Modulation ne ... Pulse nisa madauri

Ganin rayuwar yau da kullum tare da sababbin ra'ayoyin, mutane da yawa suna kokarin neman amsoshin tambayoyin su. Yana da wannan don bayyana duk abin mamaki. Ɗaya shine ra'ayi na haɓakawa. Za a tattauna a baya.

Janar bayanin

Modulation shine tsari na canza daya ko jerin duka na siginar oscillation mai tsayi mai tsawo daidai da bayanan sirri marar sauƙi. Sakamakon shine canja wurin sigin siginar kulawa a yankin mai tsawo, tun da watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye a sararin samaniya yana buƙatar dukan masu karɓa suna aiki a ƙananan ƙananan ba tare da katse juna ba. Saboda wannan tsari, ana sanya bayanai akan wani mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda aka sani a priori. Alamar sigina ta ƙunshi bayanin da aka watsa. Hakanan yawanci yana ɗaukakar tasirin mai bayanin, saboda abin da ya samo matsayi na mota. Alamar sigina ta ƙunshi bayanan da aka watsa. Akwai nau'o'in nau'i nau'i daban-daban, wanda ya dogara ne akan wane nau'in oscillation ana amfani dasu: rectangular, triangular ko wasu. Lokacin da dijital sakonni magana game da magudi. Sabili da haka, daidaitaccen tsari ne wanda ya hada da oscillations, saboda haka yana iya zama mita, amplitude, lokaci, da dai sauransu.

Iri

Yanzu za mu iya la'akari da irin waɗannan abubuwa. A gaskiya ma, daidaitattun tsari ne wanda ake daukar nauyin ƙwarar tsayi mai maƙwabtaka ta mita mai tsawo. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su iri iri ne: mita, amplitude da lokaci. Lokacin da mita daidaitowa faruwa da canji a cikin mita, tare da wani mawadãta - mawadãta amma tare da wani lokaci - lokaci. Har ila yau akwai wasu nau'in hade. Tsarin layi da gyare-gyare yana danganta da nau'ikan iri. A wannan yanayin, sigogi na sauyawa na sauyawa suna canzawa da hankali.

Modulation Mai Girma

A cikin tsarin da irin wannan canjin, amplitude na mai motsi mai motsi yana canzawa tare da matsayi mai tsawo ta hanyar yada motsi. Lokacin nazarin ƙananan maɓuɓɓuka a fitarwa, ba kawai ƙwararrun shigarwa aka gano ba, amma har da jimlar su da bambanci. A wannan yanayin, idan yanayin ya zama tasiri mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda, alal misali, siginar magana yana kunshe da yawancin hanyoyi, sa'an nan kuma ga jimlar da bambancin bambancin, ƙungiya biyu, ɗaya ƙarƙashin mai ɗauka, kuma na biyu mafi girma zai buƙaci. An kira su a gefe: babba da ƙananan. Farko - a replica na asali audio sigina canja da wani takamaiman mita. Ƙarƙashin ƙananan shi ne kwafin asalin asalin da aka juya, wato, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwararru a cikin ƙananan gefe.

Ƙananan gefen hoto ne na madubi wanda ke kusa da mahaɗin mota. Tsarin da ke amfani da fadin amplitude, wadda ke watsa mai dauke da sassan biyu, ana kiransa tsarin biyu. Mai ɗauri ba ya ƙunshi bayani mai amfani, saboda haka za'a iya cire shi, amma a kowane hali sashin layin zai kasance sau biyu. Ƙunƙwasawa na rukuni na samuwa ne saboda maye gurbin ba kawai mai ɗaukar hoto ba, amma kuma ɗaya daga gefe, tun da sun ƙunshi bayani ɗaya. Wannan nau'i ne da aka sani da matsakaicin banduna tare da mai ɗaukar nauyin.

