmy shugabancin biyu lokaci nuna a kasa.

Aikin a zaben rikicin a 2004

Kuchma ta rawa a wannan rikicin da aka ba tukuna cikakken gane. Bayan zagaye na biyu a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2004 ya zama kamar ma cewa Yanukovych lashe zaben da zamba, saboda wanda 'yan adawa da kuma masu zaman kansu da masu lura jayayya da sakamakon, wanda ya kai ga "orange" juyin juya halin.

An ce Kuchma aka bukaci Yanukovych da kuma Viktor Medvedchuk (shugaban ofishin shugaban kasar ta) ga bayyana dokar ta baci da kuma rike rantsar da Yanukovych. Kuchma ya yi ba. Daga baya, Yanukovych zargi Kuchma a fili na cin amanar kasa. Bayan zuwan iko Viktora Yuschenko a sakamakon wani saba wa tsarin mulki zagaye na uku na zaben, ya taya shi a kan nasara da kuma a hukumance mika mulki ga gade a kasar, amma nan da nan bayan da ya bar Ukraine. Bayan Yushchenko magoya bayan kira Kuchma gwamnatin laifi. Ya koma zuwa Ukraine a watan Maris shekarar 2005 zai yiwuwa samun daga sabon shugaban ya tabbatar masa kariyar.

A karshe shekaru 10 ya yi kadan share up a cikin rayuwar siyasa na kasar, kusan ba su ba da hirarraki, ya ba da haske a sama a kan talabijin. Idan ba domin abubuwan da suka faru na karshe shekaru biyu, mu tabbas dã ba su ji wani abu game da wannan mutumin kamar yadda Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Tarihinsa supplemented da wani haske page, idan a 2014 aka nada da shugaban kasar Poroshenko ta sirri wakili a cikin Contact Group a kan tattaunawar a Minsk ga shiri na yaki a cikin Donbass.

Family da kuma na sirri rayuwa

Leonid Kuchma Married to Lyudmila Kuchma tun 1967. Ya kawai ya Helen aure to Viktorom Pinchukom, a Ukrainian oligarch Yahudawa asalin. Elena Pinchuk yana da dan Roman (haife shi a shekara ta 1991 daga baya ta aure zuwa wani Ukrainian kasuwa Igor Franchuk) da kuma 'ya'ya mata biyu da Victor Pinchuk.

Bayan ritaya, Kuchma a yarda su ci gaba da gwamnatin dacha a Koncha Zaspa kusa Kiev. Ya aka kuma yarda ka riƙe su da cikakken shugaban kasar albashi, kuma dukan ma'aikatan, tare da biyu gwamnatin motoci. The kudin na rike lambu da kuma mota ana biya daga jihar kasafin kudin.

Wani batun da haddasa wasu tashin hankali a kusa da kai. Wanda ya Kuchma Leonid Danilovich, wanda kabila idan ba duk Ukrainians, kuma Yahudawa. Mafi m, wannan shi ne maganar banza. Kuma gudamawar ta mutane kunkuntar shiryayye, kuma kasa da ilimi suka yi da kawai burin - shi ne a kowace hanya bosit shadow m ga irin wannan shahara Figures a matsayin Kuchma Leonid Danilovich. Ya real name ne daya da wanda ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin wani wa'adi biyu shugaba na Ukrainian.