Mozart: jerin. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: kerawa

A fice Austria mawaki V. A. Motsart ne daya daga cikin wakilan da Viennese gargajiya makaranta. Ya kyauta aka bayyana a farkon yara. A Mozart ayyukan jin wani tunani na da ra'ayoyi na motsi "Sturm und Drang" da kuma Jamus haske. A music, ya sanya da m gwaninta daga cikin daban-daban hadisai da kuma na kasa da makarantu. Cikin shahararrun ayyukan Mozart, da jerin wanda shi ne babbar, sun dauka su wuri a cikin tarihi na music. Ya rubuta fiye da ashirin operas, arba'in da daya kade-kade, concertos for daban-daban kida tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa, jam'iyya music kuma piano ayyukansu.

Brief bayanai game da mawaki

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austria mawaki) an haife ni a 01.27.1756, a cikin kyakkyawan garin Salzburg. Bugu da kari ga composing? ya kasance mai kyau harpsichordist, shugaba, organist da kuma goge virtuoso. Ya na da wani cikakken kunne ga music, na alatu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma bege ga improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ne daya daga cikin manyan composers , ba kawai ya lokaci, amma kuma yanzu. Ya baiwa aka nuna a cikin ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin daban-daban siffofin da nau'o'i. Works of Mozart ta m ya zuwa yanzu. Wannan ya nuna cewa mawaki ya "da gwajin lokaci." Sunansa mafi sau da yawa da aka ambata a cikin wannan numfashi tare da Haydn da Beethoven, a matsayin wakilin Viennese Classicism.

Biography da m hanya. 1756-1780 shekaru na rayuwa

Mozart da aka haife a kan Janairu 27, 1756. Rubuta zama farkon, a kusa da shekaru uku. A farko music malami ya mahaifinsa. A 1762 da ya tafi tare da mahaifinsa da 'yar'uwa a babban m tafiya zuwa daban-daban birane a Jamus, Ingila, Faransa, Switzerland, da Netherlands. A wannan lokaci ne na farko ayyukan Mozart. List of hankali fadada. Tun 1763, ya kasance mai rai a Paris. Halitta Sonatas for Violin da Harpsichord. A cikin tsawon 1766-1769 rayuwar a Salzburg da kuma Vienna. Tare da yardar musu baftisma a cikin binciken na qagaggun daga cikin manyan Masters. Daga gare su, Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella da yawa wasu. A 1770-1774 gg. Yana located, yafi a Italiya. Gana da sanannen a lokacin da mawaki - Joseph Mysliveček, wanda tasiri za a iya gano a nan gaba aikin Wolfgang Amadeus. A cikin shekaru 1775-1780 tafiyarka zuwa Munich, Paris da kuma Mannheim. Fuskantar kudi matsaloli. Hana uwarsa. A wannan lokaci da yawa ayyukan da aka rubuta da Mozart. Lissafa su ne babbar. Su ne:

• Concerto for sarewa da molo.
• Shida keyboard sonatas.
• da dama na ruhaniya ƙananan waƙoƙi.
• Symphony 31 a D babbar tonality, wanda aka sani a matsayin Paris.
• goma sha biyu rawa da dakuna da kuma wasu waƙoƙi.

Biography da m hanya. 1779-1791 shekaru na rayuwa

A 1779, aiki a Salzburg kotu organist. A 1781 a Munich tare da babban rabo mai girma farko da ya wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Idomeneo". Wannan wani sabon nuna a cikin rabo na da m hali. Sa'an nan yana zaune a birnin Vienna. A 1783 ya aure Constanze Weber. A wannan lokacin, je bad operas na Mozart. Lissafa su ba don haka mai girma. Wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka L'oca del Alkahira da kuma Lalle sposo deluso, wanda ya zauna ba a kare ba. A 1786 da ya rubuta mai kyau "Le Figaro Nozze di" a kan libretto ta Lorenzo da Ponte. Yana da aka aiwatar a Vienna da wani babban rabo mai girma. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa wannan shi ne mafi kyau na Mozart ta opera. A 1787 ya buga wani m nasara wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, wanda kuma an halitta tare da haɗin gwiwar Lorenzo da Ponte. Yana da "Don Giovanni". A daidai wannan lokaci da ya nada "na mallaka da kuma sarauta jam'iyya mawaki". Wanda ya sa aka biya 800 florins. Ya rubuta raye-raye don masques kuma comic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. A May 1791 Mozart dauki gidan mataimakin shugaba na Cathedral of St. Stephen ta Cathedral. Ta aka ba biya, amma ya miƙa da damar bayan mutuwar Leopold Hoffman (wanda aka sosai da lafiya) kai da wuri. Duk da haka, wannan bai faru ba. A watan Disamba, 1791 a mawaki na baiwa mutu. Akwai iri biyu daga cikin hanyar da ya mutuwa. Na farko shi ne sequelae cuta rheumatic zazzabi. Na biyu version ne kama da labari, amma yana goyan bayan da yawa musicologists. Wannan mawaki Salieri guba Mozart.

