Metropolitan - Metropolitan da shi ... da Rasha Church

Metropolitan - An wajabta wata daraja maxaukakiya a cikin Kirista coci. A farko na aikin ambaci suna rubuce a cikin takardun da na Ecumenical Council, da aka gudanar a Nicaea a cikin 325. An kuma yi umurni da wuri a cikin matsayi.

The coci matsayi

A Roman Empire, babban birni na lardin kira Lardi. A bishop, da ciwon da sashen, cewa shi ne ya zama a cikin archdiocese kira Lardi.

Metropolitan - shi ne mafi girma da lakabi na Bishop. A bishop (kula, nadsmatrivayuschy) a nuna yana da wata babbar digiri na uku na firist bayan Irena da m (aka firist, aka Fr). Saboda haka, Bishop ne sau da yawa ake kira da bishop. "Arch" - wani yanki da suka zo daga Girkanci harshe da kuma hidima ga nuna babban ecclesiastical daraja. A bishops na dioceses gudana da kuma ku yi ɗã'ã ga Lardi. Idan diocese ya manyan, da bishops, ko da bishops, to sarrafa shi, aka kira Archbishops. A Rasha Orthodox Church wannan babbar suna zama kawai a baya Lardi.

external bambance-bambance

Wadannan mafi girma ecclesiastical darajõji duba daban-daban hat - kaho. Bishops sa baki, archbishops - Black tare da giciye sanya masu daraja karafa da duwatsun, da Metropolitans sa fari hoods da wannan giciye. Suka sãɓã wa jũna, kuma alkyabba. Saboda haka, bishops, kuma archbishops ne m, ko duhu ja, Metropolitan - blue, sarki sa alkyabbar kore. A Lent duk episcopate a baki riguna. Metropolitan - wannan lakabi na girmamawa. The aiki na irin wannan suna ne mai irin lada, insignia bayarwa da ayyuka. A Rasha Orthodox Church Sanov archbishops da metropolitans ake girmama bishops for sirri isa yabo kafin coci. Su ne, an bã da kuma ga rayuwarsu.

Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Lardi - shi ne mafi tsufa suna a cikin Kirista coci. Wasu masu bincike na Church yi imani da cewa metropolitans waɗansu Manzanni, wasu sun hada da zargin da wannan iko ga II karni, idan akwai wata larura na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya coci iko. Kuma a cikin shekara 325 da kuma 341 a majalisar Bishops na san an kawai gaba daya shigar. ikokin da aka rajista, wanda muhimmanci ƙara a girma. Duk abin da aka halatta kuma kayyade, shi ya kamata ba fiye da haifar da wani jayayya. Cathedral of Toledo, da aka gudanar a 589, har ma fiye da fadada Metropolitan dokar - yanzu ya iya hukunta ƙarƙashin bishops. A general, da rukunan Kirista da aka kafa a cikin majalisarku da IV - Sabunta ƙarni. A wadannan shekaru bai kawo wani gagarumin canje-canje.

A farko

Rus aka yi masa baftisma a karshen X karni, a lokacin da Prince Vladimir Mai girma. A mafi yawan lokuta, shi ya furta cewa, a cikin shekara 988, amma wasu masana tarihi kira da 991. Har ila yau, babu wani m data on na farko Lardi na Kiev. Amma daga XVI karni, shi aka zaci cewa shi ne Michael. Ya kuma yana da sunan da Syria, saboda yana da wani kabilanci ko Greek, ko Syria.

An yi imani da cewa Lardi Michael kuma sufaye, wanda ya iso tare da shi, da zinariya-domed Michael ta kuma Kyiv Mezhegorsky gidajen da aka gina. Gasa gasar Lardi Leonty, wasu kafofin ce shi ne ya fara Lardi na wannan ranar da Board - 992-1008 shekaru. Sa'an nan ya zo Theophylact, John I, Feopemt, Kirill na Helenawa. A kwanan wata na kwamitin kowane daga cikinsu ya tsaya takara. Ya kamata a lura da cewa dukansu sun kasance 'yan kasashen waje.

Rasha na farko

Kuma kawai ta yarda da wannan daraja, a 1051, kuma ya mulki coci har 1054, Metropolitan Hilarion (Rusin) wata takwararta. Ya mutu game da 1088. The coci da ya jagoranci lokacin Yaroslava Mudrogo. Tsarki ya tabbata a matsayin saint - a cikin Orthodox Church ne mai tsarki na episcopal daraja. Shi ne marubucin littafin "Word a kan shari'a da alheri," da ya rubuta a 1030-1050, bi da bi. Bugu da kari, ya rubuta, "Addu'a", "Confession of Faith".