Kaddamarwa

Don wannan tsari, ana buƙatar haɗakar da siginar alama tare da mai ɗaukar nauyin mita wanda aka kwashe shi ta hanyar modulator. Bayan wannan, ana samo siginar asali a matsayin madaidaiciya mita ko band na mita, sa'an nan kuma an cire shi daga wasu alamomi. Wani lokaci magoya bayan rumbun kayan hawa yana faruwa a wuri guda, kuma baya koya daidai da mota a kan mai sarrafa kansa kanta. Saboda ƙananan bambancin tsakanin ma'abota ƙananan akwai wasu rikice-rikice, wanda shine mahimmanci ga hanyoyin tarho.

Tsarin layi

A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da siginar tsarawa ta dijital, watau, yana ƙyale ƙuƙwalwa fiye da ɗaya bit ta baud ta hanyar ƙaddamar da siginar bayanai na binary a cikin sigina tare da matakan da dama. Hakanan wasu siginar binary sukan karya kashi biyu. Don biyu raguwa, zaka iya amfani da haɗuwa guda huɗu, tare da kowannensu suna wakiltar daya daga cikin matakan amplitude hudu. Irin wannan siginar da aka ƙaddara yana nuna cewa ƙwanan canji a cikin labaran yana da rabi na siginar asalin asali, saboda haka za'a iya amfani dashi don yanayin tsawa a cikin al'ada. Ta aikace-aikace, ta samu a rediyo.

Yanayin lokaci

Ayyuka da irin wannan yanayin suna ɗauka cewa mita mai mita zai canza bisa ga siffar siginar haɓakawa. Irin wannan ya zarce ƙarfin da ya dace da tsayayya da wasu tasiri a kan hanyar sadarwar tarho, saboda haka ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a ƙananan hanyoyi, inda babu buƙatar jawo hankalin babban band din.

Tsarin haske na zamani

Don ƙara yawan raguwar bidiyon, zaka iya haɗuwa lokaci da amplitude.

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi na yau da kullum na fadin zamani shine wanda yake dogara ne akan watsawar da dama masu sufurin. Alal misali, ana amfani dasu a cikin wasu masu amfani da masu amfani 48, rabuwa ta ƙungiyar 45 Hz. Ta hanyar haɓaka amplitude da haɓakar lokaci ga kowane mai ɗaukar nauyi, har zuwa 32 jihohin da aka rarraba ta kowane lokaci na layin, don haka yana yiwuwa a ɗauka 5 bits a cikin baud. Ya nuna cewa duk wannan saitin ya ba ka damar canja wurin 240 rabi ta baud. Yayin da kake aiki a 9600 bps, yawan nauyin haɓaka yana buƙatar 40 ne kawai kawai. Irin wannan ƙananan adadi yana da damuwa ga amplitude kuma lokaci yana watsi da haɗin kai a cikin hanyar sadarwar tarho.

Hanyoyin Lissafi na Pulse

Wannan irin ana daukar matsayin tsarin for watsa labarai analog sigina, msl, murya daga na'urorin na zamani. Ba'a amfani da wannan fasaha ta hanyar sadarwa ba a cikin modems. A nan, ana nuna alama ta analog a cikin sau ɗaya sau biyu mafi girman mita na siginar alama a cikin hanyar analog. Lokacin yin amfani da irin wannan tsarin a kan sadarwar tarho, haɓaka yana faruwa sau 8000 sau biyu. Kowace ƙidaya ita ce matakin ƙarfin lantarki wanda aka tsara ta lamba bakwai-bit. Don mafi kyau wakilci magana da harshen, tsarinsa da ake amfani da logarithmically. Bakwai ya ragu tare da takwas, yayi magana game da alamar siginar, ta samar da taita.

Don dawo da sigina na sakonni, gyare-gyaren da ganewa, wato, tsari na baya, ana buƙatar. Ana nuna siginar ta hanya mai ba da hanya ba. Abubuwan da ba a haɗe ba sun haɗa da bakan na siginar fitarwa tare da sababbin sassan bakan, kuma ana yin amfani da filtata don ware abubuwan da aka rage. Za'a iya yin amfani da diodes, transistors, semiconductor diodes a matsayin abubuwan da ba a haɗa ba. A al'ada, ana amfani da diodes na semiconductor kamar su, tun lokacin da aka shigar da haɓaka yafi girma a cikin shimfida.