Basic Mozart. jerin ayyuka

Opera - shi ne daya daga cikin manyan nau'o'i na aikinsa. Ya na da makaranta opera zingshpili, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka seria kuma buffa, kazalika da mai girma wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Daga cikin alkalami na gyara:

• makaranta wasar kwaikwayo ta waka: "The canji na Hyacinth," kuma aka sani da "Apollo da kuma Hyacinth".
• Opera seria "Idomeneo" ( "Iliya Idamante"), "La Clemenza di Tito", "mitridate".
• Opera buffa "La Finta Giardiniera", "fim din ango", "The Aure na Figaro," "Dukan su ne," "Alkahira Goose", "Don Giovanni", "Sham simpleton".
• zingshpili "Bastien und Bastienne", "Zayed", "The Juyawa daga Seraglio".
• grand wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "opera The Magic sarewa".
• pantomime rawa "Knick-knacks".
• Mass: 1768-1780, kafa a Salzburg, Munich da kuma Vienna.
• Requiem (1791);
• Oratorio " 'yanci Vetuliya".
• cantata "mai tawakkali Dawuda," "The Joy of magina," "Kai, rai na sararin duniya," "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Aiki ga ƙungiyar makaɗa

Works da Mozart ga ƙungiyar makaɗa buga ta size. Su ne:

• taron makada.
• kide da kuma tilawa ga Piano, kuma Orchestra na goge da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa.
• Concerto na biyu Violins da Orchestra a cikin key na C manyan, domin goge, Viola da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa, domin sarewa da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin key na G manyan, domin oboe, clarinet da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa, Bassoon, Kakakin, da sarewa, da garaya (C manyan );
• Concerto na biyu Pianos da Orchestra (E lebur babbar) da uku (F babbar).
• Divertimenti da Serenades ga ƙungiyar makaɗa, kirtani, da iska gungu.

Guda domin ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma gungu

Mutane da yawa hada for ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma gungu Mozart. Famous ayyukansu:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Zanga (wasu daga cikinsu shiga cikin Serenade).
• raye-raye da (ƙasar raye-raye, Ländlers, minuets).
• coci sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets da bambancin.

Keyboard (Piano)

Musical ayyukan Mozart da wannan kayan aiki ne sosai rare daga pianists. Su ne:

• Sonata 1774 - C manyan (K 279), F manyan (K 280), G manyan (K 283); 1775 G. - D manyan (K 284); 1777 - C manyan (K 309), D manyan (K 311); 1778 G. - Ƙananan (R 310) C manyan (K 330) A manyan (331 K), F manyan (332 K), Cu lebur manyan (K 333); 1784 - C Ƙananan (K 457); 1788 - F manyan (K 533), C manyan (K 545);
• Goma sha biyar Bambanci hawan keke (1766-1791).
• Qira'ar (1786, 1787).
• rudu (watan Julin 1782, 1785).
• daban-daban guda.

Symphony № 40 da WA Mozart

Mozart ta kade-kade da aka halitta daga 1764 zuwa 1788. A karshe uku sun zama mafi girma nasara ta wannan salo. Total Wolfgang rubuta 50 kade-kade. Amma masu lambobi m musicology an dauki na karshe 41 Symphony ( "Jupiter").

A mafi kyau kade-kade na Mozart (№ 39-41) ne na musamman halittun da cewa ba za a iya shigar yayin buga. A kowane daga cikinsu yana dauke da wani tushen sabon m ra'ayin.

Symphony lambar 40 da aka fi aiki na salo. A farko rabo fara agitated launin waƙa violins tambaya-amsar tsarin. Home Jam'iyyar tunatar Cherubino ta aria daga wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "The Aure na Figaro." Secondary theme ne lyrical da melancholy, shi ne wata babbar bambanci. Development fara kadan launin waƙa bassoons. Akwai duhu da kuma mournful sautin. Ya fara da ban mamaki mataki. Reprise Yanã shimfida irin ƙarfin lantarki.

A bangare na biyu da aka mamaye da a kwantar da hankula da kuma contemplative yanayi. Haka kuma an yi amfani da sonata form. Ku raira babban jigo na violas, sa'an nan tsince ta goge. Na biyu topic kamar "fluttering".

The uku - a shiru, m kuma melodious. Development kawo mu koma ga agitated yanayi, tashin hankali bayyana. Reprise - shi ne sake wani haske tunani. Sulusin - da minuet da fasali na Maris, duk da haka, a cikin adadin kashi uku. Babban taken - da ƙarfin hali da kuma tabbatar da dalilin. An yi goge sarewa. The uku bayyana m pastoral sauti.

A m na karshe ci gaba da ban mamaki girma, kai ta tsororuwar - da koli. Juyayi da tashin hankali muhimmi a duk sassan na rubu'in. Kuma kawai na karshe sanduna suna yin wani kananan sanarwa.

V. A. Motsart Mãdalla da harpsichordist, shugaba, organist da kuma goge virtuoso. Ya na da wani cikakken kunne ga music, na alatu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma bege ga improvisation. Da kyau kwarai ayyukansu sun dauka su wuri a cikin tarihi na music.