Metal Properties na sinadaran abubuwa

A halin yanzu kimiyya sani ɗari da biyar sinadaran abubuwa, codified a cikin nau'i na lokaci-lokaci tebur. Mafiya yawa su ake da karafa, wanda yana nuna gaban wadannan abubuwa ne na musamman halaye. Wannan ake kira ƙarfe Properties. Wadannan halaye, da farko related plasticity, ta ƙara thermal da lantarki watsin, ikon samar gami, low ionization m darajar.

Ƙarfe Properties na wani kashi saboda da ikon da kwayoyin halitta a taron na hulda da atomic Tsarin wasu abubuwa a cikin su shugabanci to kau da electron girgije ko "ba" su tare da su free electrons. A mafi yawan aiki karafa su ne wadanda da suke da low ionization makamashi da kuma electronegativity. Har ila yau, ya furta ƙarfe Properties halayyar ga abubuwa da ciwon manyan atomic radius kamar yadda zai yiwu da kuma musamman kananan yawan waje (valence) electron.

Kamar yadda valence electron kewayewa cika adadin a cikin matsanancin Layer na atomic tsarin ƙaruwa, da kuma rage-rage radius daidai da. A wannan batun, sunadaran fara zuwa neman dangane da free electrons, maimakon zuwa su dawo. Metal Properties irin wannan abubuwa saya da wani hali don rage, kuma su ƙarfe Properties - ƙara. Conversely, tare da kara atomic radius akwai wani girma karfe Properties. Saboda haka, a halayyar kowa alama na duk da karafa ne da ake kira maimaitawa ingancin - wannan ikon zarra ba da free electrons.

Wannan ne mafi fili bayyana ƙarfe Properties na abubuwa a cikin farko abu, wani na biyu kungiyar na babban subgroups na lokaci-lokaci tebur, kazalika da na Alkali da alkaline duniya karafa. Amma mafi iko restorative halaye lura a Faransa da kuma a cikin ruwa yanayi - a lithium saboda wani babban kudi na hydration makamashi.

Yawan abubuwa a cikin abin da ƙarfe Properties bayyana a cikin lokaci ƙaruwa tare da lokaci lambar. A lokaci-lokaci tebur karafa daga nonmetals nuna wa mata banbanci diagonal line cewa lullube daga boron zuwa astatine. Domin wannan rarraban layi suna located abubuwa da ya bayyana daidai da wadanda da sauran halaye. Wadannan abubuwa sun hada da silicon, arsenic, boron, germanium, astatine, antimony da tellurium. Wannan rukuni na abubuwa kira metalloids.

Kowane lokaci ne halin da wani irin "Iyakar zone" a cikin abin da abubuwa ana shirya tare da dual Properties. Saboda haka, da miƙa mulki daga karfe zuwa pronounced hankula nonmetal za'ayi hankali, wanda aka nuna a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur.

Janar Properties na karfe abubuwa (high lantarki watsin, thermal watsin . Ductility halayyar luster, ductility, da dai sauransu) saboda da kama da su ciki tsari, ko fiye daidai - gaban da crystal raga. Duk da haka, akwai mai yawa Properties (yawa, taurin, dab da zazzabi), wanda ba da duk karafa zalla mutum physico-sinadaran Properties. Wadannan halaye dogara ne a kan crystal raga tsarin kowane mutum kashi.