Nau'in zamani

Hanyoyin fasaha na zamani yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin bayanai kuma yana samar da daidaituwa tare da sabis na bayanai na dijital. Bugu da ƙari, yana ƙara tsaro na bayanai, inganta halayyar sadarwa, kuma yana hanzarta samun dama ga su.

Akwai iyakoki da yawa waɗanda masu haɓakawa na kowane tsarin sun hadu: ikon halatta da kuma nisa na band na mita, tsarin da aka ba da ƙwararren ƙira. Kowace rana adadin masu amfani da sadarwa yana karuwa, kuma buƙatar su yana karuwa, wanda yana buƙatar ƙarawa a cikin rediyo. Hanya na zamani ya bambanta da alama daga analog daya a cikin mai ɗaukar hoto yana ɗauke da cikakken bayani a cikinta.

Difficulties na amfani

Kafin masu ci gaba da shirye-shiryen rediyo na dijital, akwai irin wannan aiki na musamman - don samun sulhuntawa tsakanin watsa labarun watsa bayanai da fasahar fasaha na tsarin. Saboda wannan, yana da kyau a yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don samun sakamakon da ake so. Za a iya shirya sadarwa ta radiyon ta hanyar amfani da mai sauƙin watsawa da kuma karɓar radiyo, amma saboda wannan haɗin za a yi amfani da tsaka-tsakar mitar yawancin si yawan masu amfani. Don masu karɓa da masu watsawa da yawa, an buƙatar ƙaramin bandwidth don watsa bayanai a cikin wannan ƙarar. Don canzawa zuwa hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na hanyar watsa labaran, ya wajaba don daidaita kayan aiki daidai. Wannan matsalar ba ya dogara ne a kan irin na sadarwa.

Zaɓuka madadin

Tsarin nisa fasali yana nuna da cewa siginar siginar shi ne jerin ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta, yayinda ƙwarƙashin siginar yana ci gaba. Canje-canje suna damuwa kawai tsawon lokacin kowane bugun jini bisa ga siginar haɓakawa.

Tsarin fadin bugun jini ya bambanta da yanayin zamani-lokaci. Wannan na karshe yana ɗaukar nauyin siginar a cikin nau'i na sinusoid. An bayyana shi da yawan ƙararrawa akai da mita m ko lokaci. Ana iya daidaita sigina na layi a mita. Yana iya zama mai gyarawa bugun jini duration, kuma su mita ne a wasu talakawan darajar, amma su instantaneous darajar zai bambanta dangane da modulating sakonni.

Ƙarshe

Zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi masu sauƙi na sauyawa, tare da kawai saɓo yana canza yadda ya dace da bayanin haɓakawa. Shirin hada-hadar hada-hadar, wanda ake amfani dashi a kayan sadarwa na zamani, shine lokacin da amplitude da kuma mai ɗaukar canji zasu canja lokaci daya. A cikin tsarin zamani, ana iya amfani da ƙwararrun masu amfani da su, don kowannensu ana yin amfani da irin wannan nau'i. A wannan yanayin muna magana game da sigina na siginar alama. An yi amfani da wannan kalma don nau'in nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, yayin da don ƙarin bayani ana buƙatar ƙarin bayanin fasalin.

A cikin tsarin sadarwa na zamani, ana amfani da nau'ukan da ake amfani da su mafi mahimmanci, don haka rage girman bandwidth domin yada layin sararin samaniya don sauran nau'ikan sakonni. Kyakkyawar sadarwa daga wannan kawai ta lashe, amma ƙwarewar kayan aiki a cikin wannan yanayin yana da matukar tasiri. Ƙarshe, ƙayyadaddden mita yana bada sakamako wanda yake bayyane ga mai amfani kawai dangane da amfani da kayan aiki.