Metropolitan Hilarion ma rubuta da gõde Yaroslav Mai hikima. Sosai a qananan bayani game da rayuwar Hilarion, amma a "The Tale of bygone Years" na nuna cewa yi na Kiev-Pechersk Lavra ya fara a 1051, da cewa shi ne, a lokacin zamanin mulkin Hilarion. A Novgorod II Chronicle ya furta cewa, a cikin 1054 Lardi na Kiev ya zama Ifraimu. Wannan ya nuna cewa nan da nan bayan mutuwarsa a 1054 da Yaroslav Mudrogo Illarion aka cire.

A saint da mu'ujiza ma'aikacin

Very gagarumin adadi a cikin tarihi na Rasha Orthodox Church ya Lardi Alexy. Ya shi ya zama majiɓinci saint na biyu shahara Moscow da kuma All Rasha, da Jikoki - Alexis I (Sergey Vladimirovich Simansky, sarki daga shekarar 1945 zuwa 1970), da kuma Alexy II (Aleksey Mihaylovich Ridiger, sarki daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2008).

Ya fito daga wata boyar iyali, ɗan Fodora Byakonta, kafa da dama daraja iyalansu kamar Pleshcheev da Ignatiev. All Rasha mu'ujiza ma'aikacin da saint Moscow (canonized shekaru 50 bayan mutuwarsa), Metropolitan Alexy a zamanin rayuwarsa cimma babba nasara kamar yadda wani dattaku da kuma dabara jami'in diflomasiyyar. Tare da shi an dauke a cikin Duchy na Lithuania da kuma taro, wanda ya yi lamba, da kuma wani irin - Alexis Hanshi Taydulu warkar daga ido cuta. Daga 1354 nada matsayin da sarki na Konstantinoful, Lardi na Kyiv da kuma All Rus Elevferiy Fodorovich Byakont (a duniya) ne a cikin wannan filin har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1378. Ya kafa da dama gidajen lama, ciki har da Chudov sufi a cikin Kremlin. A Kremlin kanta a lõkacin da ta fara gina up a cikin dutse. Bayan da sufi, ya kafa Spaso-Andaranikas, Simonov, Vvedensky Episcopal, kuma Serpukhov gidajen lama. Ya rubuta da dama addini ayyukansu. The tsarki sauran kaya daga cikin mu'ujiza ma'aikacin a 1947 da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Bloch Epiphany Cathedral a birnin Moscow, inda suka karya wannan rana.

Metropolitan-countrymen

Daga lokacin da Baftisma na Rasha da kuma ga XIV karni, kasar da aka a daya Lardi, da shugaban da aka nada a Konstantinoful. Hakika, mafi sau da yawa aika zuwa metropolitans ba Rasha. Shugabannin son ganin a wannan post compatriots, saboda kafin a 1589 da aka gabatar a Rasha da patriarchate, metropolitans tsaya a kai na coci matsayi, kuma da yawa dogara a kan su. A farko Rasha shugaban na Kiev coci ya Clement (Smolyatich, a zamanin mulkin 1147-1156). Sa'an nan a ofishin su ma Girkawa, kuma Bulgarians. Amma tun zamanin mulkin Theodosius (1461-1464), a cikin abin da ya fara tsawon cikakken autocephaly kasa coci a ta kai sun kasance mafi yawa Rasha Metropolitans, wanda daga wannan lokaci ya zama sananne a matsayin "Moscow da kuma All Rasha."

A shahararren shugaban coci kuma marubuci wanda ya bar baya da wani gagarumin wallafe-wallafen wasiyya, Theodosius (Byvaltsev) ne mashahuri domin zama na farko Moscow Lardi nada Rasha yarima kuma ba da sarki na Konstantinoful. Wannan shi ne mafi girma da coci daraja na Rasha Orthodox Church - Lardi na Moscow, kafin amincewa da patriarchate tun zamanin mulkin Theodosius har yanzu sa Philip na da Gerontius, Zosima da Saminu. Kuma bi da bi shi aka bayar Barlaam da Daniyel, da Yũsufu da Macarius, Athanasius kuma Philip II, Kirill, Antony da Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar. Moscow Lardi Ayuba ya riga da farko sarki.